Localization of the mei-1 Gene Product of
... The mitotic-defective mutations, which include ts, dominant gain-of-function (gf) alleles of mei-l(ct46) and mel26(ct61), and recessive loss-of-function alleles of zyg-9, are characterized by a shortened mitotic spindle in the posterior of the embryo, often with a dorsal-ventral orientation (Fig. 1; ...
... The mitotic-defective mutations, which include ts, dominant gain-of-function (gf) alleles of mei-l(ct46) and mel26(ct61), and recessive loss-of-function alleles of zyg-9, are characterized by a shortened mitotic spindle in the posterior of the embryo, often with a dorsal-ventral orientation (Fig. 1; ...
Convergence and Extension Movements During Vertebrate
... 2. The Regional and Temporal Pattern of C&E Movements in the Mesoderm During the first 3 hours of development, the zebrafish embryo undergoes rapid synchronous cell divisions to form a mound of blastomeres atop a large syncytial yolk cell (Kimmel et al., 1995). Maternally contributed transcripts and ...
... 2. The Regional and Temporal Pattern of C&E Movements in the Mesoderm During the first 3 hours of development, the zebrafish embryo undergoes rapid synchronous cell divisions to form a mound of blastomeres atop a large syncytial yolk cell (Kimmel et al., 1995). Maternally contributed transcripts and ...
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... (BSA)];33 % was considered surface bound (accessible to BSA). The cellular distribution of aminopeptidase activity is consistent with the model that cell surface aminopeptidase generate oligomers which diffuse into the periplasm where they are monomerized by the high aminopeptidase activity in an en ...
... (BSA)];33 % was considered surface bound (accessible to BSA). The cellular distribution of aminopeptidase activity is consistent with the model that cell surface aminopeptidase generate oligomers which diffuse into the periplasm where they are monomerized by the high aminopeptidase activity in an en ...
SHAPE CONTROL IN THE HUMAN RED CELL
... shape change, one slow and one rapid (Jinbu, Nakao, Otsuka & Sato, 1983; Jinbu, Sato & Nakao, 1984a; Jinbu, Sato, Nakao & Tsukita, 19846). Completion of the slow process conditions the cell, so that it can respond rapidly to addition of ATP, even at 6°C. From this they suggested that membrane protei ...
... shape change, one slow and one rapid (Jinbu, Nakao, Otsuka & Sato, 1983; Jinbu, Sato & Nakao, 1984a; Jinbu, Sato, Nakao & Tsukita, 19846). Completion of the slow process conditions the cell, so that it can respond rapidly to addition of ATP, even at 6°C. From this they suggested that membrane protei ...
INTERLEUKIN 6 DECREASES CELL
... was designated as epithelioid if over half of the cells in the colony had a polygonal shape, and nonepithelioid if less than half were polygonal. The polygonal T47D cells were flatter and had clearer borders than ZR75-1 cells . The nonpolygonal cells were angular in shape and commonly possessed proc ...
... was designated as epithelioid if over half of the cells in the colony had a polygonal shape, and nonepithelioid if less than half were polygonal. The polygonal T47D cells were flatter and had clearer borders than ZR75-1 cells . The nonpolygonal cells were angular in shape and commonly possessed proc ...
SED4 Encodes a Yeast Endoplasmic Reticulum
... be recruited to the vesicle from the cytoplasm since there is no soluble cytoplasmic pool of Secl6p. Instead, Secl6p adheres tightly to the E R membrane and may form a peripheral membrane scaffold onto which cytosolic coat proteins assemble (Espenshade et al., 1995). An important mechanistic problem ...
... be recruited to the vesicle from the cytoplasm since there is no soluble cytoplasmic pool of Secl6p. Instead, Secl6p adheres tightly to the E R membrane and may form a peripheral membrane scaffold onto which cytosolic coat proteins assemble (Espenshade et al., 1995). An important mechanistic problem ...
Roles for Rice Membrane Dynamics and Plasmodesmata during
... (Stark-Urnau and Mendgen, 1995). Koh et al. (2005) used live-cell confocal microscopy to study the powdery mildew fungus Erysiphe cichoracearum in epidermal cells of Arabidopsis. They used Arabidopsis plants engineered to tag various organelles with green fluorescent protein (GFP) and reported very ...
... (Stark-Urnau and Mendgen, 1995). Koh et al. (2005) used live-cell confocal microscopy to study the powdery mildew fungus Erysiphe cichoracearum in epidermal cells of Arabidopsis. They used Arabidopsis plants engineered to tag various organelles with green fluorescent protein (GFP) and reported very ...
Full Text - Plant and Cell Physiology
... transmission electron microscopy (TEM) have shown that the localization of CESAs is not restricted to the PM; CESAs are also detected in several intracellular compartments including the Golgi apparatus, the trans-Golgi network (TGN) and the distinctive organelles referred to as microtubule-associate ...
