Isolation and Chemical Characterization of Plasma Membranes from
... six times with 0-1M-tris-HCl buffer pH 7-2 containing 0.01 M-Mg2+ions, before being lyophilized and stored at -20 "C. Protein estimation. The total protein content of the plasma membrane was determined by using the Folin-Ciocalteau reagent of Lowry, Rosebrough, Farr & Randall (195I). The membranes w ...
... six times with 0-1M-tris-HCl buffer pH 7-2 containing 0.01 M-Mg2+ions, before being lyophilized and stored at -20 "C. Protein estimation. The total protein content of the plasma membrane was determined by using the Folin-Ciocalteau reagent of Lowry, Rosebrough, Farr & Randall (195I). The membranes w ...
Nucleation and Dynamics of Golgi-derived Microtubules
... was identified as associated with this scaffolding complex (Moreno-Mateos et al., 2011). Depletion of each of these listed molecules has been demonstrated to attenuate Golgiderived MT formation. Most significantly, AKAP450 has proven to be essential for Golgi-derived MT formation in multiple experim ...
... was identified as associated with this scaffolding complex (Moreno-Mateos et al., 2011). Depletion of each of these listed molecules has been demonstrated to attenuate Golgiderived MT formation. Most significantly, AKAP450 has proven to be essential for Golgi-derived MT formation in multiple experim ...
Study of moss vacuoles and functional
... Most secretory proteins are transported by vesicles from the ER to the GA where they are matured and sorted. If they contain the necessary sorting information, they will be retained or transported to the correct target compartment (Paris et al. 1996). In the absence of such specific information, the ...
... Most secretory proteins are transported by vesicles from the ER to the GA where they are matured and sorted. If they contain the necessary sorting information, they will be retained or transported to the correct target compartment (Paris et al. 1996). In the absence of such specific information, the ...
Traffic between the plant endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi
... [33]. The golgin AtGRIP is thought to localize at the transGolgi, although its localization at the TGN has not been excluded [20]. It has yet to be shown whether disrupting the correct targeting of AtGRIP to the Golgi by mutating essential residues (i.e. Y717 or K719; [22]) can affect the integrity ...
... [33]. The golgin AtGRIP is thought to localize at the transGolgi, although its localization at the TGN has not been excluded [20]. It has yet to be shown whether disrupting the correct targeting of AtGRIP to the Golgi by mutating essential residues (i.e. Y717 or K719; [22]) can affect the integrity ...
Regulatory roles of cyclin dependent kinase phosphorylation in cell
... T h e kinases Weel and Mikl phosphorylate Y15, whereas the phosphatases Cdc25 and Pyp3 dephosphorylate Y15 (Fig. 1). Weel and Cdc25 are primarily responsible for regulation of Y15 phosphorylation, whereas Mikl and Pyp3 are minor partners whose role becomes apparent only when the major partners are c ...
... T h e kinases Weel and Mikl phosphorylate Y15, whereas the phosphatases Cdc25 and Pyp3 dephosphorylate Y15 (Fig. 1). Weel and Cdc25 are primarily responsible for regulation of Y15 phosphorylation, whereas Mikl and Pyp3 are minor partners whose role becomes apparent only when the major partners are c ...
Rac1 accumulates in the nucleus during the G2 phase of the cell
... type, we studied the distribution of these proteins in multiple cell lines including MDCK, COS-1, and porcine aortic endothelial (PAE) cells (Fig. 1, B and C) and ECV304 human bladder carcinoma, HeLa, and NIH 3T3 (not depicted). GFP-Rac1 ranged from 5 ± 2% nuclear in MDCK cells to 30 ± 5% nuclear in ...
... type, we studied the distribution of these proteins in multiple cell lines including MDCK, COS-1, and porcine aortic endothelial (PAE) cells (Fig. 1, B and C) and ECV304 human bladder carcinoma, HeLa, and NIH 3T3 (not depicted). GFP-Rac1 ranged from 5 ± 2% nuclear in MDCK cells to 30 ± 5% nuclear in ...
Lats kinase is involved in the intestinal apical
... in the fly, the Hpo pathway regulates differentiation of the polar follicle cell (PFC). Mutations in the core Hpo pathway genes in the PFC lead to a misoriented mitotic spindle, a multilayered epithelium and abnormal cell polarity, consistent with the Hpo pathway being involved in the regulation of ...
