Phylogenomics demonstrates that breviate flagellates are related to
... that B. anathema is sister to the Amoebozoa with the ancyromonads sister to Opisthokonta þ apusomonads (OA) [21], but these results were again compromised by missing data for B. anathema. Most recently, a 30-protein phylogeny showed a BA clade with weak support that could not be conclusively placed ...
... that B. anathema is sister to the Amoebozoa with the ancyromonads sister to Opisthokonta þ apusomonads (OA) [21], but these results were again compromised by missing data for B. anathema. Most recently, a 30-protein phylogeny showed a BA clade with weak support that could not be conclusively placed ...
Stimulation of Cell Elongation by Tetraploidy in Hypocotyls of Dark
... affects cell size [1, 5]. The first of these proposes that gene expression is proportional to ploidy level. In this case, total metabolic activity would be enhanced in polyploid tissues, and this would lead to an increase in growth rate [1]. Circumstantial support for this hypothesis is provided by ...
... affects cell size [1, 5]. The first of these proposes that gene expression is proportional to ploidy level. In this case, total metabolic activity would be enhanced in polyploid tissues, and this would lead to an increase in growth rate [1]. Circumstantial support for this hypothesis is provided by ...
Phospholipase D Activation Correlates with Microtubule
... In some cases, evidence for PA stimulating the downstream responses also was provided (Munnik, 2001). In general, PA is thought to work by binding target proteins downstream in the signaling cascade. Binding may activate these components directly or indirectly by concentrating them at membrane loci ...
... In some cases, evidence for PA stimulating the downstream responses also was provided (Munnik, 2001). In general, PA is thought to work by binding target proteins downstream in the signaling cascade. Binding may activate these components directly or indirectly by concentrating them at membrane loci ...
Role of CD45 Signaling Pathway in Galactoxylomannan- Induced T Cell Damage
... of all nucleated hematopoietic cells and their precursors, except for mature erythrocytes and platelets. It is one of the most abundant cell surface glycoproteins, comprising up to 10% of the cell surface area. The cytoplasmic region shares a remarkable 95% homology across all mammalian species anal ...
... of all nucleated hematopoietic cells and their precursors, except for mature erythrocytes and platelets. It is one of the most abundant cell surface glycoproteins, comprising up to 10% of the cell surface area. The cytoplasmic region shares a remarkable 95% homology across all mammalian species anal ...
T Cell Proliferation Induced by Autologous Non
... on the process of thymic selection, in which T cells with high affinity for peptides derived from self-Ags are deleted. However, the persistence in the T cell repertoire of cells with some reactivity with self-peptides, through presumably low affinity interactions between peptide-MHC class II comple ...
... on the process of thymic selection, in which T cells with high affinity for peptides derived from self-Ags are deleted. However, the persistence in the T cell repertoire of cells with some reactivity with self-peptides, through presumably low affinity interactions between peptide-MHC class II comple ...
Adherens Junctions, Desmosomes and Tight
... within the cross-linked cornified envelope. Nevertheless, these corneodesmosomes (Fig. 2) remain functional and their ordinate digestion will eventually permit dissociation of the horny layer and desquamation of superficial corneocytes [19, ...
... within the cross-linked cornified envelope. Nevertheless, these corneodesmosomes (Fig. 2) remain functional and their ordinate digestion will eventually permit dissociation of the horny layer and desquamation of superficial corneocytes [19, ...
Cardiomyocytes from human pluripotent stem cells: From laboratory
... there is greater consistency between lines and laboratories. Also, protocols yield a mixed population of CM subtypes, including ventricular-, atrial- and pacemaker-like cells. Cultures containing a single subtype are preferred; for example, ventricular cells are needed to evaluate drugs that have To ...
... there is greater consistency between lines and laboratories. Also, protocols yield a mixed population of CM subtypes, including ventricular-, atrial- and pacemaker-like cells. Cultures containing a single subtype are preferred; for example, ventricular cells are needed to evaluate drugs that have To ...
Full-Text PDF
... the BSF equivalent to the FC of procyclic forms [65]. Later on in the cycle the cell will duplicate, which requires replication and segregation of all its organelles including the FP and the FP cytoskeleton. The latter includes a quartet of microtubules (4MT) also known as microtubule quartet (MTQ), ...
... the BSF equivalent to the FC of procyclic forms [65]. Later on in the cycle the cell will duplicate, which requires replication and segregation of all its organelles including the FP and the FP cytoskeleton. The latter includes a quartet of microtubules (4MT) also known as microtubule quartet (MTQ), ...