... transmission electron microscopy (TEM) have shown that the localization of CESAs is not restricted to the PM; CESAs are also detected in several intracellular compartments including the Golgi apparatus, the trans-Golgi network (TGN) and the distinctive organelles referred to as microtubule-associate ...
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... show that a ‘microtip’ can form at the apex of Aspergillus niger hyphae under conditions of nutrient stress, so that the cell resembles the shape of a dolphin’s head (Fig 3). The function of this morphology is not known, though Bowen et al. (2007) speculate that it may play some role in sensing the ...
... show that a ‘microtip’ can form at the apex of Aspergillus niger hyphae under conditions of nutrient stress, so that the cell resembles the shape of a dolphin’s head (Fig 3). The function of this morphology is not known, though Bowen et al. (2007) speculate that it may play some role in sensing the ...
Makorin ortholog LEP-2 regulates LIN-28 stability to
... stage-specific division pattern have been the focus of most studies elucidating the heterochronic pathway in C. elegans (Rougvie and Moss, 2013). Mutations in heterochronic genes cause alae to appear earlier or later than normal. Loss-of-function lin-28 mutations result in the precocious formation o ...
... stage-specific division pattern have been the focus of most studies elucidating the heterochronic pathway in C. elegans (Rougvie and Moss, 2013). Mutations in heterochronic genes cause alae to appear earlier or later than normal. Loss-of-function lin-28 mutations result in the precocious formation o ...
D:Int Agrophysics -2Cybulskacybulska.vp - Research
... Model bacterial cell walls in dry state were also subjected to AFM observations (Fig. 4). All the pictures presented are in the same scale in order to simplify their qualitative comparison. The materials had different chemical composition and this difference was reflected in the microstructure. Pure ...
... Model bacterial cell walls in dry state were also subjected to AFM observations (Fig. 4). All the pictures presented are in the same scale in order to simplify their qualitative comparison. The materials had different chemical composition and this difference was reflected in the microstructure. Pure ...
![An FGF4-FRS2[alpha]-Cdx2 Axis in Trophoblast Stem Cells Induces](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/004612399_1-b568e9f7ef7ac5f7304ea5d975b0dd52-300x300.png)
An FGF4-FRS2[alpha]-Cdx2 Axis in Trophoblast Stem Cells Induces
... member of the caudal-related homeobox transcription factors [29]. Cdx2 has been reported to be specifically expressed in the TE at the blastocyst stage and its expression is maintained within the proliferating ExE [30]. Homozygous Cdx2 mutants fail to form trophoblast giant cells or produce TS cell l ...
... member of the caudal-related homeobox transcription factors [29]. Cdx2 has been reported to be specifically expressed in the TE at the blastocyst stage and its expression is maintained within the proliferating ExE [30]. Homozygous Cdx2 mutants fail to form trophoblast giant cells or produce TS cell l ...
Computational modelling of mitotic exit in budding yeast: the role of
... spindle elongation by cohesin cleavage, which activates MEN by bringing Tem1 together with its activator Lte1 [6,9]. The proteolytic function of separase can be mimicked by inducing TEV protease in the presence of TEV-cleavable cohesins [10]. In contrast, the nonproteolytic function of separase is n ...
... spindle elongation by cohesin cleavage, which activates MEN by bringing Tem1 together with its activator Lte1 [6,9]. The proteolytic function of separase can be mimicked by inducing TEV protease in the presence of TEV-cleavable cohesins [10]. In contrast, the nonproteolytic function of separase is n ...
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... experiments on cultured cells (Al-Awqati, 1996) and in vivo (Schwartz et al., 2002; Gao et al., 2010) but the transcriptional mechanisms underlying its activities are still unclear. Moreover, little is known about when ICs acquire subtype properties during their differentiation, or the developmental ...
... experiments on cultured cells (Al-Awqati, 1996) and in vivo (Schwartz et al., 2002; Gao et al., 2010) but the transcriptional mechanisms underlying its activities are still unclear. Moreover, little is known about when ICs acquire subtype properties during their differentiation, or the developmental ...
Materials and methods - HAL
... cross-linked; 0.77 mEq of amino group/g) using 1 mmol of N--Fmoc amino acid derivatives. The side chain-protecting groups were: trityl for Cys and Asn; tert-bytyl for Ser, Thr, Glu, and Asp; pentamethylchroman for Arg, and tert-butyloxycarbonyl or Biotin for Lys. N--amino groups were deprotected b ...
... cross-linked; 0.77 mEq of amino group/g) using 1 mmol of N--Fmoc amino acid derivatives. The side chain-protecting groups were: trityl for Cys and Asn; tert-bytyl for Ser, Thr, Glu, and Asp; pentamethylchroman for Arg, and tert-butyloxycarbonyl or Biotin for Lys. N--amino groups were deprotected b ...
