In cellulo Evaluation of Phototransformation Quantum - HAL
... background level, laser power, frametime) adequate for an accurate determination of the phototransformation yields. Under illumination at 561 nm in PBS buffer at pH 7.4, the photobleaching yield of Dendra2 fused to actin was measured to be (2.560.4)61025, whereas the blinking-off yield and thermally ...
... background level, laser power, frametime) adequate for an accurate determination of the phototransformation yields. Under illumination at 561 nm in PBS buffer at pH 7.4, the photobleaching yield of Dendra2 fused to actin was measured to be (2.560.4)61025, whereas the blinking-off yield and thermally ...
Effect of n-butanol and cold pretreatment on the cytoskeleton and
... Degradation and recycling of these cytoplasmic components through two different pathways: the ubiquitin-26S proteosome system and autophagy (Alché et al. 2000; Maraschin et al. 2005b). In the next step, the nucleus moves from the periphery to the center of the microspore. Simultaneously, the vacuol ...
... Degradation and recycling of these cytoplasmic components through two different pathways: the ubiquitin-26S proteosome system and autophagy (Alché et al. 2000; Maraschin et al. 2005b). In the next step, the nucleus moves from the periphery to the center of the microspore. Simultaneously, the vacuol ...
Influence of Bacillus subtilis Cell Walls and EDTA on Calcite
... laboratory and field studies have demonstrated that the presence of certain bacteria influences the rate of mineral dissolution (1-4), but the dissolution mechanisms in aqueous solutions remain poorly characterized, even in abiotic systems. Bacteria are a common component in weathering environments. ...
... laboratory and field studies have demonstrated that the presence of certain bacteria influences the rate of mineral dissolution (1-4), but the dissolution mechanisms in aqueous solutions remain poorly characterized, even in abiotic systems. Bacteria are a common component in weathering environments. ...
AP Bio Ch 4 Study Guide
... a. provides a backup to the primary lysosomes. b. is smaller than a primary lysosome. c. will become a primary lysosome when it fuses with a phagosome. d. is a primary lysosome that has fused with a phagosome. e. has exocytosed. ____ 45. Lysosomes are important to eukaryotic cells because they conta ...
... a. provides a backup to the primary lysosomes. b. is smaller than a primary lysosome. c. will become a primary lysosome when it fuses with a phagosome. d. is a primary lysosome that has fused with a phagosome. e. has exocytosed. ____ 45. Lysosomes are important to eukaryotic cells because they conta ...
M6PRs are found in a subset of PC12 cell ISGs
... Carrier-free [35S]sulfate and 125I-Protein A were from AmershamPharmacia Biotech, UK. Nucleotides, creatine phosphate, and creatine phosphokinase were from Boehringer Mannheim, Germany. Casein kinase II was prepared according to the method of Litchfield et al. (1990). Heparin and horseradish peroxid ...
... Carrier-free [35S]sulfate and 125I-Protein A were from AmershamPharmacia Biotech, UK. Nucleotides, creatine phosphate, and creatine phosphokinase were from Boehringer Mannheim, Germany. Casein kinase II was prepared according to the method of Litchfield et al. (1990). Heparin and horseradish peroxid ...
Mechanics and Modeling of Plant Cell Growth
... occur when the load-bearing hemicellulose threads are cut or become detached from the microfibril because large longitudinal strains break relevant hydrogen bonds. From this model it can be deduced how the yield threshold, Y (and Pc), changes when the wall is subjected to a sudden increase in longit ...
... occur when the load-bearing hemicellulose threads are cut or become detached from the microfibril because large longitudinal strains break relevant hydrogen bonds. From this model it can be deduced how the yield threshold, Y (and Pc), changes when the wall is subjected to a sudden increase in longit ...
Treadmilling by FtsZ filaments drives peptidoglycan
... To explore the possibility that PG is processively synthesized around the division plane, we examined the motions of the division-specific PG synthases and associated cytoskeletal polymers. Total internal reflection microscopy (TIRFM) of a functional mNeonGreen-FtsZ fusion expressed from the native ...
