Generation of the podocyte and tubular components
... mesonephros is much simpler in structure than the metanephros, being a linear organ with only a few nephrons per body segment, and thus easier to manipulate and analyze. The current study investigated the initial stages of podocyte and tubule specification in the avian mesonephros. It was found that ...
... mesonephros is much simpler in structure than the metanephros, being a linear organ with only a few nephrons per body segment, and thus easier to manipulate and analyze. The current study investigated the initial stages of podocyte and tubule specification in the avian mesonephros. It was found that ...
ANTAGONISM OF Bacillus spp. TOWARDS Microcystis aeruginosa Philosophiae Doctor
... chemical algicides. The use of flocculants such as PhoslockTM is effective in reducing the phosphates in a water body thus depriving nutrients that are available to cyanobacteria. The mechanical option entails the manual removal of hyperscums thus reducing the numbers of cyanobacteria cells that may ...
... chemical algicides. The use of flocculants such as PhoslockTM is effective in reducing the phosphates in a water body thus depriving nutrients that are available to cyanobacteria. The mechanical option entails the manual removal of hyperscums thus reducing the numbers of cyanobacteria cells that may ...
Cooperation between the RING+B1-B2 and coiled-coil
... endogenous PML by provoking its delocalization from the NBs (Le et al., 1996). However, whether the ability of PML to suppress transformation in certain experimental systems re¯ects a more general function of growth suppression and whether and how this function is lost in APL remain to be establishe ...
... endogenous PML by provoking its delocalization from the NBs (Le et al., 1996). However, whether the ability of PML to suppress transformation in certain experimental systems re¯ects a more general function of growth suppression and whether and how this function is lost in APL remain to be establishe ...
Chediak-Higashi–Like Granules in Acute
... Fig 1. (A1) Two neutrophils from a case of APL with CH-like granules. The promyelocytes looks normal in all parameters except in the primary granules. They are more abundant than normally seen; they are immature, different sized, and there is no dark purple of blue mature azure granules. The PMN loo ...
... Fig 1. (A1) Two neutrophils from a case of APL with CH-like granules. The promyelocytes looks normal in all parameters except in the primary granules. They are more abundant than normally seen; they are immature, different sized, and there is no dark purple of blue mature azure granules. The PMN loo ...
FGF signalling: diverse roles during early vertebrate embryogenesis
... How the switch from Sprouty to Spred gene expression occurs at the transcriptional level is still unknown, but resolving this question should provide us with important clues as to how cells control the way they interpret growth factor signals appropriately during development. The molecular mechanism ...
... How the switch from Sprouty to Spred gene expression occurs at the transcriptional level is still unknown, but resolving this question should provide us with important clues as to how cells control the way they interpret growth factor signals appropriately during development. The molecular mechanism ...
Toll-like receptors: resent advances, open questions and
... Macrophages lacking TLR2 or wild type macrophages preincubated with a blocking TLR2-specific monoclonal antibody showed reduced effciency of phagocytosis of A. fumigatus conidia. ...
... Macrophages lacking TLR2 or wild type macrophages preincubated with a blocking TLR2-specific monoclonal antibody showed reduced effciency of phagocytosis of A. fumigatus conidia. ...
Actin Interacting Protein1 and Actin Depolymerizing
... proteins have been implicated in remodeling cortical actin filaments (F-actin). However, the extent to which these proteins support F-actin dynamics in planta has not been tested. Using reverse genetics, complementation analyses, and cell biological approaches, we assessed the in vivo function of tw ...
... proteins have been implicated in remodeling cortical actin filaments (F-actin). However, the extent to which these proteins support F-actin dynamics in planta has not been tested. Using reverse genetics, complementation analyses, and cell biological approaches, we assessed the in vivo function of tw ...
Re-establishing the avian body plan - Development
... Kessler and Melton, 1994). It is now clear that the organizer is formed on the dorsal side of the gastrula embryo in the equatorial region as a result of inductive interactions between the marginal zone and the dorsal vegetal (endodermal) region, also known as the Nieuwkoop center (Nieuwkoop, 1969, ...
... Kessler and Melton, 1994). It is now clear that the organizer is formed on the dorsal side of the gastrula embryo in the equatorial region as a result of inductive interactions between the marginal zone and the dorsal vegetal (endodermal) region, also known as the Nieuwkoop center (Nieuwkoop, 1969, ...
Infection and healing 1
... of the degree of soft tissue damage. Wounds caused from entanglement/entrapment, or impact with a solid object and/or a kick, are more susceptible to infection because of the degree of the soft tissue injury and resultant reduction in blood supply. The greater the magnitude of the energy on impact, ...
... of the degree of soft tissue damage. Wounds caused from entanglement/entrapment, or impact with a solid object and/or a kick, are more susceptible to infection because of the degree of the soft tissue injury and resultant reduction in blood supply. The greater the magnitude of the energy on impact, ...
