The proteasomal deubiquitinating enzyme POH1 promotes the
... emboj.2012.232; Published online 21 August 2012 Subject Categories: proteins; genome stability & dynamics Keywords: 53BP1; double-strand break repair; DUB; ...
... emboj.2012.232; Published online 21 August 2012 Subject Categories: proteins; genome stability & dynamics Keywords: 53BP1; double-strand break repair; DUB; ...
Degradation of DNA damage-independently stalled RNA
... (3). Adverse growth conditions such as lack of nutrients leading to low NTP levels most likely further impair transcription elongation as mimicked by treatment with the drug 6-azauracil (6AU). RNAPII complexes stalled during transcription elongation for a prolonged time might stall irreversibly. Thu ...
... (3). Adverse growth conditions such as lack of nutrients leading to low NTP levels most likely further impair transcription elongation as mimicked by treatment with the drug 6-azauracil (6AU). RNAPII complexes stalled during transcription elongation for a prolonged time might stall irreversibly. Thu ...
Using intrinsically fluorescent proteins for plant cell
... predicted location, but the construct can alter in vivo activity (Wang et al., 2004). In establishing the fidelity of the IFP chimera, consideration must be given to the activity of the chimeric protein as well as to its localization. The fidelity of the observed localization pattern is important an ...
... predicted location, but the construct can alter in vivo activity (Wang et al., 2004). In establishing the fidelity of the IFP chimera, consideration must be given to the activity of the chimeric protein as well as to its localization. The fidelity of the observed localization pattern is important an ...
Mesoderm migration in the Xenopus gastrula
... by extending and retracting multiple lamellipodia, which pull the cell body in their direction. Lamellipodia formation is induced by FN. FN fibrils are present on the BCR as part of the in vivo substrate of mesoderm migration. Mesoderm cells can attach to the BCR independently of FN, but interaction ...
... by extending and retracting multiple lamellipodia, which pull the cell body in their direction. Lamellipodia formation is induced by FN. FN fibrils are present on the BCR as part of the in vivo substrate of mesoderm migration. Mesoderm cells can attach to the BCR independently of FN, but interaction ...
Only a subset of the binary cell fate decisions
... (E(spl)) complex, acts as a transcriptional activator of these genes (Bailey and Posakony, 1995; Lecourtis and Schweisguth, 1995). Activated Notch causes transcriptional activation of these E(spl) genes in transgenic flies, and this activation requires Su(H), providing further evidence for the parti ...
... (E(spl)) complex, acts as a transcriptional activator of these genes (Bailey and Posakony, 1995; Lecourtis and Schweisguth, 1995). Activated Notch causes transcriptional activation of these E(spl) genes in transgenic flies, and this activation requires Su(H), providing further evidence for the parti ...
Pectin methylesterases: cell wall enzymes with important roles in
... and development, intercellular communication, and interaction with the environment1. The primary cell wall is largely composed of polysaccharides (cellulose, hemicelluloses and pectins), enzymes and structural proteins. Pectins are a highly heterogeneous group of polymers that includes homogalacturo ...
... and development, intercellular communication, and interaction with the environment1. The primary cell wall is largely composed of polysaccharides (cellulose, hemicelluloses and pectins), enzymes and structural proteins. Pectins are a highly heterogeneous group of polymers that includes homogalacturo ...
Cell Wall Polysaccharides are Mislocalized to the Vacuole in
... More recently, molecular genetic studies have corroborated these inhibitor studies and identified several specific targets of these inhibitors. A screen employing secreted green fluorescent protein (secGFP), which does not significantly fluoresce in the apoplast but accumulates in the endomembrane s ...
... More recently, molecular genetic studies have corroborated these inhibitor studies and identified several specific targets of these inhibitors. A screen employing secreted green fluorescent protein (secGFP), which does not significantly fluoresce in the apoplast but accumulates in the endomembrane s ...
figure 2 - Open Biology
... generating predictive models: (i) reference shapes were chosen manually as phenotypic extremes [26], and therefore it is possible that the shape space defined by these phenotypes does not account for the variance present in the dataset; (ii) as the reference shapes are generated by overexpression of ...
... generating predictive models: (i) reference shapes were chosen manually as phenotypic extremes [26], and therefore it is possible that the shape space defined by these phenotypes does not account for the variance present in the dataset; (ii) as the reference shapes are generated by overexpression of ...
An EMMPRIN–c-catenin–Nm23 complex drives ATP production and
... in the continuous non-fenestrated endothelium of heart and lung vessels and in the specialized tight endothelium of the blood-brain barrier, but not in the continuous fenestrated endothelium of kidney glomeruli and spleen – a pattern indicating a correlation between EMMPRIN expression and junction ...
