Encontro de Jovens Investigadores de Biologia Computacional
... preliminary quantification of the length of cell cycle phases in single cells by live-cell imaging showed high variability in the dynamics of cell cycle phases amongst different cell types. An exception was seen in mitosis, where different cells seem to maintain a short and constant length of time t ...
... preliminary quantification of the length of cell cycle phases in single cells by live-cell imaging showed high variability in the dynamics of cell cycle phases amongst different cell types. An exception was seen in mitosis, where different cells seem to maintain a short and constant length of time t ...
Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation
... hybridization experiments (Yang et al., 1994) showed that narrow rows of outer cortical cells express the S phase-specific histone H4 gene (Figure 3A). However, a mitotic cyclin gene specificallyexpressed during the G2-to-M phase transition is not activated. Hence, the cells that form the preinfecti ...
... hybridization experiments (Yang et al., 1994) showed that narrow rows of outer cortical cells express the S phase-specific histone H4 gene (Figure 3A). However, a mitotic cyclin gene specificallyexpressed during the G2-to-M phase transition is not activated. Hence, the cells that form the preinfecti ...
the Cytoskeleton in Plant Development1
... (Smertenko et at., 19981120]). Other proteins, such as EF-la (Collings et at., 1994121]), are supposed to bundle actin microfilaments — since this protein has also been isolated as a microtubule-bundling protein (Durso and Cyr, 1994]25]) it might cross-link microtubutes to the actin lattice. ...
... (Smertenko et at., 19981120]). Other proteins, such as EF-la (Collings et at., 1994121]), are supposed to bundle actin microfilaments — since this protein has also been isolated as a microtubule-bundling protein (Durso and Cyr, 1994]25]) it might cross-link microtubutes to the actin lattice. ...
The water of life: osmoregulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
... Interactions between the target of rapamycin (TOR) and the CWI pathways during nutrient stress, and effects on osmotolerance ...
... Interactions between the target of rapamycin (TOR) and the CWI pathways during nutrient stress, and effects on osmotolerance ...
The role of F-cadherin in localizing cells during neural tube
... D-V neuraxis. Nonetheless, the stripe of cells expressing Fcadherin remains at the sulcus limitans, and even sharpens in width during neurulation (Espeseth et al., 1995). Thus, if Fcadherin prevents cells from dispersing during C-E, then this might explain how cells that express F-cadherin localize ...
... D-V neuraxis. Nonetheless, the stripe of cells expressing Fcadherin remains at the sulcus limitans, and even sharpens in width during neurulation (Espeseth et al., 1995). Thus, if Fcadherin prevents cells from dispersing during C-E, then this might explain how cells that express F-cadherin localize ...
Relating the mechanics of the primary plant cell
... expansion per se is driven by turgor pressure, the spatiotemporal control of the process relies on the mechanics of the cell wall (Geitmann and Ortega, 2009). The cell wall not only confines the growth behavior of the individual cell but also regulates the development of the entire tissue, since nei ...
... expansion per se is driven by turgor pressure, the spatiotemporal control of the process relies on the mechanics of the cell wall (Geitmann and Ortega, 2009). The cell wall not only confines the growth behavior of the individual cell but also regulates the development of the entire tissue, since nei ...
PLANT CELL WALL PROTEINS
... the pistil, CELP mRNAs gather in stylar cells delimiting the transmitting tissue, and in the ovary, they center in a narrow row of cells lining the placenta that are a continuation from the stylar transmitting tissue to which ovules are attached. The expression pattern of CELP mRNAs in these tissues ...
... the pistil, CELP mRNAs gather in stylar cells delimiting the transmitting tissue, and in the ovary, they center in a narrow row of cells lining the placenta that are a continuation from the stylar transmitting tissue to which ovules are attached. The expression pattern of CELP mRNAs in these tissues ...
Secondary embryonic axis formation by
... and 4d; see Fig. 1D) of 22-cell stage embryos by means of fine glass needles and cultured them for 9 days. All of these embryos (n24) developed into rounded cell masses that failed to exhibit any sign of axial development (Fig. 2B); this phenotype was essentially the same as that obtained in Penner ...
... and 4d; see Fig. 1D) of 22-cell stage embryos by means of fine glass needles and cultured them for 9 days. All of these embryos (n24) developed into rounded cell masses that failed to exhibit any sign of axial development (Fig. 2B); this phenotype was essentially the same as that obtained in Penner ...
An inside-out origin for the eukaryotic cell
... The endosymbiont (that is, the nucleus) has been proposed to have been an archaeon [19-22], a spirochete [16], or a membrane-bound virus [17,18]. In general, endosymbiotic models are agnostic as to whether mitochondria were acquired before or after the nucleus. An exception to this is the syntrophic ...
