Failsafe Mechanisms Coordinate Cell Division and the Initiation of
... DNA replication termination to division (the “D period,” analogous to mitosis and cytokinesis in eukaryotes) (Figure 2A) [3]. This view of the cell cycle is complicated when cells are grown in rich ...
... DNA replication termination to division (the “D period,” analogous to mitosis and cytokinesis in eukaryotes) (Figure 2A) [3]. This view of the cell cycle is complicated when cells are grown in rich ...
Monoclonal Antibody Characterization of Two Distant Sites
... major region ofthe protein is required for adhesive function (4, 38) . Studies comparing the biological activities of large and small fibronectin fusion fragments and synthetic peptides derived from fibronectin also indicate that most biological activity is lost when short fibronectin fragments and ...
... major region ofthe protein is required for adhesive function (4, 38) . Studies comparing the biological activities of large and small fibronectin fusion fragments and synthetic peptides derived from fibronectin also indicate that most biological activity is lost when short fibronectin fragments and ...
Cell regulation by the Apc protein Apc as master regulator of epithelia
... The first recognised function of Apc was its role in Wnt signalling [4,5]. This function is one of the driving forces for how mutations in Apc ensure that cells remain proliferative. Many of the molecular details of this pathway have been described extensively in many reviews [6]. Apc negatively ...
... The first recognised function of Apc was its role in Wnt signalling [4,5]. This function is one of the driving forces for how mutations in Apc ensure that cells remain proliferative. Many of the molecular details of this pathway have been described extensively in many reviews [6]. Apc negatively ...
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... Normal human muscular growth and differentiation starts with a basic understanding of the embryonic origins of mammalian skeletal muscles. Evolution has preserved the process of skeletal myogenesis through retaining certain proteins and regulatory functions that are attributed to control muscle form ...
... Normal human muscular growth and differentiation starts with a basic understanding of the embryonic origins of mammalian skeletal muscles. Evolution has preserved the process of skeletal myogenesis through retaining certain proteins and regulatory functions that are attributed to control muscle form ...
Wound bed preparation in practice
... intractable wounds and to empower health professionals at all levels to effectively manage complex non-healing. In addition, using the TIME framework as part of an ongoing, holistic wound management strategy has the potential to reduce the financial burden placed on health services by the treatment ...
... intractable wounds and to empower health professionals at all levels to effectively manage complex non-healing. In addition, using the TIME framework as part of an ongoing, holistic wound management strategy has the potential to reduce the financial burden placed on health services by the treatment ...
Cell death by autophagy: facts and apparent artefacts
... as autophagy) has an important role in many biological processes, including cell survival, cell metabolism, development, aging and immunity.4,5 This conserved catabolic process involves engulfment of cytoplasmic material by a double membrane vesicle, the autophagosome, for eventual degradation by th ...
... as autophagy) has an important role in many biological processes, including cell survival, cell metabolism, development, aging and immunity.4,5 This conserved catabolic process involves engulfment of cytoplasmic material by a double membrane vesicle, the autophagosome, for eventual degradation by th ...
Isoform 5 of PIPKIc regulates the endosomal trafficking and
... and Anderson, 2009a; Yap et al., 2007). To focus our study on Ecadherin that was undergoing trafficking, rather than the total cellular complement thereof, we chose HeLa cells, which do not normally express E-cadherin and do not form polarized monolayers. This model has been used previously to chara ...
... and Anderson, 2009a; Yap et al., 2007). To focus our study on Ecadherin that was undergoing trafficking, rather than the total cellular complement thereof, we chose HeLa cells, which do not normally express E-cadherin and do not form polarized monolayers. This model has been used previously to chara ...
Guidelines on the General Principles of Caring for Patients with
... These consensus guidelines have been drawn up following an in-depth investigation of relevant literature and expert opinion. They are designed to help practitioners base their clinical decisions on the best information available and offer a structured approach to the assessment and management of pat ...
... These consensus guidelines have been drawn up following an in-depth investigation of relevant literature and expert opinion. They are designed to help practitioners base their clinical decisions on the best information available and offer a structured approach to the assessment and management of pat ...
Ozone Therapy: Beyond Oxygen The Most Needed Adjunct to
... point). When a tumor has turned metastatic, cancer cells are breaking off and being carried away by the blood and lymph. This allows the tumor to take up residence elsewhere in the body, or in other words, divide its forces. These lone cancer cells have little chance of growing due to the TNF produc ...
... point). When a tumor has turned metastatic, cancer cells are breaking off and being carried away by the blood and lymph. This allows the tumor to take up residence elsewhere in the body, or in other words, divide its forces. These lone cancer cells have little chance of growing due to the TNF produc ...
The Physiological Significance of Mitochondrial Proton Leak in
... animals (from data in Porter & Brand, 1995c), from different tissues of the same animal (Rolfe et al., 1994) and even from plants (Kesseler et al., 1992; Diolez et al., 1993) indicate that the distribution of control over mitochondrial respiration (and other variables) is a conserved property in dif ...