... in the fly, the Hpo pathway regulates differentiation of the polar follicle cell (PFC). Mutations in the core Hpo pathway genes in the PFC lead to a misoriented mitotic spindle, a multilayered epithelium and abnormal cell polarity, consistent with the Hpo pathway being involved in the regulation of ...
Chapter 17. Cytoskeleton Chapter 17. Cytoskeleton Chapter 17
... Chapter 17. Cytoskeleton • Cells are not “bags of enzymes”, but rather organized in three dimensions. • This organization is carried out by the cytoskeleton, the “bones and muscles” (and more) of cells. • Cells are thousands of times larger than a typical molecule. Therefore the cytoskeleton must lo ...
... Chapter 17. Cytoskeleton • Cells are not “bags of enzymes”, but rather organized in three dimensions. • This organization is carried out by the cytoskeleton, the “bones and muscles” (and more) of cells. • Cells are thousands of times larger than a typical molecule. Therefore the cytoskeleton must lo ...
Cell Wall, Cytoskeleton, and Cell Expansion in Higher Plants
... NMR studies have detected limited XyG–cellulose interactions in Arabidopsis primary walls (Dick-Perez et al., 2011). Moreover, the xxt1xxt2 mutant, which lacked detectable XyG, displayed a relatively mild phenotype, suggesting that the load-bearing function might not only be assumed by XyG–cellulose ...
... NMR studies have detected limited XyG–cellulose interactions in Arabidopsis primary walls (Dick-Perez et al., 2011). Moreover, the xxt1xxt2 mutant, which lacked detectable XyG, displayed a relatively mild phenotype, suggesting that the load-bearing function might not only be assumed by XyG–cellulose ...
Microtubules Regulate Dynamic Organization of Vacuoles in
... suggested that these vacuolar structures co-localize with actin microfilaments, rather than microtubules, and that their maintenance and distribution are actin dependent (Ovecka et al. 2005, Higaki et al. 2006). To investigate vacuolar morphology and its regulatory mechanisms, we have, in this study, ...
... suggested that these vacuolar structures co-localize with actin microfilaments, rather than microtubules, and that their maintenance and distribution are actin dependent (Ovecka et al. 2005, Higaki et al. 2006). To investigate vacuolar morphology and its regulatory mechanisms, we have, in this study, ...
Microsporidia: Why Make Nucleotides if You Can Steal Them?
... nucleotide building blocks needed for protein, DNA, and RNA biosynthesis, they must have evolved ways of stealing these substrates from the infected host cell. Providing they can do this, genome analyses suggest that microsporidia have the enzyme repertoire needed to use and regenerate the imported ...
... nucleotide building blocks needed for protein, DNA, and RNA biosynthesis, they must have evolved ways of stealing these substrates from the infected host cell. Providing they can do this, genome analyses suggest that microsporidia have the enzyme repertoire needed to use and regenerate the imported ...
Bovine serum albumin (BSA) and cleaved
... This study makes use of BSA and ultrasmall Gd2 O3 NPs (GNPs) for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Ultrasmall GNPs have shown longitudinal (r1 ) and transverse (r2 ) water proton relaxivities larger than those of Gd-chelates because of the dense population of Gd(III) in NPs [7,8]. Therefore, BSA whi ...
... This study makes use of BSA and ultrasmall Gd2 O3 NPs (GNPs) for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Ultrasmall GNPs have shown longitudinal (r1 ) and transverse (r2 ) water proton relaxivities larger than those of Gd-chelates because of the dense population of Gd(III) in NPs [7,8]. Therefore, BSA whi ...
Lessons on longevity from budding yeast
... immense contributions to this progress. Yeast longevity factors have now been shown to modulate ageing in invertebrate and mammalian models, and studies of yeast have resulted in some of the best candidates for anti-ageing drugs currently in development. The first interventions to slow human ageing ...
... immense contributions to this progress. Yeast longevity factors have now been shown to modulate ageing in invertebrate and mammalian models, and studies of yeast have resulted in some of the best candidates for anti-ageing drugs currently in development. The first interventions to slow human ageing ...
Cleavage furrow formation and ingression during animal cytokinesis
... advancement of the cleavage furrow, the molecules responsible for these processes have remained elusive. Recent studies have provided insights into the role of different microtubule structures and associated proteins in cleavage furrow positioning and ingression together with the signalling events t ...
... advancement of the cleavage furrow, the molecules responsible for these processes have remained elusive. Recent studies have provided insights into the role of different microtubule structures and associated proteins in cleavage furrow positioning and ingression together with the signalling events t ...