Interesting Facts - Raleigh Charter High School
... asexual reproduction where the paramecium splits itself down the middle, making two new paramecium. They perform sexual reproduction only under stressful conditions. Two paramecium bind forming a cytoplasmic bridge between them. Then the micronucleus of the paramecium undergoes meiosis. Four nuclei ...
... asexual reproduction where the paramecium splits itself down the middle, making two new paramecium. They perform sexual reproduction only under stressful conditions. Two paramecium bind forming a cytoplasmic bridge between them. Then the micronucleus of the paramecium undergoes meiosis. Four nuclei ...
Organization of the Sea Urchin Egg Endoplasmic Reticulum and Its
... results in a rearrangement of the subcortical ER near the animal pole (Campanella et al., 1988) . Using the DiI-oil drop injection technique, we have now made continuous observations of the rearrangements of the ER in the living sea urchin egg during fertilization . We find that within the first 20 ...
... results in a rearrangement of the subcortical ER near the animal pole (Campanella et al., 1988) . Using the DiI-oil drop injection technique, we have now made continuous observations of the rearrangements of the ER in the living sea urchin egg during fertilization . We find that within the first 20 ...
Expression of the RET Receptor Tyrosine Kinase and GDNFR
... which a small population of self-renewing primitive progenitors generates an offspring of increasingly differentiated end cells with specific functional activities.1 This process is controlled by a number of growth factors and cytokines,1 with some of them exerting their specific functions through t ...
... which a small population of self-renewing primitive progenitors generates an offspring of increasingly differentiated end cells with specific functional activities.1 This process is controlled by a number of growth factors and cytokines,1 with some of them exerting their specific functions through t ...
-Tubulin Plays an Essential Role in the Coordination of Mitotic Events
... arrested in late G2 by nimT23. They were then shifted rapidly from 43 to 20°C. This shift released the nimT23 block and imposed the mipAD159 block. Samples were collected immediately before the shift from 43 to 20°C and at intervals afterward and were prepared for immunofluorescence microscopy. As a ...
... arrested in late G2 by nimT23. They were then shifted rapidly from 43 to 20°C. This shift released the nimT23 block and imposed the mipAD159 block. Samples were collected immediately before the shift from 43 to 20°C and at intervals afterward and were prepared for immunofluorescence microscopy. As a ...
Peptide signalling during angiosperm seed
... the nucellus cells surrounding the distal regions of the female gametophyte, so that by the time the ovule reaches maturity much of the female gametophyte is surrounded by a composite wall deposited by both the nucellus and the innermost cell layer of the inner integument (the endothelium). Unsurpri ...
... the nucellus cells surrounding the distal regions of the female gametophyte, so that by the time the ovule reaches maturity much of the female gametophyte is surrounded by a composite wall deposited by both the nucellus and the innermost cell layer of the inner integument (the endothelium). Unsurpri ...
Journal of Plant Growth Regulation
... the biotic world was classified into two main divisions, plants and animals, on the basis of the conspicuous differences in their anatomy, morphology, behavior, and ecology. In the twentieth century, with ever increasingly sophisticated tools of analysis, cellular-level similarities between these tw ...
... the biotic world was classified into two main divisions, plants and animals, on the basis of the conspicuous differences in their anatomy, morphology, behavior, and ecology. In the twentieth century, with ever increasingly sophisticated tools of analysis, cellular-level similarities between these tw ...
autophagy - Botanik in Bonn
... [1] http://pilotfire.com/wp-content/uploads/autophagy.png [2] Mizushima, N. & Klionsky, D. J. 2007. Protein turnover via autophagy: implications for metabolism. Annu. Rev. Nutr. 27, 19–40. [3] Stolz, A., Ernst, A. & Dikic, I. 2014. Cargo recognition and trafficking in selective autophagy. Nat. Cell ...
... [1] http://pilotfire.com/wp-content/uploads/autophagy.png [2] Mizushima, N. & Klionsky, D. J. 2007. Protein turnover via autophagy: implications for metabolism. Annu. Rev. Nutr. 27, 19–40. [3] Stolz, A., Ernst, A. & Dikic, I. 2014. Cargo recognition and trafficking in selective autophagy. Nat. Cell ...
1 Cell wall integrity controls root elongation via ACC Corresponding
... generation to be efficiently inhibited by AIB, a very weak competitive inhibitor of ACC oxidase. To reverse most of the root response to 1µM external ACC, the highest tested dose of 1mM AIB was required (Fig. S1). Our finding that 10µM AIB reverses the isoxaben response suggests that only small amou ...
... generation to be efficiently inhibited by AIB, a very weak competitive inhibitor of ACC oxidase. To reverse most of the root response to 1µM external ACC, the highest tested dose of 1mM AIB was required (Fig. S1). Our finding that 10µM AIB reverses the isoxaben response suggests that only small amou ...
