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9700/02 - StudyGuide.PK
... One cube, 2 cm × 2 cm × 2 cm, was put into a beaker and covered with distilled water. Eight cubes each measuring 1 cm × 1 cm × 1 cm were put into another beaker of distilled water, making sure that they were all covered with distilled water. At intervals for a period of 45 hours, the cubes were remo ...
... One cube, 2 cm × 2 cm × 2 cm, was put into a beaker and covered with distilled water. Eight cubes each measuring 1 cm × 1 cm × 1 cm were put into another beaker of distilled water, making sure that they were all covered with distilled water. At intervals for a period of 45 hours, the cubes were remo ...
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... Gel Filtration Resin. When starting protein purification, technicians sometimes use a gel-filtration (size-exclusion) column first. They know the molecular weight of their protein, so they can often eliminate several contaminant proteins by a quick run through a sizing column. ...
... Gel Filtration Resin. When starting protein purification, technicians sometimes use a gel-filtration (size-exclusion) column first. They know the molecular weight of their protein, so they can often eliminate several contaminant proteins by a quick run through a sizing column. ...
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... fixed at times t and t+30, were judged to have been in G2 and M phases, respectively, the transition from G2 to M occurred at some point during the 30min interval between t and t+30. A similar argument applies to establishing the timing of the M-to-S transition. In contrast, if homologous cells in s ...
... fixed at times t and t+30, were judged to have been in G2 and M phases, respectively, the transition from G2 to M occurred at some point during the 30min interval between t and t+30. A similar argument applies to establishing the timing of the M-to-S transition. In contrast, if homologous cells in s ...
salinity change and cell volume: the response of tissues from the
... (primarily taurine, betaine and K+) after 4 h in 60 % ASW. Decreases in both cell water space and osmolyte content after 3 weeks of acclimation to 60 % ASW indicated a longterm RVD of approximately 60 %. Individual cells in the mantle epithelium also generally lacked an RVD in response to lowered sa ...
... (primarily taurine, betaine and K+) after 4 h in 60 % ASW. Decreases in both cell water space and osmolyte content after 3 weeks of acclimation to 60 % ASW indicated a longterm RVD of approximately 60 %. Individual cells in the mantle epithelium also generally lacked an RVD in response to lowered sa ...
YSK1 is activated by the Golgi matrix protein GM130 and plays a
... involved in the control of cell migration and polarity (Dan et al., 2001). In mammals, over 30 Ste20 kinases exist classified into two subgroups. These are the p21-activated kinases and the germinal center kinases (Dan et al., 2001), and it is this latter group that is of interest here. Germinal cen ...
... involved in the control of cell migration and polarity (Dan et al., 2001). In mammals, over 30 Ste20 kinases exist classified into two subgroups. These are the p21-activated kinases and the germinal center kinases (Dan et al., 2001), and it is this latter group that is of interest here. Germinal cen ...
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... The application of reverse genetics to the protoplast-based cell wall regeneration system also provides an attractive approach for characterizing cell wall proteins. It is not easy, however, to establish a suspension culture cell line with specific genes knocked out. We therefore recently developed ...
... The application of reverse genetics to the protoplast-based cell wall regeneration system also provides an attractive approach for characterizing cell wall proteins. It is not easy, however, to establish a suspension culture cell line with specific genes knocked out. We therefore recently developed ...
Scavenging of 14-3-3 proteins reveals their involvement in the cell
... of endogenous 14-3-3 proteins using an artificial 14-3-3scavenger protein. This was constructed (Fig. 1A) by fusion of protein G, the tetramer-forming coiled-coil domain pLI (Harbury et al., 1993) and the R18 peptide that binds 14-3-3 proteins with high affinity (Wang et al., 1999). We refer to this ...
... of endogenous 14-3-3 proteins using an artificial 14-3-3scavenger protein. This was constructed (Fig. 1A) by fusion of protein G, the tetramer-forming coiled-coil domain pLI (Harbury et al., 1993) and the R18 peptide that binds 14-3-3 proteins with high affinity (Wang et al., 1999). We refer to this ...