... in the continuous non-fenestrated endothelium of heart and lung vessels and in the specialized tight endothelium of the blood-brain barrier, but not in the continuous fenestrated endothelium of kidney glomeruli and spleen – a pattern indicating a correlation between EMMPRIN expression and junction ...
Sugar-Regulated Expression of a Putative
... In addition to their role as major nutrients for cell growth and function, sugars may be involved in plant development and act as potential signals for the regulation of various genes controlling key processes (Jang and Sheen, 1994; Koch, 1996; Smeekens and Rook, 1997; Gibson, 2000; Smeekens, 2000). ...
... In addition to their role as major nutrients for cell growth and function, sugars may be involved in plant development and act as potential signals for the regulation of various genes controlling key processes (Jang and Sheen, 1994; Koch, 1996; Smeekens and Rook, 1997; Gibson, 2000; Smeekens, 2000). ...
ASYMMETRIC CELL DIVISION IN PLANTS
... exist. Upon spore germination, cell division is asymmetric: It gives rise to a “mother” cell capable of mating-type switching during the next cell cycle, and a “daughter” cell—which originates as a growing bud on the mother cell—that is not able to switch (Figure 2A). In this way, yeast spores gener ...
... exist. Upon spore germination, cell division is asymmetric: It gives rise to a “mother” cell capable of mating-type switching during the next cell cycle, and a “daughter” cell—which originates as a growing bud on the mother cell—that is not able to switch (Figure 2A). In this way, yeast spores gener ...
Rapid movement of axonal neurofilaments interrupted by prolonged
... Axonal cytoskeletal and cytosolic proteins are synthesized in the neuronal cell body and transported along axons by slow axonal transport, but attempts to observe this movement directly in living cells have yielded conflicting results. Here we report the direct observation of the axonal transport of ...
... Axonal cytoskeletal and cytosolic proteins are synthesized in the neuronal cell body and transported along axons by slow axonal transport, but attempts to observe this movement directly in living cells have yielded conflicting results. Here we report the direct observation of the axonal transport of ...
PDF
... the n bandlet can be distinguished after their first divisions (Zackson, 1984). Cells in one class (called nf) undergo an asymmetric division (large anterior daughter and small posterior daughter) approximately 22 h after they are born, whereas those in the other class (called ns) undergo a symmetri ...
... the n bandlet can be distinguished after their first divisions (Zackson, 1984). Cells in one class (called nf) undergo an asymmetric division (large anterior daughter and small posterior daughter) approximately 22 h after they are born, whereas those in the other class (called ns) undergo a symmetri ...
Journal of Cell Science • Advance article Rop, the
... called mitotic domains (Fig. 1B,C)(Foe, 1989). Because these clusters of cells divide rapidly and reside at the embryo surface, furrow formation, ingression, and abscission are easily imaged live. Such live-imaging reveals what stage cytokinesis fails at and detects phenotypes more subtle than failu ...
... called mitotic domains (Fig. 1B,C)(Foe, 1989). Because these clusters of cells divide rapidly and reside at the embryo surface, furrow formation, ingression, and abscission are easily imaged live. Such live-imaging reveals what stage cytokinesis fails at and detects phenotypes more subtle than failu ...
the unfolded protein response in yeast and mammals Chris
... An as-yet undiscovered mammalian Ire1 substrate mRNA may encode a transcription factor analogous to Hac1p in yeast, but it is also conceivable that Hac1p’s position in the pathway as proximal activator of transcription is filled by another protein whose activation is not regulated by splicing. Mamma ...
... An as-yet undiscovered mammalian Ire1 substrate mRNA may encode a transcription factor analogous to Hac1p in yeast, but it is also conceivable that Hac1p’s position in the pathway as proximal activator of transcription is filled by another protein whose activation is not regulated by splicing. Mamma ...
Meiotic Induction of the Yeast HOP1 Gene Is
... 22, 35, 37). It is appealing to imagine that these genes are regulated in a coordinated fashion to ensure that they are expressed at the proper time and level during meiosis. The signals that control entry into meiosis by the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been well studied and include a specif ...
... 22, 35, 37). It is appealing to imagine that these genes are regulated in a coordinated fashion to ensure that they are expressed at the proper time and level during meiosis. The signals that control entry into meiosis by the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been well studied and include a specif ...
Diatoms
... Diatoms grow hydrated silica “shells” to protect themselves from harm. These cell walls often form in two pieces that fit together like a box and a lid. There is a wide diversity in how they look. Tiny pores in the silica allow for gas exchange Different types of diatoms ...
... Diatoms grow hydrated silica “shells” to protect themselves from harm. These cell walls often form in two pieces that fit together like a box and a lid. There is a wide diversity in how they look. Tiny pores in the silica allow for gas exchange Different types of diatoms ...
