1. Spontaneous generation was first proposed as A. A concept to
... E. Dehydrolysis 31. You eat eggs for breakfast and return in the evening to dirty dishes with "dried on" yellow streaks. After soaking awhile, the egg yolk protein molecules easily "wash off." What happened? AHeating denatured the egg protein molecules, hydrolysis reactions then formed bonds in the ...
... E. Dehydrolysis 31. You eat eggs for breakfast and return in the evening to dirty dishes with "dried on" yellow streaks. After soaking awhile, the egg yolk protein molecules easily "wash off." What happened? AHeating denatured the egg protein molecules, hydrolysis reactions then formed bonds in the ...
Force development by the contractile vacuole
... digestive vacuoles and mitochondria were also enclosed in the droplet. This isolated in vitro CV showed rounding-slackening cycles at regular intervals for more than 30 minutes when the preparation was kept at room temperature (24-27°C). Estimation of tension at the surface of an in vitro CV from th ...
... digestive vacuoles and mitochondria were also enclosed in the droplet. This isolated in vitro CV showed rounding-slackening cycles at regular intervals for more than 30 minutes when the preparation was kept at room temperature (24-27°C). Estimation of tension at the surface of an in vitro CV from th ...
figure 1 - Open Biology
... Eukaryota. The segregation process is essentially a mechanochemical problem in that the chromosomes, which have mass, need to be pulled or pushed into daughter cells. All mechanisms known so far can be reduced to two basic components: (i) directional force-generating mechanisms that consume chemical ...
... Eukaryota. The segregation process is essentially a mechanochemical problem in that the chromosomes, which have mass, need to be pulled or pushed into daughter cells. All mechanisms known so far can be reduced to two basic components: (i) directional force-generating mechanisms that consume chemical ...
The Kip3-Like Kinesin KipB Moves along Microtubules and
... domains grouped them into nine families. In this paper, we characterize KipB as a member of the Kip3 family of microtubule depolymerases. The closest homologues of KipB are Saccharomyces cerevisiae Kip3 and Schizosaccharomyces pombe Klp5 and Klp6, but sequence similarities outside the motor domain a ...
... domains grouped them into nine families. In this paper, we characterize KipB as a member of the Kip3 family of microtubule depolymerases. The closest homologues of KipB are Saccharomyces cerevisiae Kip3 and Schizosaccharomyces pombe Klp5 and Klp6, but sequence similarities outside the motor domain a ...
Organellar channels and transporters
... cellular functions such as bioenergetics (mitochondria and chloroplasts). Ion channels and transporters are functionally present on the membranes of the aforementioned organelles [1,2]. A major function of organellar ion transport is to regulate intracellular Ca2+ signaling, which plays important ro ...
... cellular functions such as bioenergetics (mitochondria and chloroplasts). Ion channels and transporters are functionally present on the membranes of the aforementioned organelles [1,2]. A major function of organellar ion transport is to regulate intracellular Ca2+ signaling, which plays important ro ...
Endocytosis Via Caveolae
... unusual topology in that the cytosolic N- and C-terminal domains are cytosolic connected by a hydrophobic sequence that is buried in the membrane but does not span the bilayer (23,24). Caveolins are palmitoylated in the C-terminal segment (25), they can be phosphorylated on tyrosine residues (26), t ...
... unusual topology in that the cytosolic N- and C-terminal domains are cytosolic connected by a hydrophobic sequence that is buried in the membrane but does not span the bilayer (23,24). Caveolins are palmitoylated in the C-terminal segment (25), they can be phosphorylated on tyrosine residues (26), t ...
T cell metabolism drives immunity
... Although the bulk of T cell metabolism research centers on mature T cells, even at their inception and throughout their development, T cells cycle through states of metabolic quiescence and activation. Hematopoietic stem cell progenitors that are double negative (DN) for CD4 and CD8 co-receptors mig ...
... Although the bulk of T cell metabolism research centers on mature T cells, even at their inception and throughout their development, T cells cycle through states of metabolic quiescence and activation. Hematopoietic stem cell progenitors that are double negative (DN) for CD4 and CD8 co-receptors mig ...
Plastid and Stromule Morphogenesis in Tomato
... a highly irregular cluster of plastid body parts (Fig. 2D and E) which, at the most extreme, are held together in a chain by thin stromule-like features. In such morphologies it is dif®cult to differentiate between the main plastid body and beaded structures on stromules, or to be sure if the major ...
... a highly irregular cluster of plastid body parts (Fig. 2D and E) which, at the most extreme, are held together in a chain by thin stromule-like features. In such morphologies it is dif®cult to differentiate between the main plastid body and beaded structures on stromules, or to be sure if the major ...
Where in the Cell Are You? Probing HIV
... this are not yet fully elucidated, the microtubule organizing centre (MTOC) can polarize to the synapse and likely plays an important role in synapse formation [18]. Furthermore, actin polymerization has also been reported at the virological synapse [16]. Synapses are not only observed between T cel ...