Sequential steps in clathrin-mediated synaptic vesicle endocytosis
... Onset of clathrin-mediated endocytosis in the endocytic zone of a central synapse. (a,b) Three-dimensional reconstructions of the plasma membrane at a synaptic release site in a lamprey reticulospinal axon. The red area corresponds to the active zone. The axon was first stimulated at 20 Hz for 20 mi ...
... Onset of clathrin-mediated endocytosis in the endocytic zone of a central synapse. (a,b) Three-dimensional reconstructions of the plasma membrane at a synaptic release site in a lamprey reticulospinal axon. The red area corresponds to the active zone. The axon was first stimulated at 20 Hz for 20 mi ...
Protein quality control and elimination of protein waste: The role of
... in targeting of misfolded proteins to peripheral aggregate deposits in cells [71]. Hsp26 is stress induced and can promote Hsp104 and Hsp70 mediated disaggregation of protein aggregates [72,73]. The mammalian E3 ligase CHIP (C-terminus of Hsc70-interacting protein) is the best-characterized protein ...
... in targeting of misfolded proteins to peripheral aggregate deposits in cells [71]. Hsp26 is stress induced and can promote Hsp104 and Hsp70 mediated disaggregation of protein aggregates [72,73]. The mammalian E3 ligase CHIP (C-terminus of Hsc70-interacting protein) is the best-characterized protein ...
Enzymology of Plasma Membranes of Insect Intestinal Cells`
... leucine aminopeptidases, carboxypeptidase A, or glycylglycine dipeptiase all of which show much higher specific activities in the ectoperitrophic fluid than in the endoperitrophic fluid, an indication that the peritrophic membrane is a barrier to the diffusion of these enzyme proteins. The finding t ...
... leucine aminopeptidases, carboxypeptidase A, or glycylglycine dipeptiase all of which show much higher specific activities in the ectoperitrophic fluid than in the endoperitrophic fluid, an indication that the peritrophic membrane is a barrier to the diffusion of these enzyme proteins. The finding t ...
Get PDF file - Botanik in Bonn
... plant cells. Although cellulose synthesis also occurs in a few animal cells (e.g., Kimura and Itoh, 1996[110]), the involvement of MTs in this process is a major feature of plant cells (e.g., Cyr, 1994[44]; Barlow and Baluška, 2000[19]). Cortical MTs of plant cells align in parallel, transverse (wi ...
... plant cells. Although cellulose synthesis also occurs in a few animal cells (e.g., Kimura and Itoh, 1996[110]), the involvement of MTs in this process is a major feature of plant cells (e.g., Cyr, 1994[44]; Barlow and Baluška, 2000[19]). Cortical MTs of plant cells align in parallel, transverse (wi ...
Actin behavior in bulk cytoplasm is cell cycle regulated in early
... somatic cells and early embryos, where they might contribute to cell mechanics. However, historically they have been difficult to image. A strong signal from the cortex tends to obscure signal from bulk cytoplasm in fluorescence microscopy of actomyosin in small somatic cells, whereas imaging deep i ...
... somatic cells and early embryos, where they might contribute to cell mechanics. However, historically they have been difficult to image. A strong signal from the cortex tends to obscure signal from bulk cytoplasm in fluorescence microscopy of actomyosin in small somatic cells, whereas imaging deep i ...
Membrane of Striated Muscle
... number of observations is not large, but if the discrepancy is a real one it is of the kind that would be expected if there were a singlefile mechanism. Adrian and Freygang (in press) have recently made conductance measurements on fibers in the sartorius musele. In the 100 mM KCl solution referred t ...
... number of observations is not large, but if the discrepancy is a real one it is of the kind that would be expected if there were a singlefile mechanism. Adrian and Freygang (in press) have recently made conductance measurements on fibers in the sartorius musele. In the 100 mM KCl solution referred t ...
Cytoplasmic sequestration of the tumor suppressor p53 by a heat
... fractions of all the colorectal carcinoma cell lines while p53 was detected in the cytoplasmic fraction of six of the eight cell lines. Exceptions were the cytoplasmic fractions of p53 wild-type cell line (HCT-8) and the p53 deficient cell line (HCT-116 397.2). p53 was also detected in the nuclear fr ...
