Pausing of Golgi Bodies on Microtubules Regulates
... behavior, and velocity to those observed in untreated basal hypocotyl cells and those induced by osmotic stress or cycloheximide treatment (cf. Figures 2D, 3A, 3B, and 3E; see Supplemental Figure 2G online). Mock treatment with an identical dilution of DMSO did not observably alter GFP-CESA3 localiz ...
... behavior, and velocity to those observed in untreated basal hypocotyl cells and those induced by osmotic stress or cycloheximide treatment (cf. Figures 2D, 3A, 3B, and 3E; see Supplemental Figure 2G online). Mock treatment with an identical dilution of DMSO did not observably alter GFP-CESA3 localiz ...
20. A Cellular Adventure
... Lysosome: Yeah, I do get very full. Sometimes I feel like I’m going to burst. All of the organelles mumble “Oh, no… don’t burst!” Ryan: Well, what’s wrong with that? Lysosome: Remember when I said that I was full of digestive enzymes? Ryan: Yeah, but what does that have to do with anything? Lysosome ...
... Lysosome: Yeah, I do get very full. Sometimes I feel like I’m going to burst. All of the organelles mumble “Oh, no… don’t burst!” Ryan: Well, what’s wrong with that? Lysosome: Remember when I said that I was full of digestive enzymes? Ryan: Yeah, but what does that have to do with anything? Lysosome ...
Small molecules that regulate lifespan
... which invokes a general stress response that promotes better health and longer life. This theory explains why CR animals are more resistant to a broad array of stresses and fits with prominent theories about the allocation of resources to survival and somatic maintenance during times of stress (Kirk ...
... which invokes a general stress response that promotes better health and longer life. This theory explains why CR animals are more resistant to a broad array of stresses and fits with prominent theories about the allocation of resources to survival and somatic maintenance during times of stress (Kirk ...
Identification of the Protein Storage Vacuole
... phaseolin, a storage protein found in the seed of the common bean (Müntz, 1998), in protoplasts of Arabidopsis leaf tissues. First, we examined the expression pattern of phaseolin by protein-blot analysis using a polyclonal antiphaseolin antiserum. As shown in Figure 1A, at 24 h after transformatio ...
... phaseolin, a storage protein found in the seed of the common bean (Müntz, 1998), in protoplasts of Arabidopsis leaf tissues. First, we examined the expression pattern of phaseolin by protein-blot analysis using a polyclonal antiphaseolin antiserum. As shown in Figure 1A, at 24 h after transformatio ...
Small molecules that regulate lifespan: evidence for xenohormesis
... which invokes a general stress response that promotes better health and longer life. This theory explains why CR animals are more resistant to a broad array of stresses and fits with prominent theories about the allocation of resources to survival and somatic maintenance during times of stress (Kirk ...
... which invokes a general stress response that promotes better health and longer life. This theory explains why CR animals are more resistant to a broad array of stresses and fits with prominent theories about the allocation of resources to survival and somatic maintenance during times of stress (Kirk ...
THE USE OF STABLE ISOTOPES IN BIOLOGICAL
... sibilities of the use of tracer technique for bio- of related problems in one field: the biosynthesis chemical research. The exploitation of these pos- and metabolism of porphyrins. sibilities marked time, however, until isotopes of elements more widely associated with biochemical Problems of Diluti ...
... sibilities of the use of tracer technique for bio- of related problems in one field: the biosynthesis chemical research. The exploitation of these pos- and metabolism of porphyrins. sibilities marked time, however, until isotopes of elements more widely associated with biochemical Problems of Diluti ...
Ion Trap/Ion Mobility/Quadrupole/Time-of
... compared to microseconds in the evacuated TOF instrument) allow mobilities and m/z ratios for mixtures of ions to be acquired in a single experimental sequence. An illustration of a hypothetical IMS-TOF dataset showing the two-dimensional analysis of a mixture of ions is shown in Figure 1. The hybri ...
... compared to microseconds in the evacuated TOF instrument) allow mobilities and m/z ratios for mixtures of ions to be acquired in a single experimental sequence. An illustration of a hypothetical IMS-TOF dataset showing the two-dimensional analysis of a mixture of ions is shown in Figure 1. The hybri ...
Convergence and Extension Movements During Vertebrate
... coordinated morphogenetic movements of individual cells. Vertebrate gastrulation employs four types of evolutionarily conserved cell movements to generate and shape the three germ layers: endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm. Epiboly movements spread and thin the embryonic tissues. Internalization movem ...
... coordinated morphogenetic movements of individual cells. Vertebrate gastrulation employs four types of evolutionarily conserved cell movements to generate and shape the three germ layers: endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm. Epiboly movements spread and thin the embryonic tissues. Internalization movem ...