Cell Fate Specification in the C. elegans Embryo
... *Correspondence to: Morris F. Maduro, 2121A Genomics Building, Department of Biology, University of California, ...
... *Correspondence to: Morris F. Maduro, 2121A Genomics Building, Department of Biology, University of California, ...
TOR SIGNALLING IN BUGS, BRAIN AND BRAWN
... The processes of cell growth and cell division are usually coupled to give rise to cells of a specific size. There are certain exceptions, however, in which one process occurs independently of the other. For example, division without growth occurs during early development when embryonic cells divide ...
... The processes of cell growth and cell division are usually coupled to give rise to cells of a specific size. There are certain exceptions, however, in which one process occurs independently of the other. For example, division without growth occurs during early development when embryonic cells divide ...
4T, 3T AND 3T1D DRAM CELL DESIGN ON 32 NM
... diode instead of capacitor to store the data value. The absence of capacitor provides significance reduction in power consumption as compared to previous DRAM cell design. In order to write the cell at the BL write line level, it is only required to activate T1 through the WL write line. Hence, the ...
... diode instead of capacitor to store the data value. The absence of capacitor provides significance reduction in power consumption as compared to previous DRAM cell design. In order to write the cell at the BL write line level, it is only required to activate T1 through the WL write line. Hence, the ...
Quantitative Changes in Microtubule Distribution Correlate with
... showed a dramatic increase in peak intensities of microtubule bundles within guard cells as stomata open. This increase was correlated with an increase in the total fluorescence that could be attributed to polymerized tubulin. Adjacent pavement cells did not show similar changes in peak intensities ...
... showed a dramatic increase in peak intensities of microtubule bundles within guard cells as stomata open. This increase was correlated with an increase in the total fluorescence that could be attributed to polymerized tubulin. Adjacent pavement cells did not show similar changes in peak intensities ...
The Forces Behind Cell Movement
... and are functionally polar in nature [1,12]. This means that they have two distinct ends: a fast and a slow growing end (called the plus end and minus end respectively) [1,12]. The minus end has a critical actin monomer concentration that is ~6 times higher than that at the plus end (~0.6 μM and ~0. ...
... and are functionally polar in nature [1,12]. This means that they have two distinct ends: a fast and a slow growing end (called the plus end and minus end respectively) [1,12]. The minus end has a critical actin monomer concentration that is ~6 times higher than that at the plus end (~0.6 μM and ~0. ...
Full text - 2nd International Conference of the
... in 1875 by a decree of Francis Joseph I, emperor of the Austria-Hungary. Eduard Tangl was nominated as an extraordinary professor of botany on 23 July 1876, and ordinary professor of botany and pharmacognosy on 14 July 1881. The post gave him the long awaited financial stability. He took up his duti ...
... in 1875 by a decree of Francis Joseph I, emperor of the Austria-Hungary. Eduard Tangl was nominated as an extraordinary professor of botany on 23 July 1876, and ordinary professor of botany and pharmacognosy on 14 July 1881. The post gave him the long awaited financial stability. He took up his duti ...
Gram Stain - American Proficiency Institute
... appear pink or red. The Gram stain is used both to characterize bacteria growing on culture media and to directly examine specimens submitted for culture. It is especially useful in helping to quickly confirm or refute a physician’s presumptive diagnosis when infection is suspected, because culture ...
... appear pink or red. The Gram stain is used both to characterize bacteria growing on culture media and to directly examine specimens submitted for culture. It is especially useful in helping to quickly confirm or refute a physician’s presumptive diagnosis when infection is suspected, because culture ...
Cell cycle
The cell cycle or cell-division cycle is the series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication (replication) that produces two daughter cells. In prokaryotes which lack a cell nucleus, the cell cycle occurs via a process termed binary fission. In cells with a nucleus, as in eukaryotes, the cell cycle can be divided into three periods: interphase, the mitotic (M) phase, and cytokinesis. During interphase, the cell grows, accumulating nutrients needed for mitosis, preparing it for cell division and duplicating its DNA. During the mitotic phase, the cell splits itself into two distinct daughter cells. During the final stage, cytokinesis, the new cell is completely divided. To ensure the proper division of the cell, there are control mechanisms known as cell cycle checkpoints.The cell-division cycle is a vital process by which a single-celled fertilized egg develops into a mature organism, as well as the process by which hair, skin, blood cells, and some internal organs are renewed. After cell division, each of the daughter cells begin the interphase of a new cycle. Although the various stages of interphase are not usually morphologically distinguishable, each phase of the cell cycle has a distinct set of specialized biochemical processes that prepare the cell for initiation of cell division.