Possible Involvement of Hydrosulfide in B12
... (GSH) as the persulfide (GSSH) [3]. Evidence reviewed here suggests that this sulfur may function in another broad mechanism of regulation—B12 -dependent methylation. The theory is especially applicable to nerve tissue where the sulfur factor and vitamin B12 appear to have similar effects both in th ...
... (GSH) as the persulfide (GSSH) [3]. Evidence reviewed here suggests that this sulfur may function in another broad mechanism of regulation—B12 -dependent methylation. The theory is especially applicable to nerve tissue where the sulfur factor and vitamin B12 appear to have similar effects both in th ...
the physiology of mechanoelectrical transduction channels in hearing
... Much is known about the mechanotransducer (MT) channels mediating transduction in hair cells of the vertrbrate inner ear. With the use of isolated preparations, it is experimentally feasible to deliver precise mechanical stimuli to individual cells and record the ensuing transducer currents. This ap ...
... Much is known about the mechanotransducer (MT) channels mediating transduction in hair cells of the vertrbrate inner ear. With the use of isolated preparations, it is experimentally feasible to deliver precise mechanical stimuli to individual cells and record the ensuing transducer currents. This ap ...
Understanding the role of growth factors in embryonic development
... proliferation [25]. More recent studies in this same in vitro model have shown that while a prolonged ERK1/2 phosphorylation was associated with and necessary for fibre cell differentiation, it was not sufficient for this process to proceed normally [27]. Thus, while these studies underscore the req ...
... proliferation [25]. More recent studies in this same in vitro model have shown that while a prolonged ERK1/2 phosphorylation was associated with and necessary for fibre cell differentiation, it was not sufficient for this process to proceed normally [27]. Thus, while these studies underscore the req ...
Calcium-induced calcium release supports recruitment of synaptic
... frequency for 9 fibers is presented in Figure 2C. Of these, 5 are whole cell recordings and 4 ...
... frequency for 9 fibers is presented in Figure 2C. Of these, 5 are whole cell recordings and 4 ...
Blood Vessel Patterning at the Embryonic Midline
... which prevented extensive molecular analysis until these studies could be carried out at the single-cell level. Vascular pattern formation has been even more refractory to mechanistic analysis, even though these patterns have been described for hundreds of years. However, the recent surge in interes ...
... which prevented extensive molecular analysis until these studies could be carried out at the single-cell level. Vascular pattern formation has been even more refractory to mechanistic analysis, even though these patterns have been described for hundreds of years. However, the recent surge in interes ...
Chato, a KRAB zinc-finger protein, regulates
... In Xenopus and zebrafish, elongation of the anterior-posterior axis from a spherical early embryo depends on the movement and intercalation of lateral cells towards the midline, a process called convergent extension (reviewed by Wallingford et al., 2002). Extensive studies on intact embryos and tiss ...
... In Xenopus and zebrafish, elongation of the anterior-posterior axis from a spherical early embryo depends on the movement and intercalation of lateral cells towards the midline, a process called convergent extension (reviewed by Wallingford et al., 2002). Extensive studies on intact embryos and tiss ...
leishmania spp.: completely defined medium without serum and
... Abstract. The elimination of serum or of serum-derived macromolecules that supplant the fetal calf serum requirement from Leishmania culture media could decrease costs and improve the feasibility of large-scale production of well-defined parasite material. We report a completely defined medium, with ...
... Abstract. The elimination of serum or of serum-derived macromolecules that supplant the fetal calf serum requirement from Leishmania culture media could decrease costs and improve the feasibility of large-scale production of well-defined parasite material. We report a completely defined medium, with ...
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... progenitor proliferation [81], and in a stretch injury model [82]. Similarly, SHH drives the regeneration of bladder epithelium following tissue damage [83]. Given its effect on (stem) cell proliferation it does not come as a surprise that aberrant activation of the HH pathway can cause tumour forma ...
... progenitor proliferation [81], and in a stretch injury model [82]. Similarly, SHH drives the regeneration of bladder epithelium following tissue damage [83]. Given its effect on (stem) cell proliferation it does not come as a surprise that aberrant activation of the HH pathway can cause tumour forma ...
Arabinogalactan proteins are involved in root hair development in
... The reactive form, containing β-D-glucosyl residues (βGlcY), is capable of binding and/or precipitating AGPs (Yariv et al., 1962). Plants or organs treated with a Yariv reagent are deprived of functional AGPs naturally present on their surface, which allows their functional investigation in vivo. Ho ...
... The reactive form, containing β-D-glucosyl residues (βGlcY), is capable of binding and/or precipitating AGPs (Yariv et al., 1962). Plants or organs treated with a Yariv reagent are deprived of functional AGPs naturally present on their surface, which allows their functional investigation in vivo. Ho ...