Specialized filopodia direct long-range transport of SHH
... that these cellular extensions are a specialized class of actin-based filopodia with novel cytoskeletal features that have not been previously described. Notably, particles containing SHH travel along these extensions with a net anterograde movement within the field of SHH cell signalling. We furthe ...
... that these cellular extensions are a specialized class of actin-based filopodia with novel cytoskeletal features that have not been previously described. Notably, particles containing SHH travel along these extensions with a net anterograde movement within the field of SHH cell signalling. We furthe ...
Cell shape changes indicate a role for extrinsic tensile forces in
... (‘total’ strain rates). Next we quantified the average rates of shape change for cells belonging to each domain (‘cell shape’ strain rates). Finally, the strain rates attributable to cell intercalation were derived for each domain by subtracting the ‘cell shape’ strain rates from the ‘total’ strain ...
... (‘total’ strain rates). Next we quantified the average rates of shape change for cells belonging to each domain (‘cell shape’ strain rates). Finally, the strain rates attributable to cell intercalation were derived for each domain by subtracting the ‘cell shape’ strain rates from the ‘total’ strain ...
Plasmodesmata-Mediated Cell-to-Cell Communication in the Shoot
... Keywords: cell-to-cell communication; plasmodesmata; Arabidopsis thaliana; mobile transcription factors; mobile small RNAs; receptor-like kinase/protein; callose ...
... Keywords: cell-to-cell communication; plasmodesmata; Arabidopsis thaliana; mobile transcription factors; mobile small RNAs; receptor-like kinase/protein; callose ...
ER storage diseases: a role for ERGIC
... microscopy. At day 4, small, bright dots became evident in 2040% of ⌬CH1 producing cells (see inset). These dots, usually one in each cell, probably represent the first morphological sign of ⌬CH1 aggregation. With time, they increased progressively in size, and this correlated with an increase in ...
... microscopy. At day 4, small, bright dots became evident in 2040% of ⌬CH1 producing cells (see inset). These dots, usually one in each cell, probably represent the first morphological sign of ⌬CH1 aggregation. With time, they increased progressively in size, and this correlated with an increase in ...
Nitrogen deficiency inhibits leaf blade growth in Lolium
... leaf tissue out of the leaf growth zone (mm h-1), to a lower flux of cells into the elongation-only zone, that is, cell production rate (cell h-1), while only minor or no changes in final cell length (mm per cell) were observed (Volenec & Nelson 1983; Gastal & Nelson 1994; Fricke et al. 1997; Tóth e ...
... leaf tissue out of the leaf growth zone (mm h-1), to a lower flux of cells into the elongation-only zone, that is, cell production rate (cell h-1), while only minor or no changes in final cell length (mm per cell) were observed (Volenec & Nelson 1983; Gastal & Nelson 1994; Fricke et al. 1997; Tóth e ...
The role of aquaporins in cellular and whole plant water balance
... through the lipid bilayer and by transport through proteinaceous water channels, aquaporins. Many events require relatively rapid translocation of large volumes of water across membranes, for example, cell elongation and stomatal movements. Water transport across the lipid bilayer of cellular membra ...
... through the lipid bilayer and by transport through proteinaceous water channels, aquaporins. Many events require relatively rapid translocation of large volumes of water across membranes, for example, cell elongation and stomatal movements. Water transport across the lipid bilayer of cellular membra ...
Xylem Structure and Function
... surface of the primary wall is covered by secondary wall, except for small areas called pits. In the lateral walls of such vessel elements, and the walls of tracheids (mostly radial walls), the pits occur in pit-pairs with the pits of neighbouring cells precisely aligned (Figure 3). A pit membrane, ...
... surface of the primary wall is covered by secondary wall, except for small areas called pits. In the lateral walls of such vessel elements, and the walls of tracheids (mostly radial walls), the pits occur in pit-pairs with the pits of neighbouring cells precisely aligned (Figure 3). A pit membrane, ...
DRP1 family in cytokinesis and cell expansion
... mutant seedlings was found to be dependent on exogenous metabolizable sugars (e.g., sucrose or glucose). However, ADL1A was not essential for further vegetative growth once the sucrose-rescued adl1A mutants became photosynthetically active. These observations suggested that another functionally redu ...
... mutant seedlings was found to be dependent on exogenous metabolizable sugars (e.g., sucrose or glucose). However, ADL1A was not essential for further vegetative growth once the sucrose-rescued adl1A mutants became photosynthetically active. These observations suggested that another functionally redu ...
PDF - Blood Journal
... transmembrane protein complement receptor 1 (CD35).15 Particularly, in nanovesicles, AChE is highly concentrated in relation to total protein and phospholipid content.4 Similarly, in mechanically induced vesiculation of erythrocytes, the specific enrichment of GPI-linked CD59 in the vesicles has bee ...
