the cell cycle in action - Oxford Academic
... finger (CUL3-BTB/POZ); UV-damaged DNA binding protein 1 (CUL4-DDB1) and the anaphase-promoting complex/ cyclosome (APC/C). In the case of plants, the number of E3 ligases is much higher than in other eukaryotes (yeast and mammals for example), also suggesting a broader number of targets that might b ...
... finger (CUL3-BTB/POZ); UV-damaged DNA binding protein 1 (CUL4-DDB1) and the anaphase-promoting complex/ cyclosome (APC/C). In the case of plants, the number of E3 ligases is much higher than in other eukaryotes (yeast and mammals for example), also suggesting a broader number of targets that might b ...
Lipid raft–associated protein sorting in exosomes
... the low-density fractions. The Src tyrosine kinase Lyn and flotillin-1 revealed by Western blot, and the ganglioside GM1 detected by dot blot with the use of peroxidase-cholera toxin B, were found in the same fractions with a similar effect of n-octyl--D-glucopyranoside on their distribution (not s ...
... the low-density fractions. The Src tyrosine kinase Lyn and flotillin-1 revealed by Western blot, and the ganglioside GM1 detected by dot blot with the use of peroxidase-cholera toxin B, were found in the same fractions with a similar effect of n-octyl--D-glucopyranoside on their distribution (not s ...
Heart Failure and Protein Quality Control
... (PA28) proteasomes to the 20S activates the proteasome. Although 11S binding does not require ATP, the association of the 19S and 20S particles to form the 26S proteasome is ATP dependent. Unfolding the substrate protein and channeling it into the 20S proteasome by the base of 19S proteasomes also r ...
... (PA28) proteasomes to the 20S activates the proteasome. Although 11S binding does not require ATP, the association of the 19S and 20S particles to form the 26S proteasome is ATP dependent. Unfolding the substrate protein and channeling it into the 20S proteasome by the base of 19S proteasomes also r ...
A myosin inhibitor impairs auxin
... day 8. During the second phase of the culture cycle, the frequency of unicellular files gradually recovers to the initial situation. At day 8, the majority of files consists of four or more cells. These files disintegrate subsequently, causing the recovery in the frequency of singular cells. In the ...
... day 8. During the second phase of the culture cycle, the frequency of unicellular files gradually recovers to the initial situation. At day 8, the majority of files consists of four or more cells. These files disintegrate subsequently, causing the recovery in the frequency of singular cells. In the ...
Induction of Kranz Anatomy and C4-like
... The amphibious leafless sedge Eleocharis vivipara develops C4-like traits as well as Kranz anatomy under terrestrial conditions, but it develops C3-like traits without Kranz anatomy under submerged conditions. When submerged plants are exposed to aerial conditions, they rapidly produce new photosynt ...
... The amphibious leafless sedge Eleocharis vivipara develops C4-like traits as well as Kranz anatomy under terrestrial conditions, but it develops C3-like traits without Kranz anatomy under submerged conditions. When submerged plants are exposed to aerial conditions, they rapidly produce new photosynt ...
Cell cycle exit during terminal erythroid differentiation is associated
... to elicit G1 growth arrest. Further, the data imply that p21Cip1 may have a function independent of growth arrest during erythroid differentiation. (Blood. 2000;96:2746-2754) © 2000 by The American Society of Hematology ...
... to elicit G1 growth arrest. Further, the data imply that p21Cip1 may have a function independent of growth arrest during erythroid differentiation. (Blood. 2000;96:2746-2754) © 2000 by The American Society of Hematology ...
Roles for Rice Membrane Dynamics and Plasmodesmata during
... produce movement proteins (MPs) that increase the size exclusion limit of plasmodesmata without noticeable structural changes (Zambryski and Crawford, 2000). MPs act as molecular chaperones and assist single-stranded viral nucleic acids to move through plasmodesmata. For some viruses, the movement o ...
... produce movement proteins (MPs) that increase the size exclusion limit of plasmodesmata without noticeable structural changes (Zambryski and Crawford, 2000). MPs act as molecular chaperones and assist single-stranded viral nucleic acids to move through plasmodesmata. For some viruses, the movement o ...
Asymmetric Cell Division as a Route to Reduction in Cell Length
... Trypanosoma brucei life cycle has been characterised in further detail through the use of cell cycle stage specific markers. The cell cycle leading to the asymmetric division includes an exquisitely synchronised mitosis and exchange in relative location of organelles along the anterior—posterior axi ...
... Trypanosoma brucei life cycle has been characterised in further detail through the use of cell cycle stage specific markers. The cell cycle leading to the asymmetric division includes an exquisitely synchronised mitosis and exchange in relative location of organelles along the anterior—posterior axi ...
Sample pages 2 PDF
... cells and tissues. In humans, the primary structural material is fibrous collagen. This protein is not only stiff, but it can store elastic energy during locomotion and in this manner allow for fast efficient running. In species that do not locomote or fly, other structural materials have evolved inclu ...