PDF
... Thus, Emc and its vertebrate homologs are thought to influence transcription by sequestering bHLH proteins away from target genes. In particular, genetic interaction studies and electromobility shift assays (EMSAs) have identified Da and AS-C members as targets of Emc sequestration (Van Doren et al. ...
... Thus, Emc and its vertebrate homologs are thought to influence transcription by sequestering bHLH proteins away from target genes. In particular, genetic interaction studies and electromobility shift assays (EMSAs) have identified Da and AS-C members as targets of Emc sequestration (Van Doren et al. ...
********* 1 - Botanik in Bonn
... => Cytoplasmic streaming must reach high velocity for proper mixing of metabolites. ...
... => Cytoplasmic streaming must reach high velocity for proper mixing of metabolites. ...
lecture43.pps
... The glycan repertoire (glycome) of a given celltype or organism is also highly dynamic, responding to intrinsic and extrinsic signals by under going rapid changes Glycome diversity in species, space and time can help explain why there are only a limited number of genes in the typical genome ...
... The glycan repertoire (glycome) of a given celltype or organism is also highly dynamic, responding to intrinsic and extrinsic signals by under going rapid changes Glycome diversity in species, space and time can help explain why there are only a limited number of genes in the typical genome ...
Caveolae as potential macromolecule trafficking
... Fig. 2. (a) A gallery of 19 optical images taken at steps of 0.46 m through a paraffin section of rat lung tissue using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The rat lung tissue was immunostained with anti-caveolin-1 antibody and immunocolloidal gold. The colloidal gold was visually enhanced by ...
... Fig. 2. (a) A gallery of 19 optical images taken at steps of 0.46 m through a paraffin section of rat lung tissue using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The rat lung tissue was immunostained with anti-caveolin-1 antibody and immunocolloidal gold. The colloidal gold was visually enhanced by ...
Biofilm exopolysaccharides
... many oral biofilms are neutral homopolymers such as dextrans of the ‘ mutan ’ type or levans. Most biofilm polysaccharides appear to resemble the general types found associated with all classes of microbial cells, being either homopolysaccharides or heteropolysaccharides. Some of the homopolysacchar ...
... many oral biofilms are neutral homopolymers such as dextrans of the ‘ mutan ’ type or levans. Most biofilm polysaccharides appear to resemble the general types found associated with all classes of microbial cells, being either homopolysaccharides or heteropolysaccharides. Some of the homopolysacchar ...
letters - Cytomorpholab
... indicates that AtFH5 has a role in cytokinesis. A fluorescent dotted pattern of undetermined identity was also observed in the cytoplasm (Fig. 3) and might not reflect the true localization of AtFH5, as potential artifacts may be associated with overexpression of AtFH5–GFP. The endosperm in the Arab ...
... indicates that AtFH5 has a role in cytokinesis. A fluorescent dotted pattern of undetermined identity was also observed in the cytoplasm (Fig. 3) and might not reflect the true localization of AtFH5, as potential artifacts may be associated with overexpression of AtFH5–GFP. The endosperm in the Arab ...
Cytosol
The cytosol or intracellular fluid (ICF) or cytoplasmic matrix is the liquid found inside cells. It is separated into compartments by membranes. For example, the mitochondrial matrix separates the mitochondrion into many compartments.In the eukaryotic cell, the cytosol is within the cell membrane and is part of the cytoplasm, which also comprises the mitochondria, plastids, and other organelles (but not their internal fluids and structures); the cell nucleus is separate. In prokaryotes, most of the chemical reactions of metabolism take place in the cytosol, while a few take place in membranes or in the periplasmic space. In eukaryotes, while many metabolic pathways still occur in the cytosol, others are contained within organelles.The cytosol is a complex mixture of substances dissolved in water. Although water forms the large majority of the cytosol, its structure and properties within cells is not well understood. The concentrations of ions such as sodium and potassium are different in the cytosol than in the extracellular fluid; these differences in ion levels are important in processes such as osmoregulation, cell signaling, and the generation of action potentials in excitable cells such as endocrine, nerve and muscle cells. The cytosol also contains large amounts of macromolecules, which can alter how molecules behave, through macromolecular crowding.Although it was once thought to be a simple solution of molecules, the cytosol has multiple levels of organization. These include concentration gradients of small molecules such as calcium, large complexes of enzymes that act together to carry out metabolic pathways, and protein complexes such as proteasomes and carboxysomes that enclose and separate parts of the cytosol.