... fractions of all the colorectal carcinoma cell lines while p53 was detected in the cytoplasmic fraction of six of the eight cell lines. Exceptions were the cytoplasmic fractions of p53 wild-type cell line (HCT-8) and the p53 deficient cell line (HCT-116 397.2). p53 was also detected in the nuclear fr ...
Aluminum-Induced 133-ß-D-Glucan Inhibits Cell
... Symplastic intercellular transport in plants is achieved by plasmodesmata (PD). These cytoplasmic channels are well known to interconnect plant cells to facilitate intercellular movement of water, nutrients, and signaling molecules including hormones. However, it is not known whether Al may affect t ...
... Symplastic intercellular transport in plants is achieved by plasmodesmata (PD). These cytoplasmic channels are well known to interconnect plant cells to facilitate intercellular movement of water, nutrients, and signaling molecules including hormones. However, it is not known whether Al may affect t ...
29.9 Tanaka
... membranes or spherical lipid vesicles because it makes it possible to carry out experiments and use analytical methods that are difficult or impossible to use with other model systems. For example, methods such as total interference fluorescence11,12, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)13, Fourier-tran ...
... membranes or spherical lipid vesicles because it makes it possible to carry out experiments and use analytical methods that are difficult or impossible to use with other model systems. For example, methods such as total interference fluorescence11,12, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)13, Fourier-tran ...
magnesium • sulphur • potassium
... • Potassium (20%) – essential to numerous functions including cell water regulation and enzyme activation • Sulphur (17%) – for photosynthesis and essential amino acids for proteins including key enzymes • Magnesium (7%) – provides the core of chlorophyll for photosynthesis. MiSK chip is an effec ...
... • Potassium (20%) – essential to numerous functions including cell water regulation and enzyme activation • Sulphur (17%) – for photosynthesis and essential amino acids for proteins including key enzymes • Magnesium (7%) – provides the core of chlorophyll for photosynthesis. MiSK chip is an effec ...
Relationship between neurotransmitter release and cytosolic free
... On the contrary, PMA, OAG and pHMBS (Table 1) release large amounts of [3H]dopamine without requiring a rise in [Ca2+],,and morphological evidence indicates that with these drugs the release is due to exocytosis: the density of secretory granules is decreased in parallel with the release of [3H]dopa ...
... On the contrary, PMA, OAG and pHMBS (Table 1) release large amounts of [3H]dopamine without requiring a rise in [Ca2+],,and morphological evidence indicates that with these drugs the release is due to exocytosis: the density of secretory granules is decreased in parallel with the release of [3H]dopa ...
Microtechnologies for Cell Microenvironment Control and
... The term “cell microenvironment” involves those factors that directly or indirectly affect cell behavior, by biophysical, biochemical or other pathways. As previously stated, those factors can be classified in: ECM, cells surrounding a single cell, soluble factors, topography or physical properties ...
... The term “cell microenvironment” involves those factors that directly or indirectly affect cell behavior, by biophysical, biochemical or other pathways. As previously stated, those factors can be classified in: ECM, cells surrounding a single cell, soluble factors, topography or physical properties ...
Modulation of T cell signaling by the actin cytoskeleton
... achieve accurate T cell activation, and each of these activities is dependent on the actin cytoskeleton. The actin cytoskeleton is a filamentous network known to provide mechanical forces for cell polarization and motility, to scaffold proteins for binding and assembly and also to transport molecule ...
... achieve accurate T cell activation, and each of these activities is dependent on the actin cytoskeleton. The actin cytoskeleton is a filamentous network known to provide mechanical forces for cell polarization and motility, to scaffold proteins for binding and assembly and also to transport molecule ...
Assay of Enzymes with Insoluble or Unknown - Beilstein
... the natural substrates should be used, even if they are unstable, insoluble or expensive to produce. The assay method should reflect the conditions (pH, ionic strength, protein concentrations, etc.) in the cell for which the metabolism is being reconstructed. Ideally the flux through the enzyme shou ...