... this are not yet fully elucidated, the microtubule organizing centre (MTOC) can polarize to the synapse and likely plays an important role in synapse formation [18]. Furthermore, actin polymerization has also been reported at the virological synapse [16]. Synapses are not only observed between T cel ...
Control of the Cell Cycle in Early Embryos
... The development of cell-free systems that can go through one or more rounds of cell cycle events in vitro and the availability of active, purified recombinant cell cycle proteins have greatly facilitated investigations of the molecular mechanisms leading to cycles of cdc2/28 activation and repressio ...
... The development of cell-free systems that can go through one or more rounds of cell cycle events in vitro and the availability of active, purified recombinant cell cycle proteins have greatly facilitated investigations of the molecular mechanisms leading to cycles of cdc2/28 activation and repressio ...
Degradation by bacteria of membrane and soluble protein in seawater
... ABSTRACT: In order to test the hypothesis that bactenal membrane protein is more slowly degraded than soluble protein in seawater, we examined degradation by natural bacterioplankton of membrane and soluble proteins prepared from the marine bacterium Vjbno alginol~~ficus radiolabeled with 3Hor 14C-l ...
... ABSTRACT: In order to test the hypothesis that bactenal membrane protein is more slowly degraded than soluble protein in seawater, we examined degradation by natural bacterioplankton of membrane and soluble proteins prepared from the marine bacterium Vjbno alginol~~ficus radiolabeled with 3Hor 14C-l ...
Increased Susceptibility of the Sickle Cell Membrane
... Enzymes are also inhibited by reactive oxygen species and the Ca2+-ATPaseof erythrocyte membranes is one of the most sensitive of these enzymes.” The Ca2+-ATPaseis an integral membrane protein with a molecular weight of 140,000 daltons.” The enzyme is inhibited by sulfhydryl alkylating agents” and b ...
... Enzymes are also inhibited by reactive oxygen species and the Ca2+-ATPaseof erythrocyte membranes is one of the most sensitive of these enzymes.” The Ca2+-ATPaseis an integral membrane protein with a molecular weight of 140,000 daltons.” The enzyme is inhibited by sulfhydryl alkylating agents” and b ...
FURTHER STUDIES ON THE THETA CELL OF THE MOUSE
... and in width, and the granules lie always at their base. Such figures are generally observed at places where the cell membrane faces the perisinusoidal space (the basement membrane intervening), but sometimes where two cell membranes belonging to adjacent cells appose each other without an interveni ...
... and in width, and the granules lie always at their base. Such figures are generally observed at places where the cell membrane faces the perisinusoidal space (the basement membrane intervening), but sometimes where two cell membranes belonging to adjacent cells appose each other without an interveni ...
How plant cells explore geometry - The polarity induction and
... are investigated. A standardized system was developed to generate and integrate quantitative data on the temporal patterns of regeneration stages. Hereinafter this system was integrated into a microfluidic platform to study the impacts of chemical and geometrical stimuli during the establishment of ...
... are investigated. A standardized system was developed to generate and integrate quantitative data on the temporal patterns of regeneration stages. Hereinafter this system was integrated into a microfluidic platform to study the impacts of chemical and geometrical stimuli during the establishment of ...
Relating the mechanics of the primary plant cell
... Alterations in the ratio of arabinan and galactan side chains in RG-Is affect the mechanical behavior of the cell wall RG-Is are very complex structurally heterogeneous branched glycan domains with repeating units of [→2)-α-lRhap-(1→4)-α-d-GalpA-(1→] in the backbone. RG-I structure is highly versati ...
... Alterations in the ratio of arabinan and galactan side chains in RG-Is affect the mechanical behavior of the cell wall RG-Is are very complex structurally heterogeneous branched glycan domains with repeating units of [→2)-α-lRhap-(1→4)-α-d-GalpA-(1→] in the backbone. RG-I structure is highly versati ...
Living Cell Microarrays: An Overview of Concepts
... Several research groups have established microarrays of living mammalian or prokaryotic cells over the last few years. In 2001, Ziauddin & Sabatini [38] laid down the basis for living cell microarrays. They printed DNA at defined locations on a microarray. Mammalian adherent cells grew on the printe ...
... Several research groups have established microarrays of living mammalian or prokaryotic cells over the last few years. In 2001, Ziauddin & Sabatini [38] laid down the basis for living cell microarrays. They printed DNA at defined locations on a microarray. Mammalian adherent cells grew on the printe ...
Localization of proteins involved in endocytosis at tubulobulbar
... HSC70, an ATPase [16]. This leaves behind a small primary endocytic vesicle which thus fuses with early endosomes. This process is well characterized and involves Rab-5 and its effector Early endosomal antigen 1 [EEA] which has been localized at TBCs [6]. EEA-1 serves to tether endosomes, while the ...
... HSC70, an ATPase [16]. This leaves behind a small primary endocytic vesicle which thus fuses with early endosomes. This process is well characterized and involves Rab-5 and its effector Early endosomal antigen 1 [EEA] which has been localized at TBCs [6]. EEA-1 serves to tether endosomes, while the ...
