![immunodetection of arabinogalactan proteins in different types of](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/020523825_1-b9b275e14097168a33803fe3dcf5a023-300x300.png)
immunodetection of arabinogalactan proteins in different types of
... apparatus (Fig. 11, 12). Both studied AGP epitopes were detected inside the micropylar canal as well, but were not present in the somatic cells surrounding the canal. Other parts of the mature ovules were devoid of AGP epitopes, except for the funiculus vessels. ...
... apparatus (Fig. 11, 12). Both studied AGP epitopes were detected inside the micropylar canal as well, but were not present in the somatic cells surrounding the canal. Other parts of the mature ovules were devoid of AGP epitopes, except for the funiculus vessels. ...
In situ proteo-metabolomics reveals metabolite secretion by
... Euglena mutabilis is a photosynthetic protist found in acidic aquatic environments such as peat bogs, volcanic lakes and acid mine drainages (AMDs). Through its photosynthetic metabolism, this protist is supposed to have an important role in primary production in such oligotrophic ecosystems. Nevert ...
... Euglena mutabilis is a photosynthetic protist found in acidic aquatic environments such as peat bogs, volcanic lakes and acid mine drainages (AMDs). Through its photosynthetic metabolism, this protist is supposed to have an important role in primary production in such oligotrophic ecosystems. Nevert ...
Functions of the Arabidopsis kinesin superfamily of microtubule
... potentially could contribute to bundling of CMTs. However, the atk5 mutant has normal CMT organization (Ambrose et al. 2005), indicating that it does not play an essential role in CMT organization. CMTs are dynamic at both ends and their dynamic properties are important for array organization (Shaw ...
... potentially could contribute to bundling of CMTs. However, the atk5 mutant has normal CMT organization (Ambrose et al. 2005), indicating that it does not play an essential role in CMT organization. CMTs are dynamic at both ends and their dynamic properties are important for array organization (Shaw ...
RNA Processing Bodies, Peroxisomes, Golgi Bodies, Mitochondria
... et al. 2010). Interestingly, although actin filaments sustain long-distance transport of plant organelles, it has recently been observed that microtubules influence short-distance behavior, causing pauses for both peroxisomes (Chuong et al. 2005) and the Golgi (Crowell et al. 2009, Gutierrez et al. ...
... et al. 2010). Interestingly, although actin filaments sustain long-distance transport of plant organelles, it has recently been observed that microtubules influence short-distance behavior, causing pauses for both peroxisomes (Chuong et al. 2005) and the Golgi (Crowell et al. 2009, Gutierrez et al. ...
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... cytosol [4] and cytoskeletal network [5], are barriers to the metabolite diffusion as well as the density of the cytoplasmic macromolecular complexes [6]. Indeed, the concentration of macromolecules in the bacterial cytoplasm is about 300–400 mg/mL [7] representing 30% of the total volume. In the ca ...
... cytosol [4] and cytoskeletal network [5], are barriers to the metabolite diffusion as well as the density of the cytoplasmic macromolecular complexes [6]. Indeed, the concentration of macromolecules in the bacterial cytoplasm is about 300–400 mg/mL [7] representing 30% of the total volume. In the ca ...
Isoflavone and Pterocarpan Malonylglucosides and ß -l,3
... pan malonylglucosides of chickpea has not been proven clearly until yet. Apart from the accumulation of phytoalexins the synthesis of pathogenesis-related proteins is an especially prominent reaction of plants after microbial infection or elicitation [18]. Recent in vestigations have identified dif ...
... pan malonylglucosides of chickpea has not been proven clearly until yet. Apart from the accumulation of phytoalexins the synthesis of pathogenesis-related proteins is an especially prominent reaction of plants after microbial infection or elicitation [18]. Recent in vestigations have identified dif ...
"Redundancy " & "Junk" for Codons
... A third type of disease prion disease all centers around the tRNA bringing the correct amino acid along with its correct directions in terms of amount (expression) & longevity (dwell time)for the ribosome to make the protein possessing the correct structure/information-function [as] dictated by the ...
... A third type of disease prion disease all centers around the tRNA bringing the correct amino acid along with its correct directions in terms of amount (expression) & longevity (dwell time)for the ribosome to make the protein possessing the correct structure/information-function [as] dictated by the ...
Boundless Study Slides
... • biofilm a thin film of mucus created by and containing a colony of bacteria and other microorganisms • biofilm a thin film of mucus created by and containing a colony of bacteria and other microorganisms • cyclic adenosine monophosphate cAMP, a second messenger derived from ATP that is involved in ...
... • biofilm a thin film of mucus created by and containing a colony of bacteria and other microorganisms • biofilm a thin film of mucus created by and containing a colony of bacteria and other microorganisms • cyclic adenosine monophosphate cAMP, a second messenger derived from ATP that is involved in ...
