Plasma membrane HATPase regulation is required for auxin
... 1997; Crowell et al, 2011) are not perfectly symmetric under (discrete) rotations, different directions could have led to different outcomes in our model prediction. Yet, our simulations showed that the observed differences were small (a few percent at most), indicating that asymmetries in our cross ...
... 1997; Crowell et al, 2011) are not perfectly symmetric under (discrete) rotations, different directions could have led to different outcomes in our model prediction. Yet, our simulations showed that the observed differences were small (a few percent at most), indicating that asymmetries in our cross ...
PDF
... Lgl1 interacts with syntaxin 4, a t-SNARE involved in the fusion of post-Golgi vesicles to the target membranes (Musch et al., 2002). In yeast, Lgl homologues interact with the exocyst complex and are involved in polarised exocytosis (Zhang et al., 2005). Thus far, it is not clear whether Lgl is ess ...
... Lgl1 interacts with syntaxin 4, a t-SNARE involved in the fusion of post-Golgi vesicles to the target membranes (Musch et al., 2002). In yeast, Lgl homologues interact with the exocyst complex and are involved in polarised exocytosis (Zhang et al., 2005). Thus far, it is not clear whether Lgl is ess ...
alters cell wall construction
... Because of the chemical similarity between Cd and Ca, the latter plays a critical role in polarized tip growth of root hairs, whereas Cd interferes with Ca uptake and Ca signalling in plant cells (Garnier et al., 2006). Therefore, we proposed that CdCl2 treatment would disrupt Ca homeostasis in root ...
... Because of the chemical similarity between Cd and Ca, the latter plays a critical role in polarized tip growth of root hairs, whereas Cd interferes with Ca uptake and Ca signalling in plant cells (Garnier et al., 2006). Therefore, we proposed that CdCl2 treatment would disrupt Ca homeostasis in root ...
... in vitro, lower IC50 values should be expected. The simultaneous acceleration of cAMP generation by these mediators and inhibition of cAMP breakdown by PDE inhibitors evoke a synergistic effect, which in the case of theophylline results in an enhanced sensitivity (and lower IC50) values towards this ...
Pathogenic potential of Aeromonas hydrophila isolated from surface
... heat-labile cytotonic and heat-stable cytotonic enterotoxin, respectively, associated with watery diarrhoea. The isolation rate of Aeromonas species from diarrhoeic stool has been reported to be as high as 10.8 %, compared to only 2.1 % from the stools of healthy control subjects (Edberg et al., 200 ...
... heat-labile cytotonic and heat-stable cytotonic enterotoxin, respectively, associated with watery diarrhoea. The isolation rate of Aeromonas species from diarrhoeic stool has been reported to be as high as 10.8 %, compared to only 2.1 % from the stools of healthy control subjects (Edberg et al., 200 ...
conditions for oxygen and substrate transport in muscles in
... The high-energy turnover states of muscle are anaerobic and non-steady state. An 'oxygen debt' is incurred, which must be repaid at a later stage, during lowerintensity exercise or after cessation of the exercise (Bangsbo et al. 1990). Under steady-state exercise conditions, mitochondrial phosphoryl ...
... The high-energy turnover states of muscle are anaerobic and non-steady state. An 'oxygen debt' is incurred, which must be repaid at a later stage, during lowerintensity exercise or after cessation of the exercise (Bangsbo et al. 1990). Under steady-state exercise conditions, mitochondrial phosphoryl ...
Functions of the Cdc14-Family Phosphatase Clp1p in the Cell Cycle
... cell. Coordination of cytoplasmic division and nuclear division is crucial for healthy cell proliferation. Precocious cytokinesis , before chromosome segregation might lead to the abscission of unsegregated chromosomes (Figure 1- 1 A). If cytokinesis is delayed ...
... cell. Coordination of cytoplasmic division and nuclear division is crucial for healthy cell proliferation. Precocious cytokinesis , before chromosome segregation might lead to the abscission of unsegregated chromosomes (Figure 1- 1 A). If cytokinesis is delayed ...
Enzymatic inactivation of endogenous IgG by IdeS enhances
... enhances the binding to FcγRIIIA (21-23). However, this strategy is highly dependent on the target density and the concentration of the therapeutic antibody. Importantly, low target density renders the therapeutic antibody particularly prone to suppression by plasma IgG (6,24). Thus, strategies to d ...
... enhances the binding to FcγRIIIA (21-23). However, this strategy is highly dependent on the target density and the concentration of the therapeutic antibody. Importantly, low target density renders the therapeutic antibody particularly prone to suppression by plasma IgG (6,24). Thus, strategies to d ...
Full Report
... that promote neuron survival, neuron regrowth, or both. They may replace nerve cells in the CNS that were lost to injury or disease. ...
... that promote neuron survival, neuron regrowth, or both. They may replace nerve cells in the CNS that were lost to injury or disease. ...