... To explore the possibility that PG is processively synthesized around the division plane, we examined the motions of the division-specific PG synthases and associated cytoskeletal polymers. Total internal reflection microscopy (TIRFM) of a functional mNeonGreen-FtsZ fusion expressed from the native ...
Programmed cell death in C. elegans: the genetic framework
... normal cells, since ced-3 mutants are superficially indistinguishable from wild-type animals and do not show obvious morphological or behavioral abnormalities (18). However, subtle defects such as slow growth, slightly reduced brood size, and impaired chemotaxis response have been observed with ced ...
... normal cells, since ced-3 mutants are superficially indistinguishable from wild-type animals and do not show obvious morphological or behavioral abnormalities (18). However, subtle defects such as slow growth, slightly reduced brood size, and impaired chemotaxis response have been observed with ced ...
Lysosomes and Fas-mediated liver cell death
... The involvement of lysosomes in apoptosis as suggested by several studies is still highly debatable (for a review, see [1]). Lysosome-mediated apoptosis would result from a destabilization of the lysosomal membrane causing a release of cathepsins into the cytosol. These proteases would stimulate the ...
... The involvement of lysosomes in apoptosis as suggested by several studies is still highly debatable (for a review, see [1]). Lysosome-mediated apoptosis would result from a destabilization of the lysosomal membrane causing a release of cathepsins into the cytosol. These proteases would stimulate the ...
Millius et al., J. Cell Sci., 2012 - Cardiovascular Research Institute
... within 1 mm of the leading edge (Fig. 2G,H). The distribution of p40 might be more restricted than either actin or WAVE2 for several reasons: other Arp2/3 complex activators such as WASP or N-WASP in combination with WAVE2 might further bias Arp2/3 to the cell periphery, or undersampling of WAVE2 pa ...
... within 1 mm of the leading edge (Fig. 2G,H). The distribution of p40 might be more restricted than either actin or WAVE2 for several reasons: other Arp2/3 complex activators such as WASP or N-WASP in combination with WAVE2 might further bias Arp2/3 to the cell periphery, or undersampling of WAVE2 pa ...
The Human Arp2/3 Complex Is Composed of Evolutionarily
... 20-, and 16-kD subunits, all present in approximately equal stoichiometry. These subunits are referred to as p41Arc, p34-Arc, p21-Arc, p20-Arc, and p16-Arc (Arp complex). A similar Arp2/3 complex was first discovered by profilin affinity chromatography of cell extracts from Acanthamoeba castellanii ...
... 20-, and 16-kD subunits, all present in approximately equal stoichiometry. These subunits are referred to as p41Arc, p34-Arc, p21-Arc, p20-Arc, and p16-Arc (Arp complex). A similar Arp2/3 complex was first discovered by profilin affinity chromatography of cell extracts from Acanthamoeba castellanii ...
Osmotic Water Permeability of Isolated Protoplasts. Modifications
... are 40 to 120 mm in diameter. The experiments were performed on protoplasts from root, hypocotyl, and leaf. What we call the transference chamber is illustrated in Figures 1 and 2. It was designed to reduce diffusion/ convection processes by joining four cylindrical compartments with a narrow slit o ...
... are 40 to 120 mm in diameter. The experiments were performed on protoplasts from root, hypocotyl, and leaf. What we call the transference chamber is illustrated in Figures 1 and 2. It was designed to reduce diffusion/ convection processes by joining four cylindrical compartments with a narrow slit o ...
Induction of type I interferons by bacteria.
... Chlamydia muridarum both require STING for type I IFN induction in vitro (Ishikawa and Barber, 2008, Prantner et al., 2010). Many other bacteria probably require STING for type I IFN induction as it appears to function in multiple cytosolic nucleic acid sensing pathways. Cytosolic cyclic-di-GMP sens ...
... Chlamydia muridarum both require STING for type I IFN induction in vitro (Ishikawa and Barber, 2008, Prantner et al., 2010). Many other bacteria probably require STING for type I IFN induction as it appears to function in multiple cytosolic nucleic acid sensing pathways. Cytosolic cyclic-di-GMP sens ...