... transmembrane protein complement receptor 1 (CD35).15 Particularly, in nanovesicles, AChE is highly concentrated in relation to total protein and phospholipid content.4 Similarly, in mechanically induced vesiculation of erythrocytes, the specific enrichment of GPI-linked CD59 in the vesicles has bee ...
Full-Text PDF
... ribosomal activity and protein synthesis is required. 2.2.4. Basal Meristem As cells reach the transition zone, their proliferation slows down and their size begins to increase. At this point cells are clearly marked by CCS52A, an activator of the APC/C complex [35]. Cells often enter an alternative ...
... ribosomal activity and protein synthesis is required. 2.2.4. Basal Meristem As cells reach the transition zone, their proliferation slows down and their size begins to increase. At this point cells are clearly marked by CCS52A, an activator of the APC/C complex [35]. Cells often enter an alternative ...
Penetration and Establishment of Phakopsora pachyrhizi in
... Inoculation and collection of leaves for transmission electron microscopy. One day prior to inoculation, urediniospores were removed from liquid nitrogen storage. They were heat shocked by submerging dry urediniospore aliquots, sealed in vials (Nunc CryoTube, Kamstrup, Denmark), into a 40°C water ba ...
... Inoculation and collection of leaves for transmission electron microscopy. One day prior to inoculation, urediniospores were removed from liquid nitrogen storage. They were heat shocked by submerging dry urediniospore aliquots, sealed in vials (Nunc CryoTube, Kamstrup, Denmark), into a 40°C water ba ...
pdf file
... and the plasma membrane. Here, we report the identification of COD1/SPF1 (control of HMGCoA reductase degradation/SPF1) through genetic strategies intended to uncover genes involved in protein maturation and endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation (ERAD), a quality control pathway that rid ...
... and the plasma membrane. Here, we report the identification of COD1/SPF1 (control of HMGCoA reductase degradation/SPF1) through genetic strategies intended to uncover genes involved in protein maturation and endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation (ERAD), a quality control pathway that rid ...
Differential localization of LTA synthesis proteins and their
... self-interaction was detected and DltD was found to interact with the core LTA synthesis proteins (Fig. 1A and B). LTA depletion in S. aureus results in aberrant positioning of the septa, cell enlargement and eventual cell lysis, indicating a role for this polymer in both cell growth and cell divisi ...
... self-interaction was detected and DltD was found to interact with the core LTA synthesis proteins (Fig. 1A and B). LTA depletion in S. aureus results in aberrant positioning of the septa, cell enlargement and eventual cell lysis, indicating a role for this polymer in both cell growth and cell divisi ...
Super-resolution microscopy of mitochondria
... Mitochondria contain their own genome (mtDNA), which is packaged into nucleoprotein complexes (nucleoids) located in the innermost mitochondrial compartment, the aqueous matrix [55,56]. The nucleoids are distributed throughout the mitochondrial network. In humans, the mtDNA encodes 13 proteins, whic ...
... Mitochondria contain their own genome (mtDNA), which is packaged into nucleoprotein complexes (nucleoids) located in the innermost mitochondrial compartment, the aqueous matrix [55,56]. The nucleoids are distributed throughout the mitochondrial network. In humans, the mtDNA encodes 13 proteins, whic ...
Cytosol
The cytosol or intracellular fluid (ICF) or cytoplasmic matrix is the liquid found inside cells. It is separated into compartments by membranes. For example, the mitochondrial matrix separates the mitochondrion into many compartments.In the eukaryotic cell, the cytosol is within the cell membrane and is part of the cytoplasm, which also comprises the mitochondria, plastids, and other organelles (but not their internal fluids and structures); the cell nucleus is separate. In prokaryotes, most of the chemical reactions of metabolism take place in the cytosol, while a few take place in membranes or in the periplasmic space. In eukaryotes, while many metabolic pathways still occur in the cytosol, others are contained within organelles.The cytosol is a complex mixture of substances dissolved in water. Although water forms the large majority of the cytosol, its structure and properties within cells is not well understood. The concentrations of ions such as sodium and potassium are different in the cytosol than in the extracellular fluid; these differences in ion levels are important in processes such as osmoregulation, cell signaling, and the generation of action potentials in excitable cells such as endocrine, nerve and muscle cells. The cytosol also contains large amounts of macromolecules, which can alter how molecules behave, through macromolecular crowding.Although it was once thought to be a simple solution of molecules, the cytosol has multiple levels of organization. These include concentration gradients of small molecules such as calcium, large complexes of enzymes that act together to carry out metabolic pathways, and protein complexes such as proteasomes and carboxysomes that enclose and separate parts of the cytosol.