Morphology and LPS content for the estimation of marine
... SUMMARY: The abundance, morphotypes and biomass of the bacterial assemblages were investigated in the Ionian Sea by using two different methods: the epifluorescent microscopy technique for enumerating and sizing bacterial cells, and the determination of bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Five bact ...
... SUMMARY: The abundance, morphotypes and biomass of the bacterial assemblages were investigated in the Ionian Sea by using two different methods: the epifluorescent microscopy technique for enumerating and sizing bacterial cells, and the determination of bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Five bact ...
A Cytoplasm to Vacuole Targeting Pathway in P. pastoris
... of proteins involved in all autophagy‑related pathways (PpAtg5, PpAtg8, PpAtg9, and PpVps15), or in the absence of two proteins (PpAtg11 and PpVac8) required only for the Cvt pathway in S. cerevisiae (Fig. 2A and B). Whereas in wild‑type cells, PpApe1‑CFP showed substantial maturation and localized ...
... of proteins involved in all autophagy‑related pathways (PpAtg5, PpAtg8, PpAtg9, and PpVps15), or in the absence of two proteins (PpAtg11 and PpVac8) required only for the Cvt pathway in S. cerevisiae (Fig. 2A and B). Whereas in wild‑type cells, PpApe1‑CFP showed substantial maturation and localized ...
Surface probe measurements of the elasticity of sectioned tissue
... with matrix elasticity, where length scale effects normal to the substrate are also considered together with lateral accuracy. AFM is a useful surface probe method not only for probing cell culture substrates but also for probing the elasticity of cells and perhaps even tissues that previously have ...
... with matrix elasticity, where length scale effects normal to the substrate are also considered together with lateral accuracy. AFM is a useful surface probe method not only for probing cell culture substrates but also for probing the elasticity of cells and perhaps even tissues that previously have ...
Document
... Gel Filtration Resin. When starting protein purification, technicians sometimes use a gel-filtration (size-exclusion) column first. They know the molecular weight of their protein, so they can often eliminate several contaminant proteins by a quick run through a sizing column. ...
... Gel Filtration Resin. When starting protein purification, technicians sometimes use a gel-filtration (size-exclusion) column first. They know the molecular weight of their protein, so they can often eliminate several contaminant proteins by a quick run through a sizing column. ...
Brassinosteroids Regulate Plasma Membrane Anion Channels in
... thaliana suspension cells (Shimaoka et al. 2004). Ion transport systems are often associated with plant hormone signaling pathways as an important early component of plant cell responses to specific stimulation, including growth and development, but little is known about the action of BRs on ion flu ...
... thaliana suspension cells (Shimaoka et al. 2004). Ion transport systems are often associated with plant hormone signaling pathways as an important early component of plant cell responses to specific stimulation, including growth and development, but little is known about the action of BRs on ion flu ...
Characterization of Membrane Components of the Erythrocyte
... erythrocytes washed three times in PBS. The cells were incubated at 37 °C for 1 h, in the presence or absence of various enzymes, solubilized in PBS. They were collected by centrifugation and washed three times with PBS before being used for virus HA and He studies. Only cells treated with phospholi ...
... erythrocytes washed three times in PBS. The cells were incubated at 37 °C for 1 h, in the presence or absence of various enzymes, solubilized in PBS. They were collected by centrifugation and washed three times with PBS before being used for virus HA and He studies. Only cells treated with phospholi ...
The structure of secondary cell wall polymers: how
... reminiscent of the linkage unit of certain teichoic acids (Araki & Ito, 1989). However, in the ‘non-classical’ SCWPs this motif is repeated several times, thus constituting the entire glycan moiety of those SCWPs. Pyruvic-acid-containing SCWPs have also been reported for the S-layer carrying organis ...
... reminiscent of the linkage unit of certain teichoic acids (Araki & Ito, 1989). However, in the ‘non-classical’ SCWPs this motif is repeated several times, thus constituting the entire glycan moiety of those SCWPs. Pyruvic-acid-containing SCWPs have also been reported for the S-layer carrying organis ...
Membrane traffic and fusion at post-Golgi compartments
... with both α-TIP and γ-TIP in various differentiated tissues (also reviewed in Frigerio et al., 2008). According to Sohn et al. (2007), a mutation of TFL1, a shoot meristem identity gene involved in flower development, results in defects in PSV trafficking. TFL1 is not only located at the PM and a PSV- ...
... with both α-TIP and γ-TIP in various differentiated tissues (also reviewed in Frigerio et al., 2008). According to Sohn et al. (2007), a mutation of TFL1, a shoot meristem identity gene involved in flower development, results in defects in PSV trafficking. TFL1 is not only located at the PM and a PSV- ...