P1 and P2 protein heterodimer binding to the P0 protein of
... The stalk is a functional domain of the large ribosomal subunit that is directly involved in the interaction and GTPase activity of several soluble factors during translation (1). In eukaryotes, the stalk is formed by a central 32-kDa protein, P0, which interacts through its N-terminal domain (NTD) ...
... The stalk is a functional domain of the large ribosomal subunit that is directly involved in the interaction and GTPase activity of several soluble factors during translation (1). In eukaryotes, the stalk is formed by a central 32-kDa protein, P0, which interacts through its N-terminal domain (NTD) ...
Global phosphoproteomic effects of natural tyrosine kinase inhibitor
... mediated by genistein are largely unknown. In this study, we combined tyrosine phosphoprotein enrichment with MS-based quantitative proteomics technology to globally identify genistein-regulated tyrosine phosphoproteins aiming to depict genistein-inhibited phosphotyrosine cascades. Our experiments r ...
... mediated by genistein are largely unknown. In this study, we combined tyrosine phosphoprotein enrichment with MS-based quantitative proteomics technology to globally identify genistein-regulated tyrosine phosphoproteins aiming to depict genistein-inhibited phosphotyrosine cascades. Our experiments r ...
Intracellular calcium: friend or foe?
... this, based on reversible cell swelling, erythrocyte ghost-cell fusion and release from micropinocytotic vesicles [2, 22, 33, 44, 451. Others have also developed methods based on reversible cell swelling and special permeabilization media [46,47]. In contrast, the fluorescent indicators invented by ...
... this, based on reversible cell swelling, erythrocyte ghost-cell fusion and release from micropinocytotic vesicles [2, 22, 33, 44, 451. Others have also developed methods based on reversible cell swelling and special permeabilization media [46,47]. In contrast, the fluorescent indicators invented by ...
A proteomic chronology of gene expression through the cell cycle in
... measurements at different stages of the cell cycle. Most of the methods used to do this have involved artificially ‘arresting’ the cell cycle, which can lead to side effects that are difficult to account for. Ly et al. have now overcome these problems using a combination of three methods to measure ...
... measurements at different stages of the cell cycle. Most of the methods used to do this have involved artificially ‘arresting’ the cell cycle, which can lead to side effects that are difficult to account for. Ly et al. have now overcome these problems using a combination of three methods to measure ...
Cell Cycle in the Fucus Zygote Parallels a Somatic Cell
... In eukaryotic cells, the basic machinery of cell cycle control is highly conserved. In particular, many cellular events during cell cycle progression are controlled by cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). The cell cycle in animal early embryos, however, differs substantially from that of somatic cells o ...
... In eukaryotic cells, the basic machinery of cell cycle control is highly conserved. In particular, many cellular events during cell cycle progression are controlled by cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). The cell cycle in animal early embryos, however, differs substantially from that of somatic cells o ...
Manganese Complexes: Diverse Metabolic Routes to Oxidative
... genes in S. cerevisiae that had the capacity to substitute for Cu/ Zn SOD and in virtually every case, the genes identified were found to control uptake and accumulation of manganese and, hence, activity of Mn-antioxidants. These genes included Pmr1p—the Golgi transporting pump for manganese and cal ...
... genes in S. cerevisiae that had the capacity to substitute for Cu/ Zn SOD and in virtually every case, the genes identified were found to control uptake and accumulation of manganese and, hence, activity of Mn-antioxidants. These genes included Pmr1p—the Golgi transporting pump for manganese and cal ...
Computational Models Reveal a Passive Mechanism for Cell
... packing could inhibit division and cell loss near the collar could generate additional space for cells below to expand and migrate upwards. This release could relay downwards to allow mitosis. In this scenario, cell positioning would be supported by known signalling pathways, e.g. Eph/ephrin signall ...