... animals (from data in Porter & Brand, 1995c), from different tissues of the same animal (Rolfe et al., 1994) and even from plants (Kesseler et al., 1992; Diolez et al., 1993) indicate that the distribution of control over mitochondrial respiration (and other variables) is a conserved property in dif ...
Organelle Assembly in Yeast: Characterization of
... that exhibit defects in the proper localization and processing of several vacuolar proteins. These vacuolar protein targeting (vpt) mutants were identified using a gene fusion-based selection scheme. In wild-type cells, proCPY sequences fused to the gene for the normally secreted enzyme invertase (I ...
... that exhibit defects in the proper localization and processing of several vacuolar proteins. These vacuolar protein targeting (vpt) mutants were identified using a gene fusion-based selection scheme. In wild-type cells, proCPY sequences fused to the gene for the normally secreted enzyme invertase (I ...
Can muscle regeneration fail in chronic inflammation: a weakness in
... 20]. TNF expression is upregulated in injured muscle fibres during the repair process and returns to normal during the first days postinjury. [18]. TNF acts via promoting the activation of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NFjB) which causes proteolysis and can also pro ...
... 20]. TNF expression is upregulated in injured muscle fibres during the repair process and returns to normal during the first days postinjury. [18]. TNF acts via promoting the activation of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NFjB) which causes proteolysis and can also pro ...
... of the integrins β chain [36, 37]. The continuous modulation of integrins from low to high avidity state and vice versa appears vital for cell migration [38]. The importance of β2 integrins is best demonstrated in patients suffering from the rare leucocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD) disorder. These p ...
PDF hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University Nijmegen
... that most microbes are innocuous, beneficial, and even shape the host's immune system. Deprivation of infections (hygiene) is recently noted as a possible element in occurrence of immune mediated diseases like asthma and type 1 diabetes (T1D)6-8. A major task of the immune system, whether innate or ...
... that most microbes are innocuous, beneficial, and even shape the host's immune system. Deprivation of infections (hygiene) is recently noted as a possible element in occurrence of immune mediated diseases like asthma and type 1 diabetes (T1D)6-8. A major task of the immune system, whether innate or ...
Factors Involved in Fruit Calcium Deficiency Disorders
... avoid toxicity and cell death (White and Broadley 2003). For this reason, Ca2þ concentration inside living phloem cells is extremely low, which makes the phloem vessels incapable of contributing to growing leaves and fruit Ca2þ requirements (Taylor and Locascio 2004; Ho and White 2005). Indeed, it h ...
... avoid toxicity and cell death (White and Broadley 2003). For this reason, Ca2þ concentration inside living phloem cells is extremely low, which makes the phloem vessels incapable of contributing to growing leaves and fruit Ca2þ requirements (Taylor and Locascio 2004; Ho and White 2005). Indeed, it h ...
as a PDF
... factor brachyury, influence convergent extension [16]. In addition, convergent extension is also modulated by adhesion factors such as cadherins and protocadherins [17, 18]. Finally, signaling via Wnt pathways is also critical, a s inhibition of Wnt, Frizzled, or Dishevelled activity suppresses conv ...
... factor brachyury, influence convergent extension [16]. In addition, convergent extension is also modulated by adhesion factors such as cadherins and protocadherins [17, 18]. Finally, signaling via Wnt pathways is also critical, a s inhibition of Wnt, Frizzled, or Dishevelled activity suppresses conv ...
Extracellular matrix of the charophycean green algae
... analysis suggests the presence of type I rhamnogalacturonan (RGI). Cross-OLQNLQJȕglucans are associated with cellulose microfibrils during land plant cell growth, and were found in the cell wall of CGA. The evidence of mixed-linkage glucan (MLG) in the ...
... analysis suggests the presence of type I rhamnogalacturonan (RGI). Cross-OLQNLQJȕglucans are associated with cellulose microfibrils during land plant cell growth, and were found in the cell wall of CGA. The evidence of mixed-linkage glucan (MLG) in the ...
TBX5 is required for embryonic cardiac cell cycle - UNC
... the expression pattern of an extensive panel of CDK and cyclin proteins in early embryonic cardiac tissue, and show that TBX5 depletion leads to a G1/S-phase arrest, as demonstrated by a dramatic increase in the expression of proteins associated with the cardiac cell cycle S-phase, including CDC6, c ...
... the expression pattern of an extensive panel of CDK and cyclin proteins in early embryonic cardiac tissue, and show that TBX5 depletion leads to a G1/S-phase arrest, as demonstrated by a dramatic increase in the expression of proteins associated with the cardiac cell cycle S-phase, including CDC6, c ...
Carbon partitioning in sugarcane (Saccharum species)
... compartmentation of sugars between the apoplast, cytosol, and vacuole is an important feature of storage in sugarcane stem’s parenchyma cells (Rae et al., 2009). Sucrose unloaded from phloem into the apoplast can follow two paths to vacuoles of parenchyma cells (Figure 1). In one path, sucrose is tr ...