... The endosymbiont (that is, the nucleus) has been proposed to have been an archaeon [19-22], a spirochete [16], or a membrane-bound virus [17,18]. In general, endosymbiotic models are agnostic as to whether mitochondria were acquired before or after the nucleus. An exception to this is the syntrophic ...
Cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in branching
... Clearance occurs by active epithelial absorption, and epithelial Na⫹ channels appear to be involved in this process. Several ...
... Clearance occurs by active epithelial absorption, and epithelial Na⫹ channels appear to be involved in this process. Several ...
Polarity and endocytosis: reciprocal regulation
... misplaced proteins (either for lysosomal degradation or transcytosis) to prevent the intermixing of domains (Figure 2c). Current data do not allow distinction between these and other speculative models. Studies of proteins required in the recycling pathway such as Rab11 would help to distinguish bet ...
... misplaced proteins (either for lysosomal degradation or transcytosis) to prevent the intermixing of domains (Figure 2c). Current data do not allow distinction between these and other speculative models. Studies of proteins required in the recycling pathway such as Rab11 would help to distinguish bet ...
Limbal stem cell deficiency and its management
... The limbus has two important functions with regards to the corneal epithelium. Firstly, the corneal epithelium is renewed by stem cells located at the limbus, the socalled limbal stem cells. Secondly, the limbus also acts as a barrier preventing the conjunctival epithelium and its blood vessels from ...
... The limbus has two important functions with regards to the corneal epithelium. Firstly, the corneal epithelium is renewed by stem cells located at the limbus, the socalled limbal stem cells. Secondly, the limbus also acts as a barrier preventing the conjunctival epithelium and its blood vessels from ...
Mechanics and Modeling of Plant Cell Growth
... reversible (elastic) deformation. The relationship between irreversible and elastic cell wall deformation is explicit in the augmented growth equations (equations 1 to 4) and the interplay can be recovered from their solutions for different cases, e.g. pressure relaxations [11,16] and step changes i ...
... reversible (elastic) deformation. The relationship between irreversible and elastic cell wall deformation is explicit in the augmented growth equations (equations 1 to 4) and the interplay can be recovered from their solutions for different cases, e.g. pressure relaxations [11,16] and step changes i ...
Golgi complex
... The Golgi complex distributes substances to other parts of the cell. membrane bound structure. The Golgi complex transports nutrients and waste by breaking of part of itself in bubbles .which transports the nutrients and waste to other parts of the cell, and out side of the cell with the bubble even ...
... The Golgi complex distributes substances to other parts of the cell. membrane bound structure. The Golgi complex transports nutrients and waste by breaking of part of itself in bubbles .which transports the nutrients and waste to other parts of the cell, and out side of the cell with the bubble even ...
Strategies of actin reorganisation in plant cells
... hairs, only actin patches, short rods and cytoplasmic staining were observed, whereas in non-growing root hairs, long filaments extended to the very tip (supplementary material Fig. S1C insets). The binding dynamic of GFP-Lifeact on F-actin was measured by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching ...
... hairs, only actin patches, short rods and cytoplasmic staining were observed, whereas in non-growing root hairs, long filaments extended to the very tip (supplementary material Fig. S1C insets). The binding dynamic of GFP-Lifeact on F-actin was measured by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching ...
Every B3 Past Paper Question
... Embryos are multi-cellular. They are made of many small cells. What is the advantage of being made of many small cells, rather than fewer, larger cells? ...
... Embryos are multi-cellular. They are made of many small cells. What is the advantage of being made of many small cells, rather than fewer, larger cells? ...
Podosome-type adhesions and focal adhesions, so alike yet so
... centered on an actin column and their general orientation is perpendicular to the substrate and the plasma membrane. This contrasts with the elongated structure of focal adhesions with a tangential orientation with respect to extracellular matrix (Fig. 1). Dynamics and tension associated to both str ...
... centered on an actin column and their general orientation is perpendicular to the substrate and the plasma membrane. This contrasts with the elongated structure of focal adhesions with a tangential orientation with respect to extracellular matrix (Fig. 1). Dynamics and tension associated to both str ...
The Drosophila centriole – conversion of
... mother centriole in cross section, the daughter centriole was always visible in a longitudinal orientation (Fig. 2E–G), whereas images showing cross sections of the daughter never contained the mother centriole (Fig. 2H,I). This is because the daughter centriole is always orthogonal to the basal end ...
... mother centriole in cross section, the daughter centriole was always visible in a longitudinal orientation (Fig. 2E–G), whereas images showing cross sections of the daughter never contained the mother centriole (Fig. 2H,I). This is because the daughter centriole is always orthogonal to the basal end ...