... packing could inhibit division and cell loss near the collar could generate additional space for cells below to expand and migrate upwards. This release could relay downwards to allow mitosis. In this scenario, cell positioning would be supported by known signalling pathways, e.g. Eph/ephrin signall ...
growth of the plant cell wall - Personal.psu.edu
... kor mutants have defects in cytokinesis and cell elongation. Although they make (1,4)-linked β-d-glucan, it is not properly crystallized into a microfibril. It has been postulated that the KOR endoglucanase trims sterol residues from nascent glucan primers or trims out-of-register glucans to aid cry ...
... kor mutants have defects in cytokinesis and cell elongation. Although they make (1,4)-linked β-d-glucan, it is not properly crystallized into a microfibril. It has been postulated that the KOR endoglucanase trims sterol residues from nascent glucan primers or trims out-of-register glucans to aid cry ...
Integrin cytoplasmic domain-binding proteins
... a yeast two-hybrid screen for β1-tail-binding protein. It localizes to focal adhesions in a manner dependent on both the C-terminal domain, which contains the integrin-binding site, and the most N-terminal ankyrin repeat (Wu, 1999). This repeat is responsible for binding the LIM domain protein PINCH ...
... a yeast two-hybrid screen for β1-tail-binding protein. It localizes to focal adhesions in a manner dependent on both the C-terminal domain, which contains the integrin-binding site, and the most N-terminal ankyrin repeat (Wu, 1999). This repeat is responsible for binding the LIM domain protein PINCH ...
Identification of Pexl3p, a Peroxisomal Membrane Receptor for the
... in this issue), whose gene products, designated peroxins, were shown to be essential for peroxisome assembly (for review see Erdmann and Kunau, 1992; Lazarow, 1993). It remains to be determined whether some of these peroxins are structural components of the peroxisomal protein import machinery as we ...
... in this issue), whose gene products, designated peroxins, were shown to be essential for peroxisome assembly (for review see Erdmann and Kunau, 1992; Lazarow, 1993). It remains to be determined whether some of these peroxins are structural components of the peroxisomal protein import machinery as we ...
Fission yeast Tor2 promotes cell growth and represses cell
... Tor2 but not with Tor1. However, Pop3 coimmunoprecipitated with both Tor1 and Tor2 (Fig. 2C). These results suggest the presence of two TOR complexes in fission yeast. The composition of the complex containing Tor1, Pop3 and Ste20 most closely resembles that of TORC2 complexes in other species. The ...
... Tor2 but not with Tor1. However, Pop3 coimmunoprecipitated with both Tor1 and Tor2 (Fig. 2C). These results suggest the presence of two TOR complexes in fission yeast. The composition of the complex containing Tor1, Pop3 and Ste20 most closely resembles that of TORC2 complexes in other species. The ...
Cytosol
The cytosol or intracellular fluid (ICF) or cytoplasmic matrix is the liquid found inside cells. It is separated into compartments by membranes. For example, the mitochondrial matrix separates the mitochondrion into many compartments.In the eukaryotic cell, the cytosol is within the cell membrane and is part of the cytoplasm, which also comprises the mitochondria, plastids, and other organelles (but not their internal fluids and structures); the cell nucleus is separate. In prokaryotes, most of the chemical reactions of metabolism take place in the cytosol, while a few take place in membranes or in the periplasmic space. In eukaryotes, while many metabolic pathways still occur in the cytosol, others are contained within organelles.The cytosol is a complex mixture of substances dissolved in water. Although water forms the large majority of the cytosol, its structure and properties within cells is not well understood. The concentrations of ions such as sodium and potassium are different in the cytosol than in the extracellular fluid; these differences in ion levels are important in processes such as osmoregulation, cell signaling, and the generation of action potentials in excitable cells such as endocrine, nerve and muscle cells. The cytosol also contains large amounts of macromolecules, which can alter how molecules behave, through macromolecular crowding.Although it was once thought to be a simple solution of molecules, the cytosol has multiple levels of organization. These include concentration gradients of small molecules such as calcium, large complexes of enzymes that act together to carry out metabolic pathways, and protein complexes such as proteasomes and carboxysomes that enclose and separate parts of the cytosol.