Integrin cytoplasmic domain-binding proteins
... a yeast two-hybrid screen for β1-tail-binding protein. It localizes to focal adhesions in a manner dependent on both the C-terminal domain, which contains the integrin-binding site, and the most N-terminal ankyrin repeat (Wu, 1999). This repeat is responsible for binding the LIM domain protein PINCH ...
... a yeast two-hybrid screen for β1-tail-binding protein. It localizes to focal adhesions in a manner dependent on both the C-terminal domain, which contains the integrin-binding site, and the most N-terminal ankyrin repeat (Wu, 1999). This repeat is responsible for binding the LIM domain protein PINCH ...
Cell-penetrating peptides and antimicrobial peptides: how different
... can be classified as pore-dependent and pore-independent, the former being the most usual. In fact, there are relatively few AMPs that do not exert their main function via cell lysis, membrane permeabilization or other forms of bilayer disruption. Few AMPs attack internal targets, and, of those, onl ...
... can be classified as pore-dependent and pore-independent, the former being the most usual. In fact, there are relatively few AMPs that do not exert their main function via cell lysis, membrane permeabilization or other forms of bilayer disruption. Few AMPs attack internal targets, and, of those, onl ...
The proPO and clotting system in crustaceans
... The conversion of inactive proPO to active PO is by a serine protease named the prophenoloxidase activating enzyme ŽppA., which has been isolated and purified from several arthropods; from the cuticle of Bombyx mori ŽAshida and Dohke, 1980; Satoh et al., 1999. and Manduca sexta ŽJiang et al., 1998., ...
... The conversion of inactive proPO to active PO is by a serine protease named the prophenoloxidase activating enzyme ŽppA., which has been isolated and purified from several arthropods; from the cuticle of Bombyx mori ŽAshida and Dohke, 1980; Satoh et al., 1999. and Manduca sexta ŽJiang et al., 1998., ...
Author`s personal copy
... the cell cycle in the epidermis of neurula stage C. intestinalis embryos (Ogura et al., 2011). Aphidicolin (Sigma) was dissolved in DMSO and then used at a final concentration of 5 mg/ml. This concentration was able to increase interphase length from the 2 cell stage indicating that DNA synthesis was ...
... the cell cycle in the epidermis of neurula stage C. intestinalis embryos (Ogura et al., 2011). Aphidicolin (Sigma) was dissolved in DMSO and then used at a final concentration of 5 mg/ml. This concentration was able to increase interphase length from the 2 cell stage indicating that DNA synthesis was ...
The Calcium Nutrition of Cotton
... an even set of conditions. In an experiment in which 45 day old cotton plants were transferred from complete to low calcium nutrient solutions, fruiting activity stopped. Fruiting index measurements made at 90 days were 0.89 and 0.06 for the control and low calcium treated plants, respectively, In o ...
... an even set of conditions. In an experiment in which 45 day old cotton plants were transferred from complete to low calcium nutrient solutions, fruiting activity stopped. Fruiting index measurements made at 90 days were 0.89 and 0.06 for the control and low calcium treated plants, respectively, In o ...
Targeting of Active Sialyltransferase to the Plant Golgi Apparatus
... The Golgi apparatus is a central organelle in the secretory pathway of plant cells. Proteins initially inserted into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are sorted here into a range of vesicles for transport onward to the vacuole, plasma membrane, and cell wall. Moreover, the enzymes that synthesize a wi ...
... The Golgi apparatus is a central organelle in the secretory pathway of plant cells. Proteins initially inserted into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are sorted here into a range of vesicles for transport onward to the vacuole, plasma membrane, and cell wall. Moreover, the enzymes that synthesize a wi ...
Organelle size control – increasing vacuole
... by an organelle type can be altered both in absolute terms and relative to the cell surface. Because organelles remain intact during such changes and do not burst, cells might be capable of controlling the volume of the organellar boundary membrane relative to organelle content. One way in which thi ...
... by an organelle type can be altered both in absolute terms and relative to the cell surface. Because organelles remain intact during such changes and do not burst, cells might be capable of controlling the volume of the organellar boundary membrane relative to organelle content. One way in which thi ...