Cell-Mediated Crystallization of Calcium Oxalate in
... structure is relevant to their function. In most cases, crystal chambers exhibit unit membrane structure characteristic of phospholipid bilayers (Arnott and Pautard, 1970). When unit membrane structure is not apparent, it is not clear whether the unit membrane is supplanted by an alternative structu ...
... structure is relevant to their function. In most cases, crystal chambers exhibit unit membrane structure characteristic of phospholipid bilayers (Arnott and Pautard, 1970). When unit membrane structure is not apparent, it is not clear whether the unit membrane is supplanted by an alternative structu ...
Full and Partial Agonists of Muscarinic M3 Receptors Reveal Single
... reflect integration of signaling by two or more different receptors activated coincidentally or sequentially. In addition to heterologous desensitization, there are examples in which receptor activation either reveals or potentiates signaling by a different receptor type, although this is perhaps le ...
... reflect integration of signaling by two or more different receptors activated coincidentally or sequentially. In addition to heterologous desensitization, there are examples in which receptor activation either reveals or potentiates signaling by a different receptor type, although this is perhaps le ...
Inhibition of Golgi function causes plastid starch accumulation
... 2606 | Hummel et al. not shown; see Saint-Jore et al., 2002; Langhans et al., 2007). In non-synchronized cultures, 3 h of BFA treatment were required to remove the Golgi apparatus completely. Further treatment led to continued growth of starch granules which were significantly larger after 3 h of i ...
... 2606 | Hummel et al. not shown; see Saint-Jore et al., 2002; Langhans et al., 2007). In non-synchronized cultures, 3 h of BFA treatment were required to remove the Golgi apparatus completely. Further treatment led to continued growth of starch granules which were significantly larger after 3 h of i ...
Long-Term Acclimation of the Cyanobacterium
... selectively decrease the PSI content during acclimation to high light (HL) and its growth is severely inhibited under prolonged HL conditions (Hihara et al., 1998; Sonoike et al., 2001). A similar defect in maintaining reduced PSI content in HL has been demonstrated in a Synechocystis strain lacking ...
... selectively decrease the PSI content during acclimation to high light (HL) and its growth is severely inhibited under prolonged HL conditions (Hihara et al., 1998; Sonoike et al., 2001). A similar defect in maintaining reduced PSI content in HL has been demonstrated in a Synechocystis strain lacking ...
Sialic Acid Binding Domains of CD22 Are Required For Negative
... binding domain or introduction of two point mutations, (R130A and R137E), diminishes the negative regulatory function of CD22. This means that the ectodomains of CD22 are required for full function. We favor the hypothesis that this loss of function is directly due to the loss of binding to a sialic ...
... binding domain or introduction of two point mutations, (R130A and R137E), diminishes the negative regulatory function of CD22. This means that the ectodomains of CD22 are required for full function. We favor the hypothesis that this loss of function is directly due to the loss of binding to a sialic ...
The Function of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
... the theory of myocardial ischemia, which however was not fully accepted until over a century later (Proudfit, 1983). During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, the condition was rare, and it only became more significant during the early twentieth century, probably due to evolving changes in lif ...
... the theory of myocardial ischemia, which however was not fully accepted until over a century later (Proudfit, 1983). During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, the condition was rare, and it only became more significant during the early twentieth century, probably due to evolving changes in lif ...
www.drmichaellevin.org
... Wood, 1997; Levin, 1998; Levin and Mercola, 1998]. Within the last few years, some understanding of the molecular basis for LR patterning has been gained through the characterization of a cascade of asymmetrically expressed genes in the chick [Levin et al., 1995, 1997; Isaac et al., 1997]. The most ...
... Wood, 1997; Levin, 1998; Levin and Mercola, 1998]. Within the last few years, some understanding of the molecular basis for LR patterning has been gained through the characterization of a cascade of asymmetrically expressed genes in the chick [Levin et al., 1995, 1997; Isaac et al., 1997]. The most ...
Tissue engineering
Tissue engineering is the use of a combination of cells, engineering and materials methods, and suitable biochemical and physicochemical factors to improve or replace biological functions. While it was once categorized as a sub-field of biomaterials, having grown in scope and importance it can be considered as a field in its own right.While most definitions of tissue engineering cover a broad range of applications, in practice the term is closely associated with applications that repair or replace portions of or whole tissues (i.e., bone, cartilage, blood vessels, bladder, skin, muscle etc.). Often, the tissues involved require certain mechanical and structural properties for proper functioning. The term has also been applied to efforts to perform specific biochemical functions using cells within an artificially-created support system (e.g. an artificial pancreas, or a bio artificial liver). The term regenerative medicine is often used synonymously with tissue engineering, although those involved in regenerative medicine place more emphasis on the use of stem cells or progenitor cells to produce tissues.