... cells and tissues. In humans, the primary structural material is fibrous collagen. This protein is not only stiff, but it can store elastic energy during locomotion and in this manner allow for fast efficient running. In species that do not locomote or fly, other structural materials have evolved inclu ...
Co-translational Targeting and Translocation of the Amino Terminus
... ribosome-nascent peptide complexes (35). The translation was diluted with buffer (physiologic or high salt) and centrifuged through a similarly buffered sucrose cushion. Both the physiological as well as the salt-washed RBOp were then incubated with ER membranes and supplemented as indicated. RBOp t ...
... ribosome-nascent peptide complexes (35). The translation was diluted with buffer (physiologic or high salt) and centrifuged through a similarly buffered sucrose cushion. Both the physiological as well as the salt-washed RBOp were then incubated with ER membranes and supplemented as indicated. RBOp t ...
the Cell
... reactants must collide with and bind to a particular enzyme • The frequency of such collisions is greatly increased by higher concentrations of enzymes and reactants • As cell size increases, the number of molecules increase proportionately with volume © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
... reactants must collide with and bind to a particular enzyme • The frequency of such collisions is greatly increased by higher concentrations of enzymes and reactants • As cell size increases, the number of molecules increase proportionately with volume © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
FLASH CARDS
... cell membranes from areas where the concentration of particles is high to areas where the concentration of particles is low ...
... cell membranes from areas where the concentration of particles is high to areas where the concentration of particles is low ...
An Abscisic Acid-Activated and Calcium-lndependent
... ABA Activates a 48-kD Serine/Threonine Protein Kinase from Guard Cell Protoplasts in a Ca2+-lndependent Manner The routine yield of guard cell protoplasts (GCPs) from 30 leaflets of fava bean was ~5 x 106 with 99.9% purity (calculated on a cell basis by counting a sample of ~6000 cells). The purifie ...
... ABA Activates a 48-kD Serine/Threonine Protein Kinase from Guard Cell Protoplasts in a Ca2+-lndependent Manner The routine yield of guard cell protoplasts (GCPs) from 30 leaflets of fava bean was ~5 x 106 with 99.9% purity (calculated on a cell basis by counting a sample of ~6000 cells). The purifie ...
CYTOKINESIS IN HIGHER PLANTS
... endomembrane distribution of the endocytic tracer FM4-64 makes the latter possibility less likely as both Golgi stacks and cell plate are labeled only 30–60 min after uptake of the tracer (10). The machinery involved in the formation of cytokinetic vesicles has not been identified. However, the follo ...
... endomembrane distribution of the endocytic tracer FM4-64 makes the latter possibility less likely as both Golgi stacks and cell plate are labeled only 30–60 min after uptake of the tracer (10). The machinery involved in the formation of cytokinetic vesicles has not been identified. However, the follo ...
Cross-Presentation Proteases in MHC Class I Presentation and
... case; however, caution is warranted in interpreting these results because, at the concentrations used in these studies, most proteasome inhibitors do not block all of the proteasome’s active sites (18). Therefore, in the presence of these inhibitors, proteasomes may still be making cleavages that ge ...
... case; however, caution is warranted in interpreting these results because, at the concentrations used in these studies, most proteasome inhibitors do not block all of the proteasome’s active sites (18). Therefore, in the presence of these inhibitors, proteasomes may still be making cleavages that ge ...
NUCLEAR PROTEIN KINASE ACTIVITIES DURING THE CELL
... Fig. 1. N u c l e a r p r o t e i n kinase a c t i v i t y t h r o u g h o u t t h e cell c y c l e of H e L a S 3 cells. (a) M o n i t o r i n g cell cyle stages. I n c o r p o r a t i o n of [ 2 - 1 4 C ] t h y m i d i n e i n t o D N A at v a r i o u s t i m e s a f t e r selective d e t a c h m ...
... Fig. 1. N u c l e a r p r o t e i n kinase a c t i v i t y t h r o u g h o u t t h e cell c y c l e of H e L a S 3 cells. (a) M o n i t o r i n g cell cyle stages. I n c o r p o r a t i o n of [ 2 - 1 4 C ] t h y m i d i n e i n t o D N A at v a r i o u s t i m e s a f t e r selective d e t a c h m ...
Cytokinesis in Higher Plants
... endomembrane distribution of the endocytic tracer FM4-64 makes the latter possibility less likely as both Golgi stacks and cell plate are labeled only 30–60 min after uptake of the tracer (10). The machinery involved in the formation of cytokinetic vesicles has not been identified. However, the follo ...
... endomembrane distribution of the endocytic tracer FM4-64 makes the latter possibility less likely as both Golgi stacks and cell plate are labeled only 30–60 min after uptake of the tracer (10). The machinery involved in the formation of cytokinetic vesicles has not been identified. However, the follo ...
sv-lncs - School of Mathematical and Computer Sciences
... neighbour search [16], while we here use depth-first search, i.e. the protein graph is searched starting from the seed node, which is the highest weighted node, followed by recursively traversing the graph outwards from the seed node, identifying new module members according to the given NWP (Node W ...