Membrane flow through Golgi compartments
... of the ATP pool: the levels of ATP increased by 10-15% within 15 minutes of incubation in GLUC medium and began to level off after 3 hours incubation reaching 75 to 90% of the initial levels (Fig. 1A) Energy depletion provokes the specific disassembly of the CGN by a mechanism mediated by tubular st ...
... of the ATP pool: the levels of ATP increased by 10-15% within 15 minutes of incubation in GLUC medium and began to level off after 3 hours incubation reaching 75 to 90% of the initial levels (Fig. 1A) Energy depletion provokes the specific disassembly of the CGN by a mechanism mediated by tubular st ...
The bacterial divisome: ready for its close-up
... positives and negatives and should be used mainly as a genetic screen and to generate hypotheses that can be tested more rigorously using other methods (see below). In contrast to the sequential recruitment order of divisome proteins suggested by genetic experiments, the bacterial two-hybrid studies ...
... positives and negatives and should be used mainly as a genetic screen and to generate hypotheses that can be tested more rigorously using other methods (see below). In contrast to the sequential recruitment order of divisome proteins suggested by genetic experiments, the bacterial two-hybrid studies ...
The more and smaller cells mutants of Arabidopsis
... development. In eudicot species, cell proliferation first occurs throughout the leaf primordium and is gradually restricted to the proximal part (Donnelly et al., 1999). Arrest of cell cycle and subsequent post-mitotic cell expansion occur from the distal to the proximal part of a young leaf. The re ...
... development. In eudicot species, cell proliferation first occurs throughout the leaf primordium and is gradually restricted to the proximal part (Donnelly et al., 1999). Arrest of cell cycle and subsequent post-mitotic cell expansion occur from the distal to the proximal part of a young leaf. The re ...
Medicinal Chemistry of Antifungal Agents
... The disease is usually mild, with flu-like symptoms and rashes. Blastomycosis (also known as "North American blastomycosis," "Blastomycetic dermatitis," and "Gilchrist's disease") is a fungal infection caused by the organism Blastomyces dermatitidis. can present in one of the following ways: a flu-l ...
... The disease is usually mild, with flu-like symptoms and rashes. Blastomycosis (also known as "North American blastomycosis," "Blastomycetic dermatitis," and "Gilchrist's disease") is a fungal infection caused by the organism Blastomyces dermatitidis. can present in one of the following ways: a flu-l ...
pdf - John Innes Centre
... symbiosis that occur in higher plants. Furthermore, the occurrence of root nodule symbiosis is restricted to a subgroup termed the FaFaCuRo, comprising the orders Fabales, Fagales, Cucurbitales, and Rosales (Kistner and Parniske, 2002). Judging from the distribution of nodulation in relation to the ...
... symbiosis that occur in higher plants. Furthermore, the occurrence of root nodule symbiosis is restricted to a subgroup termed the FaFaCuRo, comprising the orders Fabales, Fagales, Cucurbitales, and Rosales (Kistner and Parniske, 2002). Judging from the distribution of nodulation in relation to the ...
Prolyl isomerases are important determinants of intracellular pH
... and the proteins that regulate them. Many transporter proteins in plant cells use the electrochemical gradient across the membrane for its activity. This gradient is generated by proton pumps with the energy obtained from the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) (Palmgren, 2001). The control o ...
... and the proteins that regulate them. Many transporter proteins in plant cells use the electrochemical gradient across the membrane for its activity. This gradient is generated by proton pumps with the energy obtained from the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) (Palmgren, 2001). The control o ...
A Shift toward Smaller Cell Size via Manipulation of Cell Cycle Gene
... divisions/leaf area; termed cell division density) or a per cell basis (number of cell divisions/number of cells; termed cell division frequency). Considering the cell division density data for the pOpOFF::RBR lines, a significant (P , 0.05) increase occurred within 4 d of induction in all parts of ...
... divisions/leaf area; termed cell division density) or a per cell basis (number of cell divisions/number of cells; termed cell division frequency). Considering the cell division density data for the pOpOFF::RBR lines, a significant (P , 0.05) increase occurred within 4 d of induction in all parts of ...