Organization and translation of mRNA in sympathetic axons
... situ hybridization (Olink-Coux and Hollenbeck, 1996). We first re-examined these cells using a detection method that is significantly more sensitive and has a higher signal-to-noise ratio (Takizawa et al., 1997) (see Materials and Methods) to allow us to determine the distribution of total mRNA. The ...
... situ hybridization (Olink-Coux and Hollenbeck, 1996). We first re-examined these cells using a detection method that is significantly more sensitive and has a higher signal-to-noise ratio (Takizawa et al., 1997) (see Materials and Methods) to allow us to determine the distribution of total mRNA. The ...
RNA Processing Bodies, Peroxisomes, Golgi
... et al. 2010). Interestingly, although actin filaments sustain long-distance transport of plant organelles, it has recently been observed that microtubules influence short-distance behavior, causing pauses for both peroxisomes (Chuong et al. 2005) and the Golgi (Crowell et al. 2009, Gutierrez et al. ...
... et al. 2010). Interestingly, although actin filaments sustain long-distance transport of plant organelles, it has recently been observed that microtubules influence short-distance behavior, causing pauses for both peroxisomes (Chuong et al. 2005) and the Golgi (Crowell et al. 2009, Gutierrez et al. ...
GLYCOLIPID ANCHORING OF CELL SURFACE PROTEINS Mark C
... Organic solvent extracted AP however could bind phospholipid,22 but this property was lost on PI-PLC treatment suggesting that the lipophilic properties of AP were intimately associated with AP itself, rather than being some property of the lipid bilayer with which it was associated, and could be ex ...
... Organic solvent extracted AP however could bind phospholipid,22 but this property was lost on PI-PLC treatment suggesting that the lipophilic properties of AP were intimately associated with AP itself, rather than being some property of the lipid bilayer with which it was associated, and could be ex ...
GRAND PRIX
... $100 Answer: A group of organisms of the same species living in the same place at the same time. Answer… ...
... $100 Answer: A group of organisms of the same species living in the same place at the same time. Answer… ...
Calcium, a signaling molecule in the endoplasmic reticulum?
... concentrations of Ca21 found when ER Ca21 stores are full (.400 mM), PDI and calreticulin do not associate and PDI carries out its chaperone functions. (3) Increased free [Ca21]ER promote the binding of monoglucosylated glycoproteins to the P domain of calreticulin (and the central domain of calnexi ...
... concentrations of Ca21 found when ER Ca21 stores are full (.400 mM), PDI and calreticulin do not associate and PDI carries out its chaperone functions. (3) Increased free [Ca21]ER promote the binding of monoglucosylated glycoproteins to the P domain of calreticulin (and the central domain of calnexi ...
Bacterial toxins modifying the actin cytoskeleton
... identity and immunological cross reactions between the two toxins) and a hemorrhagic toxin (HT). C. novyi is an etiological agent of gangrene with major edema. The main toxin produced is the alpha toxin. The large clostridial toxins have a common structure (Fig. 1). The C-terminal part, about 25–30% ...
... identity and immunological cross reactions between the two toxins) and a hemorrhagic toxin (HT). C. novyi is an etiological agent of gangrene with major edema. The main toxin produced is the alpha toxin. The large clostridial toxins have a common structure (Fig. 1). The C-terminal part, about 25–30% ...
Role of cholesterol in SNARE-mediated trafficking on intracellular
... with the polar head of phospholipids and sphingolipids, whereas the hydrophobic part remains immersed in the membrane alongside the hydrocarbon chains of the surrounding lipids. Cholesterol is not uniformly distributed in the membrane, and besides its interaction with membrane lipids, interaction wi ...
... with the polar head of phospholipids and sphingolipids, whereas the hydrophobic part remains immersed in the membrane alongside the hydrocarbon chains of the surrounding lipids. Cholesterol is not uniformly distributed in the membrane, and besides its interaction with membrane lipids, interaction wi ...
Proteomics of Plasma Membranes from Poplar Trees Reveals
... Proteomics of Plasma Membranes from Poplar Trees Reveals Tissue Distribution of Transporters, Receptors, and Proteins in Cell ...
... Proteomics of Plasma Membranes from Poplar Trees Reveals Tissue Distribution of Transporters, Receptors, and Proteins in Cell ...
Exploring glycoside hydrolase family 5 (GH5) enzymes
... rhamnogalacturonan II) are covalent interlocked with each other. Type II walls, found in grass species such as rice [6], are characterized by cellulose microfibrils with the same structure as Type I walls but using glucuronoarabinoxylans as the key glycans to cross-link these microfibrils by hydrog ...