Neural Grafting: Repairing the Brain and Spinal Cord
... that promote neuron survival, neuron regrowth, or both. They may replace nerve cells in the CNS that were lost to injury or disease. ...
... that promote neuron survival, neuron regrowth, or both. They may replace nerve cells in the CNS that were lost to injury or disease. ...
pdf: Rahman et al. 2007.
... depends on actin. More recently, auxin responses have been found to be defective in transgenic plants expressing dominant-negative or constitutively active Rop GTPases (Yang, 2002), proteins that have been implicated as upstream regulators of actin polymerization (Xu and Scheres, 2005a). Auxin has b ...
... depends on actin. More recently, auxin responses have been found to be defective in transgenic plants expressing dominant-negative or constitutively active Rop GTPases (Yang, 2002), proteins that have been implicated as upstream regulators of actin polymerization (Xu and Scheres, 2005a). Auxin has b ...
The cell biology of lignification in higher plants
... Boerjan et al., 2003), and the different linkages between subunits (ether and carbon–carbon bonds between the aliphatic propene and/or the aromatic moieties) depend on the mesomeric form coupled. Our current lack of understanding of the biological processes behind lignin synthesis is due to the unkn ...
... Boerjan et al., 2003), and the different linkages between subunits (ether and carbon–carbon bonds between the aliphatic propene and/or the aromatic moieties) depend on the mesomeric form coupled. Our current lack of understanding of the biological processes behind lignin synthesis is due to the unkn ...
c-Myc Overexpression Increases Cell Size and Impairs Cartilage
... that occasionally led to interdigital chondrogenesis. In contrast, c-myc overexpression did not interfere with other processes, such as muscle differentiation. Although based on overexpression experiments, our results suggest that endogenous c-Myc may be implicated in the control of cell size and sk ...
... that occasionally led to interdigital chondrogenesis. In contrast, c-myc overexpression did not interfere with other processes, such as muscle differentiation. Although based on overexpression experiments, our results suggest that endogenous c-Myc may be implicated in the control of cell size and sk ...
Identification and characterization of phage displayed, SC
... The innate immune response lacks specificity, it is rapid and is considered to be the first line of defence. Immune responses depend largely upon the activities of white blood cells, or leukocytes. All leukocytes derive ultimately from the same hematopoietic stem cells. The different leucocytes are ...
... The innate immune response lacks specificity, it is rapid and is considered to be the first line of defence. Immune responses depend largely upon the activities of white blood cells, or leukocytes. All leukocytes derive ultimately from the same hematopoietic stem cells. The different leucocytes are ...
PDF - Potter Lab
... be missed if mutations result in early homozygous lethality. The Drosophila adult eye facilitates such screens since it is an ordered array of ommatidia. A mutant clone induced by mitotic recombination can be directly compared with its marked wild-type twin-spot clone for changes in growth. Thus, in ...
... be missed if mutations result in early homozygous lethality. The Drosophila adult eye facilitates such screens since it is an ordered array of ommatidia. A mutant clone induced by mitotic recombination can be directly compared with its marked wild-type twin-spot clone for changes in growth. Thus, in ...
pitx3 defines an equivalence domain for lens and anterior pituitary
... and are likely targets of signaling interactions (Dasen and Rosenfeld, 1999a). Lhx3, for example, is expressed initially in all cells of Rathke’s pouch, is required for proliferation of ventral cell types (Bach et al., 1995; Zhadanov et al., 1995), and controls gene expression in thyrotrope and gona ...
... and are likely targets of signaling interactions (Dasen and Rosenfeld, 1999a). Lhx3, for example, is expressed initially in all cells of Rathke’s pouch, is required for proliferation of ventral cell types (Bach et al., 1995; Zhadanov et al., 1995), and controls gene expression in thyrotrope and gona ...
An autocrine Wnt5a-Ror signaling loop mediates sympathetic target
... signaling in the formation and maintenance of neuronal circuits in vivo. Some of these questions regarding the spatial and temporal aspects of Wnt signaling are best addressed by the use of conditional or inducible genetic mouse models. During nervous system development, many axons undergo reiterati ...
... signaling in the formation and maintenance of neuronal circuits in vivo. Some of these questions regarding the spatial and temporal aspects of Wnt signaling are best addressed by the use of conditional or inducible genetic mouse models. During nervous system development, many axons undergo reiterati ...
Evolutionary Developmental Biology and Vertebrate Head
... It also implies a higher order segmentation, one that is superimposed by primarily segmented tissues. For example, although pharyngeal pouches, or pharyngeal arches formed by the pouches, also show metameric patterns, they do not arise as typical compartments. Due to the hierarchically organized epi ...
... It also implies a higher order segmentation, one that is superimposed by primarily segmented tissues. For example, although pharyngeal pouches, or pharyngeal arches formed by the pouches, also show metameric patterns, they do not arise as typical compartments. Due to the hierarchically organized epi ...