BMP Induction of Id Proteins Suppresses Differentiation
... Single cell cloning and the near-complete absence of differentiation in LIF plus BMP cultures suggested that the effect of BMP is likely to be directly on ES cells rather than mediated via differentiated progeny. However, previous studies reporting BMP receptor expression and BMP responsiveness duri ...
... Single cell cloning and the near-complete absence of differentiation in LIF plus BMP cultures suggested that the effect of BMP is likely to be directly on ES cells rather than mediated via differentiated progeny. However, previous studies reporting BMP receptor expression and BMP responsiveness duri ...
The C-terminal end of R-Ras contains a focal adhesion targeting
... mutagenesis. These genes were ultimately cloned into pEGFP-C1A. Plasmids pEXV-Rac12V and pEXV-Rac17N (gifts from A. Hall) were used to excise the corresponding Rac1 mutants to reclone them to pEGFP-C1A and pEGFP-N1 (Clontech). The human Arf6 reading frame was amplified by PCR from HeLa cDNA and clon ...
... mutagenesis. These genes were ultimately cloned into pEGFP-C1A. Plasmids pEXV-Rac12V and pEXV-Rac17N (gifts from A. Hall) were used to excise the corresponding Rac1 mutants to reclone them to pEGFP-C1A and pEGFP-N1 (Clontech). The human Arf6 reading frame was amplified by PCR from HeLa cDNA and clon ...
Phosphatidylserine, a death knell
... acts on the extracytosolic, external face of the plasma membrane to regulate intercellular interactions. Appreciation of this new role for phospholipids was galvanized by the demonstration that phosphatidylserine (PS) appears on the surface of apoptotic lymphocytes and contributes to their phagocyto ...
... acts on the extracytosolic, external face of the plasma membrane to regulate intercellular interactions. Appreciation of this new role for phospholipids was galvanized by the demonstration that phosphatidylserine (PS) appears on the surface of apoptotic lymphocytes and contributes to their phagocyto ...
Growth rate regulation of lac operon expression in Escherichia coli
... where it binds to CRP to form the cAMP^CRP complex, which then binds to the CRP binding region located near the lac promoter and enhances its transcription. The catabolite repression model is further supported by the observation that glucose can also lower the expression of crp gene and reduce the i ...
... where it binds to CRP to form the cAMP^CRP complex, which then binds to the CRP binding region located near the lac promoter and enhances its transcription. The catabolite repression model is further supported by the observation that glucose can also lower the expression of crp gene and reduce the i ...
Expression of Cell Adhesion Molecule E
... member of the cadherin gene family, is responsible for the Ca2+-dependent adhesion between cleavage stage Xenopus blastomeres. Detectable accumulation of E-cadherin started just before gastrulation at stage 91/2 and increased rapidly up to the end of gastrulation at stage 15. In stage 15 embryos, sp ...
... member of the cadherin gene family, is responsible for the Ca2+-dependent adhesion between cleavage stage Xenopus blastomeres. Detectable accumulation of E-cadherin started just before gastrulation at stage 91/2 and increased rapidly up to the end of gastrulation at stage 15. In stage 15 embryos, sp ...
development through auxin-induced cytokinin oxidase activity
... leaf primordia at a later developmental stage, DR5⬋GUS seedlings were grown for 6 d in high R/FR, and then maintained in high R/FR or transferred to low R/FR for 4 h. At this stage, the initiation of the leaf lamina and the differentiation of the midvein occurred; DR5⬋GUS expression diminished in th ...
... leaf primordia at a later developmental stage, DR5⬋GUS seedlings were grown for 6 d in high R/FR, and then maintained in high R/FR or transferred to low R/FR for 4 h. At this stage, the initiation of the leaf lamina and the differentiation of the midvein occurred; DR5⬋GUS expression diminished in th ...
Cell cycle
The cell cycle or cell-division cycle is the series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication (replication) that produces two daughter cells. In prokaryotes which lack a cell nucleus, the cell cycle occurs via a process termed binary fission. In cells with a nucleus, as in eukaryotes, the cell cycle can be divided into three periods: interphase, the mitotic (M) phase, and cytokinesis. During interphase, the cell grows, accumulating nutrients needed for mitosis, preparing it for cell division and duplicating its DNA. During the mitotic phase, the cell splits itself into two distinct daughter cells. During the final stage, cytokinesis, the new cell is completely divided. To ensure the proper division of the cell, there are control mechanisms known as cell cycle checkpoints.The cell-division cycle is a vital process by which a single-celled fertilized egg develops into a mature organism, as well as the process by which hair, skin, blood cells, and some internal organs are renewed. After cell division, each of the daughter cells begin the interphase of a new cycle. Although the various stages of interphase are not usually morphologically distinguishable, each phase of the cell cycle has a distinct set of specialized biochemical processes that prepare the cell for initiation of cell division.