Integrin inside-out signaling and
... releases an interface between the headpiece and lower legs and yields an extended-closed conformation also with low affinity. Swing-out of the hybrid domain at its interface with the bI domain is connected through the bI a7-helix to rearrangements at the bI interface with the b-propeller domain that ...
... releases an interface between the headpiece and lower legs and yields an extended-closed conformation also with low affinity. Swing-out of the hybrid domain at its interface with the bI domain is connected through the bI a7-helix to rearrangements at the bI interface with the b-propeller domain that ...
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... toxin was calculated based on the standard curve. On further analysis, the concentration of B1 at 0 hour of incubation was high in the pellet for isolates 5, 16, 18 and 29, indicating immediate binding of the toxin to cells (Table 1). High binding immediately to the cell wall was observed earlier by ...
... toxin was calculated based on the standard curve. On further analysis, the concentration of B1 at 0 hour of incubation was high in the pellet for isolates 5, 16, 18 and 29, indicating immediate binding of the toxin to cells (Table 1). High binding immediately to the cell wall was observed earlier by ...
Induction of somatic embryogenesis as an example of stress
... the processes underlying the induction phase of SE”. In carrot SE 2,4-D is required for the initiation of a program that can proceed further on its own, while the removal of 2,4-D from the induction medium may be important to control the cellular polarity, which is one of the first cytological event ...
... the processes underlying the induction phase of SE”. In carrot SE 2,4-D is required for the initiation of a program that can proceed further on its own, while the removal of 2,4-D from the induction medium may be important to control the cellular polarity, which is one of the first cytological event ...
Chapter 6 Cell - SCF Faculty Site Homepage
... Vacuoles – they are like your garage and often look like balloons! Found in plant or fungal cells ...
... Vacuoles – they are like your garage and often look like balloons! Found in plant or fungal cells ...
1 Sporulation, bacterial cell envelopes, and the origin of life Elitza I
... cells. We also review the images of Gram-negative and Gram-positive cell walls that show they are more closely related than previously thought, and explain how this provides critical support for the hypothesis. Mapping the distribution of cell envelope architectures onto the most recent phylogenetic ...
... cells. We also review the images of Gram-negative and Gram-positive cell walls that show they are more closely related than previously thought, and explain how this provides critical support for the hypothesis. Mapping the distribution of cell envelope architectures onto the most recent phylogenetic ...
Paramecium trichocysts isolated with their membranes are stable in
... trichocyst crystalline matrix undergoes a structural transition in the presence of Ca 2 + , which is easily observable by light microscopy (Matt et al. 1978; Garofalo & Satir, 1984), we devised a 'Ca 2+ test' of membrane integrity. As shown in Fig. 3, the isolated trichocysts remain condensed in the ...
... trichocyst crystalline matrix undergoes a structural transition in the presence of Ca 2 + , which is easily observable by light microscopy (Matt et al. 1978; Garofalo & Satir, 1984), we devised a 'Ca 2+ test' of membrane integrity. As shown in Fig. 3, the isolated trichocysts remain condensed in the ...
SUMO Pathway Modulation of Regulatory Protein Binding
... reduction in rDNA binding in ulp2D cells, which is also rescued by elimination of Slx5. Additionally, overexpression of Sir2, another RFBassociated factor, suppresses the growth defect of ulp2D cells. Our data suggest that regulation of rDNA regulatory proteins by Ulp2 and the Slx5/Slx8 STUbL may be ...
... reduction in rDNA binding in ulp2D cells, which is also rescued by elimination of Slx5. Additionally, overexpression of Sir2, another RFBassociated factor, suppresses the growth defect of ulp2D cells. Our data suggest that regulation of rDNA regulatory proteins by Ulp2 and the Slx5/Slx8 STUbL may be ...
Cell cycle
The cell cycle or cell-division cycle is the series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication (replication) that produces two daughter cells. In prokaryotes which lack a cell nucleus, the cell cycle occurs via a process termed binary fission. In cells with a nucleus, as in eukaryotes, the cell cycle can be divided into three periods: interphase, the mitotic (M) phase, and cytokinesis. During interphase, the cell grows, accumulating nutrients needed for mitosis, preparing it for cell division and duplicating its DNA. During the mitotic phase, the cell splits itself into two distinct daughter cells. During the final stage, cytokinesis, the new cell is completely divided. To ensure the proper division of the cell, there are control mechanisms known as cell cycle checkpoints.The cell-division cycle is a vital process by which a single-celled fertilized egg develops into a mature organism, as well as the process by which hair, skin, blood cells, and some internal organs are renewed. After cell division, each of the daughter cells begin the interphase of a new cycle. Although the various stages of interphase are not usually morphologically distinguishable, each phase of the cell cycle has a distinct set of specialized biochemical processes that prepare the cell for initiation of cell division.