Chapter 10
... taken by secreted proteins simply by labeling newly synthesized proteins with radioactive amino acids in a procedure known as a “pulse-chase” experiment. The location of the radiolabeled proteins within the cell was then determined by autoradiography and electron microscopy, revealing the cellular s ...
... taken by secreted proteins simply by labeling newly synthesized proteins with radioactive amino acids in a procedure known as a “pulse-chase” experiment. The location of the radiolabeled proteins within the cell was then determined by autoradiography and electron microscopy, revealing the cellular s ...
05 Keim
... described [14,23]. The second type of granule did not have a defined outline and did not form bubbles when viewed under TEM (Fig. 3C). This granule type was found in a single morphotype of MB [17] and contained P, O, S, Na, Mg, Ca, Fe, and, sometimes, also Cl, K, and Zn (Fig. 3D). These granules wer ...
... described [14,23]. The second type of granule did not have a defined outline and did not form bubbles when viewed under TEM (Fig. 3C). This granule type was found in a single morphotype of MB [17] and contained P, O, S, Na, Mg, Ca, Fe, and, sometimes, also Cl, K, and Zn (Fig. 3D). These granules wer ...
Trafficking of the human transferrin receptor in plant cells: effects of
... Plant cells possess much of the molecular machinery necessary for receptor-mediated endocytosis (RME), but this process still awaits detailed characterization. In order to identify a reliable and well-characterized marker to investigate RME in plant cells, we have expressed the human transferrin rec ...
... Plant cells possess much of the molecular machinery necessary for receptor-mediated endocytosis (RME), but this process still awaits detailed characterization. In order to identify a reliable and well-characterized marker to investigate RME in plant cells, we have expressed the human transferrin rec ...
Brief rapid pacing depresses contractile function via Ca
... respectively, with photomultiplier tubes. Changes of the intracellular Ca2⫹ concentration ([Ca2⫹]i) are expressed as changes in the ratio (R ⫽ F405/F485). Analysis of PKC isoenzyme expression by Western blotting. Acutely isolated cat ventricular myocytes were centrifuged (1,000 g for 10 min) and res ...
... respectively, with photomultiplier tubes. Changes of the intracellular Ca2⫹ concentration ([Ca2⫹]i) are expressed as changes in the ratio (R ⫽ F405/F485). Analysis of PKC isoenzyme expression by Western blotting. Acutely isolated cat ventricular myocytes were centrifuged (1,000 g for 10 min) and res ...
In-vivo detection of binary PKA network interactions upon activation
... β AR activity could be reversed by subsequent treatment with the non-selective βAR antagonist alprenolol (Fig. 5B). In comparison, administration of 0.9% saline showed no significant impact on PKA activation, (P = 0,0014; Supplementary Figure S1). To exclude the possibility that isoproterenol might ...
... β AR activity could be reversed by subsequent treatment with the non-selective βAR antagonist alprenolol (Fig. 5B). In comparison, administration of 0.9% saline showed no significant impact on PKA activation, (P = 0,0014; Supplementary Figure S1). To exclude the possibility that isoproterenol might ...
Brief rapid pacing depresses contractile function via Ca - AJP
... respectively, with photomultiplier tubes. Changes of the intracellular Ca2⫹ concentration ([Ca2⫹]i) are expressed as changes in the ratio (R ⫽ F405/F485). Analysis of PKC isoenzyme expression by Western blotting. Acutely isolated cat ventricular myocytes were centrifuged (1,000 g for 10 min) and res ...
... respectively, with photomultiplier tubes. Changes of the intracellular Ca2⫹ concentration ([Ca2⫹]i) are expressed as changes in the ratio (R ⫽ F405/F485). Analysis of PKC isoenzyme expression by Western blotting. Acutely isolated cat ventricular myocytes were centrifuged (1,000 g for 10 min) and res ...
The UDPase activity of the Kluyveromyces lactis Golgi GDPase has
... has also been detected in plants and hypothesized to yield GMP, the putative antiporter for GDP-fucose transport into the Golgi lumen (Wulff et al., 2000). We showed previously that the S. cerevisiae Golgi Gda1p could hydrolyze UDP, in addition to GDP, albeit at considerably slower rate. In the pres ...