... neighbour search [16], while we here use depth-first search, i.e. the protein graph is searched starting from the seed node, which is the highest weighted node, followed by recursively traversing the graph outwards from the seed node, identifying new module members according to the given NWP (Node W ...
Interactions between plant endomembrane systems and the actin
... actin cytoskeleton, which is closely associated with the ER network (Boevink et al., 1998; Sparkes et al., 2011). There is some evidence that microtubules also influence the mobility of the ER, but to a lesser extent or at a much slower rate (Hamada et al., 2014). Myosin XI isoforms (13 isoforms in ...
... actin cytoskeleton, which is closely associated with the ER network (Boevink et al., 1998; Sparkes et al., 2011). There is some evidence that microtubules also influence the mobility of the ER, but to a lesser extent or at a much slower rate (Hamada et al., 2014). Myosin XI isoforms (13 isoforms in ...
AtSpc98p and plant microtubule nucleation
... The molecular mechanisms responsible for microtubule (MT) nucleation have not yet been identified in higher plants. Unlike other eukaryotic cells, no centrosome-like organelles are present to nucleate MT assembly. In animal cells, the centrosome functions as a microtubule-organizing center (MTOC), a ...
... The molecular mechanisms responsible for microtubule (MT) nucleation have not yet been identified in higher plants. Unlike other eukaryotic cells, no centrosome-like organelles are present to nucleate MT assembly. In animal cells, the centrosome functions as a microtubule-organizing center (MTOC), a ...
“molecular” versus “colloidal”: controversies in biology and
... regarded as supporting the view that the so-called high molecular weight substances were in fact aggregates of small crystalline units (micelles, see below). Emil Fischer, arguably the most eminent organic chemist at the turn of the 20th century, contributed to chemists’ neglect and rejection of the ...
... regarded as supporting the view that the so-called high molecular weight substances were in fact aggregates of small crystalline units (micelles, see below). Emil Fischer, arguably the most eminent organic chemist at the turn of the 20th century, contributed to chemists’ neglect and rejection of the ...
Role of the spindle pole body of yeast in mediating assembly of the
... proteins were then investigated by ¯uorescence microscopy. A few of these proteins could not be detected at all, while some were found to localize either to the nucleus or to spores. One protein, which we named Don1p, encoded by the open reading frame (ORF) YDR273w, seemed to localize speci®cally to ...
... proteins were then investigated by ¯uorescence microscopy. A few of these proteins could not be detected at all, while some were found to localize either to the nucleus or to spores. One protein, which we named Don1p, encoded by the open reading frame (ORF) YDR273w, seemed to localize speci®cally to ...
Studying Cell–Surface Interactions In Vitro: A Survey of
... for their ability to promote cell adhesion and to support or even induce cellular functionalities. A set of experimental approaches has been used in the past to evaluate the cyto-compatibility of a given surface. These established techniques cover a significant range of technical sophistication comp ...
... for their ability to promote cell adhesion and to support or even induce cellular functionalities. A set of experimental approaches has been used in the past to evaluate the cyto-compatibility of a given surface. These established techniques cover a significant range of technical sophistication comp ...
Structure and Nanostructure of the Outer Tangential Epidermal Cell
... 105 pathogenic and/or spoilage microorganisms (for instance by blanching or by high power ultrasonic treatment) followed by refrigerated storage or osmotic dehydration (according to the shelf life intended) could be an alternative to freezing and controlled atmosphere preservation methods. However, ...
... 105 pathogenic and/or spoilage microorganisms (for instance by blanching or by high power ultrasonic treatment) followed by refrigerated storage or osmotic dehydration (according to the shelf life intended) could be an alternative to freezing and controlled atmosphere preservation methods. However, ...
Cytosol
The cytosol or intracellular fluid (ICF) or cytoplasmic matrix is the liquid found inside cells. It is separated into compartments by membranes. For example, the mitochondrial matrix separates the mitochondrion into many compartments.In the eukaryotic cell, the cytosol is within the cell membrane and is part of the cytoplasm, which also comprises the mitochondria, plastids, and other organelles (but not their internal fluids and structures); the cell nucleus is separate. In prokaryotes, most of the chemical reactions of metabolism take place in the cytosol, while a few take place in membranes or in the periplasmic space. In eukaryotes, while many metabolic pathways still occur in the cytosol, others are contained within organelles.The cytosol is a complex mixture of substances dissolved in water. Although water forms the large majority of the cytosol, its structure and properties within cells is not well understood. The concentrations of ions such as sodium and potassium are different in the cytosol than in the extracellular fluid; these differences in ion levels are important in processes such as osmoregulation, cell signaling, and the generation of action potentials in excitable cells such as endocrine, nerve and muscle cells. The cytosol also contains large amounts of macromolecules, which can alter how molecules behave, through macromolecular crowding.Although it was once thought to be a simple solution of molecules, the cytosol has multiple levels of organization. These include concentration gradients of small molecules such as calcium, large complexes of enzymes that act together to carry out metabolic pathways, and protein complexes such as proteasomes and carboxysomes that enclose and separate parts of the cytosol.