Plk4/SAK/ZYG-1 in the regulation of centriole
... of Plk4/SAK/ZYG-1 protein kinases has begun to describe the complexity of this process. Perhaps the most intriguing feature of these studies is the observation that Plk4/SAK activity peaks at mitosis and promotes maintenance of Sas6 during this same time in the cell cycle. While both of these protei ...
... of Plk4/SAK/ZYG-1 protein kinases has begun to describe the complexity of this process. Perhaps the most intriguing feature of these studies is the observation that Plk4/SAK activity peaks at mitosis and promotes maintenance of Sas6 during this same time in the cell cycle. While both of these protei ...
Molecular regulation of the diatom cell cycle
... iron requirement and acquisition pathways and by the use of ferritin to maintain internal iron storage (Allen et al., 2008; Marchetti et al., 2009). A general strategy in eukaryotes to couple nutrient sensing to cell division occurs through the TOR (target of rapamycin) signalling pathway or through ...
... iron requirement and acquisition pathways and by the use of ferritin to maintain internal iron storage (Allen et al., 2008; Marchetti et al., 2009). A general strategy in eukaryotes to couple nutrient sensing to cell division occurs through the TOR (target of rapamycin) signalling pathway or through ...
Using glyco-engineering to produce therapeutic proteins
... important role for protein folding, solubility, and intracellular trafficking. Glycans can shield the protein backbone to prevent immunogenic reactions and distinct cellular recognition events depend on the presence of specific glycan structures. Thus, glycosylation has a huge impact on the biologic ...
... important role for protein folding, solubility, and intracellular trafficking. Glycans can shield the protein backbone to prevent immunogenic reactions and distinct cellular recognition events depend on the presence of specific glycan structures. Thus, glycosylation has a huge impact on the biologic ...
The C-terminal end of R-Ras contains a focal adhesion targeting
... R-Ras uses the endomembrane transport route To investigate the targeting of R-Ras, we constructed constitutive active (38V) and dominant-negative (43N) mutants of R-Ras and tagged them to EGFP. Western blot analysis of Hela cell extracts harbouring these constructs showed the presence of a 55 kDa pr ...
... R-Ras uses the endomembrane transport route To investigate the targeting of R-Ras, we constructed constitutive active (38V) and dominant-negative (43N) mutants of R-Ras and tagged them to EGFP. Western blot analysis of Hela cell extracts harbouring these constructs showed the presence of a 55 kDa pr ...
Microbiology of the Rumen - Iowa State University: Animal Science
... • Starch digestion varies with source, processing and other dietary components • ND soluble fiber usually rapidly fermented, but not at low rumen pH ...
... • Starch digestion varies with source, processing and other dietary components • ND soluble fiber usually rapidly fermented, but not at low rumen pH ...
chaudhari_project _2
... for some metabolites pseudo steady state approximations have to be made to eliminate some fluxes. In such case some prior metabolic information about the network would be helpful in making choice. ...
... for some metabolites pseudo steady state approximations have to be made to eliminate some fluxes. In such case some prior metabolic information about the network would be helpful in making choice. ...
"Unusual" modifications and variations of
... The structural elucidation of these novel chains is under way. Conclusions and future prospects Modern-day scientists are often accused of not being able to 'see the forest for the trees', that is, we spend so much time focused on the details of our particular systems that we fail to see the bigger ...
... The structural elucidation of these novel chains is under way. Conclusions and future prospects Modern-day scientists are often accused of not being able to 'see the forest for the trees', that is, we spend so much time focused on the details of our particular systems that we fail to see the bigger ...
digitalis - Circulation
... doses of digitalis which produce increases in diastolic tension (contracture) are associated with a net uptake of Ca+ + by the cell.26 At glycoside levels which produce positive inotropism without contracture it has been possible to demonstrate clearly that the exchangeability or "turnover" of Ca+ + ...
... doses of digitalis which produce increases in diastolic tension (contracture) are associated with a net uptake of Ca+ + by the cell.26 At glycoside levels which produce positive inotropism without contracture it has been possible to demonstrate clearly that the exchangeability or "turnover" of Ca+ + ...
occasional article intracellular protein degradation: from a vague
... have been implicated in the pathogenesis of human disease, such as malignancies and neurodegenerative disorders, which led subsequently to an increasing effort to develop mechanism-based drugs. ...