... compartmentation of sugars between the apoplast, cytosol, and vacuole is an important feature of storage in sugarcane stem’s parenchyma cells (Rae et al., 2009). Sucrose unloaded from phloem into the apoplast can follow two paths to vacuoles of parenchyma cells (Figure 1). In one path, sucrose is tr ...
Distinguishing between resistance, tolerance and
... evaluate the level of drug-induced tolerance but was shown to correlate poorly with other forms of tolerance22,23,26,27. Recently, the MDK was described as a quantitative measure of tolerance that can be extracted from time–kill curves, based on the notion that a tolerant bacterial strain requires m ...
... evaluate the level of drug-induced tolerance but was shown to correlate poorly with other forms of tolerance22,23,26,27. Recently, the MDK was described as a quantitative measure of tolerance that can be extracted from time–kill curves, based on the notion that a tolerant bacterial strain requires m ...
Good news in the nuclear envelope: loss of lamin A might be a gain
... prelamin A posttranslational modifications? It has generally been assumed that farnesylation of lamin A is important not only for its targeting to the nuclear periphery, but also for bringing lamin C to the lamina via interactions between lamin A and lamin C and for anchoring nuclear envelope–associ ...
... prelamin A posttranslational modifications? It has generally been assumed that farnesylation of lamin A is important not only for its targeting to the nuclear periphery, but also for bringing lamin C to the lamina via interactions between lamin A and lamin C and for anchoring nuclear envelope–associ ...
Comparative microanatomy and ultrastructure of the excretory
... The site of ultrafiltration of the haemolymph, fine-structurally characterized by the presence of podocytes, extends from its plesiomorphic position at the auricular epicardium (Andrews 1988; Morse and Reynolds 1996) to the ventricular epicardium (Andrews 1988; Ruppert and Smith 1988; Bartolomaeus a ...
... The site of ultrafiltration of the haemolymph, fine-structurally characterized by the presence of podocytes, extends from its plesiomorphic position at the auricular epicardium (Andrews 1988; Morse and Reynolds 1996) to the ventricular epicardium (Andrews 1988; Ruppert and Smith 1988; Bartolomaeus a ...
Ligation of tumour-produced mucins to CD22 dramatically impairs
... appropriately linked sialic acids. CD22 exhibits high specificity for sialoside ligands containing the sequence Siaα2−6 GalNAc (where Sia, sialic acid, and GalNAc, N-acetylgalactosamine) [13–16]. The Siaα2−6 GalNAc sequence is present in both the N- and O-linked carbohydrate groups of glycoproteins. ...
... appropriately linked sialic acids. CD22 exhibits high specificity for sialoside ligands containing the sequence Siaα2−6 GalNAc (where Sia, sialic acid, and GalNAc, N-acetylgalactosamine) [13–16]. The Siaα2−6 GalNAc sequence is present in both the N- and O-linked carbohydrate groups of glycoproteins. ...
Effects of Ammonia and Lactate on Hybridoma Growth, Metabolism
... metabolic deamination of glutamine to glutamate and by the conversion of glutamate to a-ketoglutarate. Concentration of ammonia in cell culture is influenced by the mode of reactor operation, cell and glutamine concentrations, and cellular activities. Although ammonia concentrations of 2-5 mM are ty ...
... metabolic deamination of glutamine to glutamate and by the conversion of glutamate to a-ketoglutarate. Concentration of ammonia in cell culture is influenced by the mode of reactor operation, cell and glutamine concentrations, and cellular activities. Although ammonia concentrations of 2-5 mM are ty ...
Sequential Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, Flt
... First, we found that VEGF and it receptors (Flt-1 and KDR/Flk-1) are expressed in the same regenerating muscle fibers. Second, we found that their gene expression appears to be coordinated with muscle regeneration. The present study further shows that regenerating muscle fibers potentially express V ...
... First, we found that VEGF and it receptors (Flt-1 and KDR/Flk-1) are expressed in the same regenerating muscle fibers. Second, we found that their gene expression appears to be coordinated with muscle regeneration. The present study further shows that regenerating muscle fibers potentially express V ...
Tissue engineering
Tissue engineering is the use of a combination of cells, engineering and materials methods, and suitable biochemical and physicochemical factors to improve or replace biological functions. While it was once categorized as a sub-field of biomaterials, having grown in scope and importance it can be considered as a field in its own right.While most definitions of tissue engineering cover a broad range of applications, in practice the term is closely associated with applications that repair or replace portions of or whole tissues (i.e., bone, cartilage, blood vessels, bladder, skin, muscle etc.). Often, the tissues involved require certain mechanical and structural properties for proper functioning. The term has also been applied to efforts to perform specific biochemical functions using cells within an artificially-created support system (e.g. an artificial pancreas, or a bio artificial liver). The term regenerative medicine is often used synonymously with tissue engineering, although those involved in regenerative medicine place more emphasis on the use of stem cells or progenitor cells to produce tissues.