Nup358 interacts with APC and plays a role in cell polarization
... colorectal cancer cells (Munemitsu et al., 1995). However, we found no significant difference between the levels of endogenous β-catenin in COS-7 cells expressing RFP-GST or RFP-GST-APC-M (data not shown). This ruled out the possibility that microtubule plusend-localization and recruitment of endoge ...
... colorectal cancer cells (Munemitsu et al., 1995). However, we found no significant difference between the levels of endogenous β-catenin in COS-7 cells expressing RFP-GST or RFP-GST-APC-M (data not shown). This ruled out the possibility that microtubule plusend-localization and recruitment of endoge ...
Glycosylation and Sorting of Secretory Proteins in the Endoplasmic
... the reporter protein. Since Hsp150 is a soluble protein, the sorting signal is likely to interact with a putative transmembrane adapter protein that may directly bind to COPII components. Hsp150 was also found to be slowly secreted even in the absence of all Sec24 family members. This work demonstra ...
... the reporter protein. Since Hsp150 is a soluble protein, the sorting signal is likely to interact with a putative transmembrane adapter protein that may directly bind to COPII components. Hsp150 was also found to be slowly secreted even in the absence of all Sec24 family members. This work demonstra ...
Read about actions of formaldehyde on antigens
... can be detected only in unfixed cryosections; most are more easily detected after fixation. Paraffin embedding is usually preferable to either plastic embedding or cutting unembedded specimens with a vibrating microtome or in a cryostat. There are, however, plenty of exceptions to this generalizatio ...
... can be detected only in unfixed cryosections; most are more easily detected after fixation. Paraffin embedding is usually preferable to either plastic embedding or cutting unembedded specimens with a vibrating microtome or in a cryostat. There are, however, plenty of exceptions to this generalizatio ...
Inside A Cell
... What am I? ____________________ 2. I am a thin layer that surrounds the cell. I hold all of the organelles in place. I let some things into the cell and keep others out. What am I? ____________________ 3. I am strong like a bone. I provide support, strength and shape to the cell. My long thin struct ...
... What am I? ____________________ 2. I am a thin layer that surrounds the cell. I hold all of the organelles in place. I let some things into the cell and keep others out. What am I? ____________________ 3. I am strong like a bone. I provide support, strength and shape to the cell. My long thin struct ...
The proteomics of plant cell membranes
... developing strategies to increase plants’ natural defences. ...
... developing strategies to increase plants’ natural defences. ...
Roles of ion channels and transporters in guard cell signal
... and Arabidopsis show that blue light activates the H+-ATPase through a phosphorylation/ dephosphorylation-based mechanism [6,7]. When inactive, the C terminus of the H+-ATPase acts as an autoinhibitory domain. Upon blue light illumination, a type 1 protein phosphatase is activated [8] which, via an ...
... and Arabidopsis show that blue light activates the H+-ATPase through a phosphorylation/ dephosphorylation-based mechanism [6,7]. When inactive, the C terminus of the H+-ATPase acts as an autoinhibitory domain. Upon blue light illumination, a type 1 protein phosphatase is activated [8] which, via an ...
Linköping University Post Print
... LMP do exist [23, 24]. For example, large lysosomes appears to be more susceptible to LMP than small ones [24]. The mechanism underlying LMP is still incompletely understood. Apart from cathepsins, other hydrolases [25-28], H+ (causing acidification of the cytosol) [29], Ca2+ [30], and several of t ...
... LMP do exist [23, 24]. For example, large lysosomes appears to be more susceptible to LMP than small ones [24]. The mechanism underlying LMP is still incompletely understood. Apart from cathepsins, other hydrolases [25-28], H+ (causing acidification of the cytosol) [29], Ca2+ [30], and several of t ...
Cytosol
The cytosol or intracellular fluid (ICF) or cytoplasmic matrix is the liquid found inside cells. It is separated into compartments by membranes. For example, the mitochondrial matrix separates the mitochondrion into many compartments.In the eukaryotic cell, the cytosol is within the cell membrane and is part of the cytoplasm, which also comprises the mitochondria, plastids, and other organelles (but not their internal fluids and structures); the cell nucleus is separate. In prokaryotes, most of the chemical reactions of metabolism take place in the cytosol, while a few take place in membranes or in the periplasmic space. In eukaryotes, while many metabolic pathways still occur in the cytosol, others are contained within organelles.The cytosol is a complex mixture of substances dissolved in water. Although water forms the large majority of the cytosol, its structure and properties within cells is not well understood. The concentrations of ions such as sodium and potassium are different in the cytosol than in the extracellular fluid; these differences in ion levels are important in processes such as osmoregulation, cell signaling, and the generation of action potentials in excitable cells such as endocrine, nerve and muscle cells. The cytosol also contains large amounts of macromolecules, which can alter how molecules behave, through macromolecular crowding.Although it was once thought to be a simple solution of molecules, the cytosol has multiple levels of organization. These include concentration gradients of small molecules such as calcium, large complexes of enzymes that act together to carry out metabolic pathways, and protein complexes such as proteasomes and carboxysomes that enclose and separate parts of the cytosol.