... have been implicated in the pathogenesis of human disease, such as malignancies and neurodegenerative disorders, which led subsequently to an increasing effort to develop mechanism-based drugs. ...
the Sec7 family of guanine-nucleotide- exchange factors
... inactive, abortive complex. A separate subclass of Sec7-domain proteins is involved in signal transduction and possess a domain that mediates membrane binding in response to extracellular signals. ...
... inactive, abortive complex. A separate subclass of Sec7-domain proteins is involved in signal transduction and possess a domain that mediates membrane binding in response to extracellular signals. ...
Lipids
... Substance which are given by hydrolysis of simple and complex lipids. Substance which are insoluble in water but soluble in nonpolar solvents as : Fatty acids. Glycerol Steroids Alcohols Ketone bodies Fatty aldehydes ...
... Substance which are given by hydrolysis of simple and complex lipids. Substance which are insoluble in water but soluble in nonpolar solvents as : Fatty acids. Glycerol Steroids Alcohols Ketone bodies Fatty aldehydes ...
Symmetry, asymmetry, and the cell cycle in plants: known knowns
... discuss some of the available knowledge and open questions on how symmetry and asymmetry appear in several conspicuous plant cells and tissues. We focus, where possible, on the role of genes that participate in the maintenance or the breaking of symmetry and that are directly or indirectly related t ...
... discuss some of the available knowledge and open questions on how symmetry and asymmetry appear in several conspicuous plant cells and tissues. We focus, where possible, on the role of genes that participate in the maintenance or the breaking of symmetry and that are directly or indirectly related t ...
pdf: Xu et al. 2008
... The altered pattern of cell expansion in the fei1 fei2 mutants suggests a defect in cell wall function. As cortical microtubules have been implicated in regulating anisotropic growth, we examined their arrangement in epidermal cells of wild-type and fei1 fei2 roots using an anti-a-tubulin antibody. ...
... The altered pattern of cell expansion in the fei1 fei2 mutants suggests a defect in cell wall function. As cortical microtubules have been implicated in regulating anisotropic growth, we examined their arrangement in epidermal cells of wild-type and fei1 fei2 roots using an anti-a-tubulin antibody. ...
Advances in affinity purification mass spectrometry of
... mostly used by the splicing field to keep spliceosomal activity intact after cell breakage, and often this was achieved with a pestle and mortar cooled with liquid N2 or a coffee grinder, grinding frozen cell material [22]. In recent years, more sophisticated equipment such as cryomills have been us ...
... mostly used by the splicing field to keep spliceosomal activity intact after cell breakage, and often this was achieved with a pestle and mortar cooled with liquid N2 or a coffee grinder, grinding frozen cell material [22]. In recent years, more sophisticated equipment such as cryomills have been us ...
Cell cycle progression in response to oxygen levels | SpringerLink
... HIF2α was shown to engage mTORC1 activity, and promote cell proliferation via the regulation of the amino acid transporter, SLC7A5 [73]. These findings suggest that HIF2α may play a critical role in promoting cell proliferation in hypoxia. As well as regulating the transcription of a multitude of di ...
... HIF2α was shown to engage mTORC1 activity, and promote cell proliferation via the regulation of the amino acid transporter, SLC7A5 [73]. These findings suggest that HIF2α may play a critical role in promoting cell proliferation in hypoxia. As well as regulating the transcription of a multitude of di ...
Cytosol
The cytosol or intracellular fluid (ICF) or cytoplasmic matrix is the liquid found inside cells. It is separated into compartments by membranes. For example, the mitochondrial matrix separates the mitochondrion into many compartments.In the eukaryotic cell, the cytosol is within the cell membrane and is part of the cytoplasm, which also comprises the mitochondria, plastids, and other organelles (but not their internal fluids and structures); the cell nucleus is separate. In prokaryotes, most of the chemical reactions of metabolism take place in the cytosol, while a few take place in membranes or in the periplasmic space. In eukaryotes, while many metabolic pathways still occur in the cytosol, others are contained within organelles.The cytosol is a complex mixture of substances dissolved in water. Although water forms the large majority of the cytosol, its structure and properties within cells is not well understood. The concentrations of ions such as sodium and potassium are different in the cytosol than in the extracellular fluid; these differences in ion levels are important in processes such as osmoregulation, cell signaling, and the generation of action potentials in excitable cells such as endocrine, nerve and muscle cells. The cytosol also contains large amounts of macromolecules, which can alter how molecules behave, through macromolecular crowding.Although it was once thought to be a simple solution of molecules, the cytosol has multiple levels of organization. These include concentration gradients of small molecules such as calcium, large complexes of enzymes that act together to carry out metabolic pathways, and protein complexes such as proteasomes and carboxysomes that enclose and separate parts of the cytosol.