... rhamnogalacturonan II) are covalent interlocked with each other. Type II walls, found in grass species such as rice [6], are characterized by cellulose microfibrils with the same structure as Type I walls but using glucuronoarabinoxylans as the key glycans to cross-link these microfibrils by hydrog ...
Calcium Signaling and Homeostasis in Nuclei
... 1998; McAinsh and Pittman 2009). Such concept was revisited and confirmed at the single-cell level in very specialized cells such as the guard cells involved in stomata regulation or the root hair cells involved in the establishment of symbiosis with rhizobia. In these cells, the minimal number of C ...
... 1998; McAinsh and Pittman 2009). Such concept was revisited and confirmed at the single-cell level in very specialized cells such as the guard cells involved in stomata regulation or the root hair cells involved in the establishment of symbiosis with rhizobia. In these cells, the minimal number of C ...
Escherichia coli Karl Skoog
... Escherichia coli is a bacterium that normally grows in the lower intestine of warm-blooded organisms and it is named after its finder, the German scientist, Theodor Escherich. E. coli is essential for producing vitamin K in its hosts, as infection of germ-free rats deficient in vitamin K with E. col ...
... Escherichia coli is a bacterium that normally grows in the lower intestine of warm-blooded organisms and it is named after its finder, the German scientist, Theodor Escherich. E. coli is essential for producing vitamin K in its hosts, as infection of germ-free rats deficient in vitamin K with E. col ...
The Arabidopsis Rab5 Homologs Rha1 and Ara7 Localize to the
... role in vacuolar trafficking in plant cells. In this study, we investigated the localization of Rha1 and Ara7, two Arabidopsis proteins that have highly similar amino acid sequence homology to Rab5 in animal cells. Both Ara7 and Rha1 gave a punctate staining pattern and colocalized when transiently ...
... role in vacuolar trafficking in plant cells. In this study, we investigated the localization of Rha1 and Ara7, two Arabidopsis proteins that have highly similar amino acid sequence homology to Rab5 in animal cells. Both Ara7 and Rha1 gave a punctate staining pattern and colocalized when transiently ...
Target or barrier? The cell wall of early- and later
... effects of Cd contamination cannot be isolated from injuries caused by other environmental stresses and it might sometimes be difficult to predict the combinatory effect (Mittler, 2006). The simultaneous presence of different stresses might multiply the negative effects; however, as already observed ...
... effects of Cd contamination cannot be isolated from injuries caused by other environmental stresses and it might sometimes be difficult to predict the combinatory effect (Mittler, 2006). The simultaneous presence of different stresses might multiply the negative effects; however, as already observed ...
Mechanisms of plant spindle formation
... that histone H1 forms ring-shape complexes with tubulin dimers at the nucleus–cytoplasm interface and promotes the formation of aster-like structures (Hotta et al. 2007; Nakayama et al. 2008). In Leishmania (a protozoan; (Smirlis et al. 2009)), Ran and histone H1 co-localize at the nuclear envelope ...
... that histone H1 forms ring-shape complexes with tubulin dimers at the nucleus–cytoplasm interface and promotes the formation of aster-like structures (Hotta et al. 2007; Nakayama et al. 2008). In Leishmania (a protozoan; (Smirlis et al. 2009)), Ran and histone H1 co-localize at the nuclear envelope ...
Cytosol
![](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Crowded_cytosol.png?width=300)
The cytosol or intracellular fluid (ICF) or cytoplasmic matrix is the liquid found inside cells. It is separated into compartments by membranes. For example, the mitochondrial matrix separates the mitochondrion into many compartments.In the eukaryotic cell, the cytosol is within the cell membrane and is part of the cytoplasm, which also comprises the mitochondria, plastids, and other organelles (but not their internal fluids and structures); the cell nucleus is separate. In prokaryotes, most of the chemical reactions of metabolism take place in the cytosol, while a few take place in membranes or in the periplasmic space. In eukaryotes, while many metabolic pathways still occur in the cytosol, others are contained within organelles.The cytosol is a complex mixture of substances dissolved in water. Although water forms the large majority of the cytosol, its structure and properties within cells is not well understood. The concentrations of ions such as sodium and potassium are different in the cytosol than in the extracellular fluid; these differences in ion levels are important in processes such as osmoregulation, cell signaling, and the generation of action potentials in excitable cells such as endocrine, nerve and muscle cells. The cytosol also contains large amounts of macromolecules, which can alter how molecules behave, through macromolecular crowding.Although it was once thought to be a simple solution of molecules, the cytosol has multiple levels of organization. These include concentration gradients of small molecules such as calcium, large complexes of enzymes that act together to carry out metabolic pathways, and protein complexes such as proteasomes and carboxysomes that enclose and separate parts of the cytosol.