Evidence That Ternary Complex (eIF2-GTP-tRNAi
... reveal that a significant fraction of the small ribosomal subunits accumulates at the TIA-1/R⫹ SGs (yellow arrows; merged views are shown in the bottom panels). The subset of small ribosomal subunits present in SGs is also coincident with eIF3 (Figure 1C, green), suggesting that the small ribosomal ...
... reveal that a significant fraction of the small ribosomal subunits accumulates at the TIA-1/R⫹ SGs (yellow arrows; merged views are shown in the bottom panels). The subset of small ribosomal subunits present in SGs is also coincident with eIF3 (Figure 1C, green), suggesting that the small ribosomal ...
UNIT 1 – FORCE AND MOTION (SEPUP Force and
... B-4.8 Compare the consequences of mutations in body cells with those in gametes. B-4.9 Exemplify ways that introduce new genetic characteristics into an organism or a population by applying the principles of modern genetics. Inquiry Indicators: B-1.1 Generate hypotheses based on credible, accurate, ...
... B-4.8 Compare the consequences of mutations in body cells with those in gametes. B-4.9 Exemplify ways that introduce new genetic characteristics into an organism or a population by applying the principles of modern genetics. Inquiry Indicators: B-1.1 Generate hypotheses based on credible, accurate, ...
Enhancement of Murine Lymphokine-activated Killer Cell Activity by
... (12, 13). Because it is weakly immunogenic and highly tumorigenic, the major biological characteristics mimicking that of human disease, JC is a more suitable model for experimental immunotherapy than other chemically or virally induced mam mary tumor models. Using JC as the target, we have demon st ...
... (12, 13). Because it is weakly immunogenic and highly tumorigenic, the major biological characteristics mimicking that of human disease, JC is a more suitable model for experimental immunotherapy than other chemically or virally induced mam mary tumor models. Using JC as the target, we have demon st ...
SYNTHETIC PEPTIDES AS ANTIGENS AND COMPETITORS IN
... MHC class II-bearing cells by well-defined protein fragments obtained either by enzymatic or chemical cleavage of the protein or by chemical synthesis (3-10) . Recently, Townsend et al. (11) demonstrated that class I-restricted CTL specific for influenza virus nucleoprotein (NP)' could lyse uninfect ...
... MHC class II-bearing cells by well-defined protein fragments obtained either by enzymatic or chemical cleavage of the protein or by chemical synthesis (3-10) . Recently, Townsend et al. (11) demonstrated that class I-restricted CTL specific for influenza virus nucleoprotein (NP)' could lyse uninfect ...
Staphylococcus δ-toxin induces allergic skin disease by
... Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that affects 15–30% of children and approximately 5% of adults in industrialized countries1. Although the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis is not fully understood, the disease is mediated by an abnormal immunoglobulinE immune response in the ...
... Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that affects 15–30% of children and approximately 5% of adults in industrialized countries1. Although the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis is not fully understood, the disease is mediated by an abnormal immunoglobulinE immune response in the ...
Shape and position of the node and notochord along
... left–right axis formation, we examined formation of the mouse node in integrin a5-null mutants using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and found that the node is formed aberrantly in all examined mutants, n510 (Fig. 1; Table 1). In control embryos, the nodes were always oriented such that the point ...
... left–right axis formation, we examined formation of the mouse node in integrin a5-null mutants using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and found that the node is formed aberrantly in all examined mutants, n510 (Fig. 1; Table 1). In control embryos, the nodes were always oriented such that the point ...
a cells- secrete glucagon
... Glucose is liberated from dietary carbohydrate such as starch or sucrose by hydrolysis within the SI, and is then absorbed into the blood. Elevated concentrations of glucose in blood stimulate release of insulin, and insulin acts on cells thoughout the body to stimulate uptake, utilization and stora ...
... Glucose is liberated from dietary carbohydrate such as starch or sucrose by hydrolysis within the SI, and is then absorbed into the blood. Elevated concentrations of glucose in blood stimulate release of insulin, and insulin acts on cells thoughout the body to stimulate uptake, utilization and stora ...
Tissue engineering
Tissue engineering is the use of a combination of cells, engineering and materials methods, and suitable biochemical and physicochemical factors to improve or replace biological functions. While it was once categorized as a sub-field of biomaterials, having grown in scope and importance it can be considered as a field in its own right.While most definitions of tissue engineering cover a broad range of applications, in practice the term is closely associated with applications that repair or replace portions of or whole tissues (i.e., bone, cartilage, blood vessels, bladder, skin, muscle etc.). Often, the tissues involved require certain mechanical and structural properties for proper functioning. The term has also been applied to efforts to perform specific biochemical functions using cells within an artificially-created support system (e.g. an artificial pancreas, or a bio artificial liver). The term regenerative medicine is often used synonymously with tissue engineering, although those involved in regenerative medicine place more emphasis on the use of stem cells or progenitor cells to produce tissues.