... has also been detected in plants and hypothesized to yield GMP, the putative antiporter for GDP-fucose transport into the Golgi lumen (Wulff et al., 2000). We showed previously that the S. cerevisiae Golgi Gda1p could hydrolyze UDP, in addition to GDP, albeit at considerably slower rate. In the pres ...
Peptide Repertoire Class I Molecule Q10 Binds a Classical The
... more, many of the class Ib molecules exist in soluble forms that are secreted into the serum and body fluids (5, 6). Recent studies of rodent and human members of class Ib families revealed remarkable diversity of their ligands, Ag-presenting capacities, and immune as well as nonimmune functions (7– ...
... more, many of the class Ib molecules exist in soluble forms that are secreted into the serum and body fluids (5, 6). Recent studies of rodent and human members of class Ib families revealed remarkable diversity of their ligands, Ag-presenting capacities, and immune as well as nonimmune functions (7– ...
Determination of the Structure and Composition of the ` Sulphur
... organism as a capsule. This material and the mycelial mass in the centre are mineralized with calcium phosphate. ...
... organism as a capsule. This material and the mycelial mass in the centre are mineralized with calcium phosphate. ...
POM-POM2/CELLULOSE SYNTHASE
... assembled in the Golgi and transported to the cell surface where they are inserted into the plasma membrane adjacent to cortical microtubules (Crowell et al., 2009; Gutierrez et al., 2009). Apart from Golgi and plasma membrane localization, the CESAs are found in small post-Golgi compartments referr ...
... assembled in the Golgi and transported to the cell surface where they are inserted into the plasma membrane adjacent to cortical microtubules (Crowell et al., 2009; Gutierrez et al., 2009). Apart from Golgi and plasma membrane localization, the CESAs are found in small post-Golgi compartments referr ...
(ECM) Binding Sites on the Basal Surface of Embryonic Corneal
... L-[2,3aH]proline, 23.7 Ci/mmol, New England Nuclear, Boston, MA) or [3H]leucine (30 ~Ci/ml, L-[2,3,4,5-3H]leucine, 120 Ci/mmol, ICN Biomedicals Inc., Irvine, CA). After a 16-24-h incubation, the tissue and media were harvested in 0.01 M Tris (pH 7.4) with 2 mM EDTA and EGTA and protease inhibitors, ...
... L-[2,3aH]proline, 23.7 Ci/mmol, New England Nuclear, Boston, MA) or [3H]leucine (30 ~Ci/ml, L-[2,3,4,5-3H]leucine, 120 Ci/mmol, ICN Biomedicals Inc., Irvine, CA). After a 16-24-h incubation, the tissue and media were harvested in 0.01 M Tris (pH 7.4) with 2 mM EDTA and EGTA and protease inhibitors, ...
Cytosol
The cytosol or intracellular fluid (ICF) or cytoplasmic matrix is the liquid found inside cells. It is separated into compartments by membranes. For example, the mitochondrial matrix separates the mitochondrion into many compartments.In the eukaryotic cell, the cytosol is within the cell membrane and is part of the cytoplasm, which also comprises the mitochondria, plastids, and other organelles (but not their internal fluids and structures); the cell nucleus is separate. In prokaryotes, most of the chemical reactions of metabolism take place in the cytosol, while a few take place in membranes or in the periplasmic space. In eukaryotes, while many metabolic pathways still occur in the cytosol, others are contained within organelles.The cytosol is a complex mixture of substances dissolved in water. Although water forms the large majority of the cytosol, its structure and properties within cells is not well understood. The concentrations of ions such as sodium and potassium are different in the cytosol than in the extracellular fluid; these differences in ion levels are important in processes such as osmoregulation, cell signaling, and the generation of action potentials in excitable cells such as endocrine, nerve and muscle cells. The cytosol also contains large amounts of macromolecules, which can alter how molecules behave, through macromolecular crowding.Although it was once thought to be a simple solution of molecules, the cytosol has multiple levels of organization. These include concentration gradients of small molecules such as calcium, large complexes of enzymes that act together to carry out metabolic pathways, and protein complexes such as proteasomes and carboxysomes that enclose and separate parts of the cytosol.