... the natural substrates should be used, even if they are unstable, insoluble or expensive to produce. The assay method should reflect the conditions (pH, ionic strength, protein concentrations, etc.) in the cell for which the metabolism is being reconstructed. Ideally the flux through the enzyme shou ...
Journal of Medical Microbiology
... repair of DNA damage caused by exposure to a low pH or reactive oxygen species produced by immune cells during bacterial infections [17]. Recently it was found that H. pylori binds with high af®nity to the glycosaminoglycans such as heparin and heparan sulphate, and to heparin-dependent growth facto ...
... repair of DNA damage caused by exposure to a low pH or reactive oxygen species produced by immune cells during bacterial infections [17]. Recently it was found that H. pylori binds with high af®nity to the glycosaminoglycans such as heparin and heparan sulphate, and to heparin-dependent growth facto ...
Plant Cytokinesis Is Orchestrated by the Sequential Action of the
... The TRAPPII complex is required for cell plate biogenesis, and the exocyst is required for cell plate maturation. The TRAPPII complex sorts plasma membrane proteins, including exocyst subunits, at the cell plate throughout cytokinesis. We show that the two tethering complexes physically interact and ...
... The TRAPPII complex is required for cell plate biogenesis, and the exocyst is required for cell plate maturation. The TRAPPII complex sorts plasma membrane proteins, including exocyst subunits, at the cell plate throughout cytokinesis. We show that the two tethering complexes physically interact and ...
Asymmetric cell division in C. elegans - Development
... 4588 J. Whangbo, J. Harris and C. Kenyon promote anterior migration by activating a separate, undefined pathway. egl-20 is expressed by a small group of cells in the posterior body region. However, despite this localized expression in the animal, EGL-20 does not act as a positiondependent morphogen ...
... 4588 J. Whangbo, J. Harris and C. Kenyon promote anterior migration by activating a separate, undefined pathway. egl-20 is expressed by a small group of cells in the posterior body region. However, despite this localized expression in the animal, EGL-20 does not act as a positiondependent morphogen ...
Hormonal control of cell division and elongation
... (KRP1) and KIP-RELATED PROTEIN 2 (KRP2), were reduced by treatment with 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), which induces simultaneous formation of lateral roots. In other words, KRP1 and KRP2 prevent pericycle cells from proliferating under normal conditions; this idea is supported by the fact that the ...
... (KRP1) and KIP-RELATED PROTEIN 2 (KRP2), were reduced by treatment with 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), which induces simultaneous formation of lateral roots. In other words, KRP1 and KRP2 prevent pericycle cells from proliferating under normal conditions; this idea is supported by the fact that the ...
Cytosol
![](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Crowded_cytosol.png?width=300)
The cytosol or intracellular fluid (ICF) or cytoplasmic matrix is the liquid found inside cells. It is separated into compartments by membranes. For example, the mitochondrial matrix separates the mitochondrion into many compartments.In the eukaryotic cell, the cytosol is within the cell membrane and is part of the cytoplasm, which also comprises the mitochondria, plastids, and other organelles (but not their internal fluids and structures); the cell nucleus is separate. In prokaryotes, most of the chemical reactions of metabolism take place in the cytosol, while a few take place in membranes or in the periplasmic space. In eukaryotes, while many metabolic pathways still occur in the cytosol, others are contained within organelles.The cytosol is a complex mixture of substances dissolved in water. Although water forms the large majority of the cytosol, its structure and properties within cells is not well understood. The concentrations of ions such as sodium and potassium are different in the cytosol than in the extracellular fluid; these differences in ion levels are important in processes such as osmoregulation, cell signaling, and the generation of action potentials in excitable cells such as endocrine, nerve and muscle cells. The cytosol also contains large amounts of macromolecules, which can alter how molecules behave, through macromolecular crowding.Although it was once thought to be a simple solution of molecules, the cytosol has multiple levels of organization. These include concentration gradients of small molecules such as calcium, large complexes of enzymes that act together to carry out metabolic pathways, and protein complexes such as proteasomes and carboxysomes that enclose and separate parts of the cytosol.