Chapter 1 Jeopardy Review
... together because none of them have a ______________ to support its body. ...
... together because none of them have a ______________ to support its body. ...
Meristem-Specific Suppression of Mitosis and a
... which separate in large numbers from the caps of species such as cereals and legumes, are not a degenerate waste product (Knudson, 1919). Instead, they represent the ultimate step in root cap development. Upon separation from the cap, these unusual cells develop into a uniquely differentiated and li ...
... which separate in large numbers from the caps of species such as cereals and legumes, are not a degenerate waste product (Knudson, 1919). Instead, they represent the ultimate step in root cap development. Upon separation from the cap, these unusual cells develop into a uniquely differentiated and li ...
Meiosis: Its Origin According to the Viral
... appear that the archaea were also present prior to the origin of the eukaryotes. This is con‐ firmed by the observation that the ancestral eukaryotic genome is a chimera of bacterial and archaeal genes [4] which indicates that prokaryotes of the archaeal domain were also present at the origin of the ...
... appear that the archaea were also present prior to the origin of the eukaryotes. This is con‐ firmed by the observation that the ancestral eukaryotic genome is a chimera of bacterial and archaeal genes [4] which indicates that prokaryotes of the archaeal domain were also present at the origin of the ...
Protection of Retinal Ganglion Cells from Natural and Axotomy
... degeneration of injured RGCs (Berkelaar et al., 1994) suggests that regeneration may be improved considerably by prolonging survival. The identification of the molecular mechanisms underlying traumatic degeneration in the CNS therefore seems crucial for the development of new approaches aimed at pro ...
... degeneration of injured RGCs (Berkelaar et al., 1994) suggests that regeneration may be improved considerably by prolonging survival. The identification of the molecular mechanisms underlying traumatic degeneration in the CNS therefore seems crucial for the development of new approaches aimed at pro ...
Induction of a Secondary Body Axis in Xenopus by Antibodies to
... ot-Catenin may fulfill the role of a cytoskeletal linker protein. It shares overall structural similarity and primary amino acid sequence homology with vinculin (14, 27), a protein known to be involved in actin filament attachment to the plasma membrane at sites of adhesive junctions (2, 9, 33). Als ...
... ot-Catenin may fulfill the role of a cytoskeletal linker protein. It shares overall structural similarity and primary amino acid sequence homology with vinculin (14, 27), a protein known to be involved in actin filament attachment to the plasma membrane at sites of adhesive junctions (2, 9, 33). Als ...
Mutant Superoxide Dismutase-1-Linked Familial Amyotrophic
... Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (AL S) is a fatal progressive paralytic disorder of unknown cause involving motor neurons of the brain and spinal cord. Approximately 10 –15% of ALS cases are autosomal dominantly inherited. More than 30 sites for mutations in a ubiquitously occurring cytoplasmic enzyme ...
... Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (AL S) is a fatal progressive paralytic disorder of unknown cause involving motor neurons of the brain and spinal cord. Approximately 10 –15% of ALS cases are autosomal dominantly inherited. More than 30 sites for mutations in a ubiquitously occurring cytoplasmic enzyme ...
The Hydra polyp: Nothing but an active stem cell community
... and plasticity of their cells. Vertebrates depend on specialized cells with limited differentiation potential to perform sophisticated functions. In contrast, even adult tissue cells in Hydra are capable of producing and ...
... and plasticity of their cells. Vertebrates depend on specialized cells with limited differentiation potential to perform sophisticated functions. In contrast, even adult tissue cells in Hydra are capable of producing and ...
Phase variation and adaptation in bacteria: A `Red
... They have been found in many bacterial pathogens such as H. influenzae, Neisseria meningitidis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Bordetella pertussis, species of Mycoplasma, H. pylori, etc. just to name a few; their biology has been reviewed extensively24–30. The most common type of contingency genes present ...
... They have been found in many bacterial pathogens such as H. influenzae, Neisseria meningitidis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Bordetella pertussis, species of Mycoplasma, H. pylori, etc. just to name a few; their biology has been reviewed extensively24–30. The most common type of contingency genes present ...
Cell cycle
The cell cycle or cell-division cycle is the series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication (replication) that produces two daughter cells. In prokaryotes which lack a cell nucleus, the cell cycle occurs via a process termed binary fission. In cells with a nucleus, as in eukaryotes, the cell cycle can be divided into three periods: interphase, the mitotic (M) phase, and cytokinesis. During interphase, the cell grows, accumulating nutrients needed for mitosis, preparing it for cell division and duplicating its DNA. During the mitotic phase, the cell splits itself into two distinct daughter cells. During the final stage, cytokinesis, the new cell is completely divided. To ensure the proper division of the cell, there are control mechanisms known as cell cycle checkpoints.The cell-division cycle is a vital process by which a single-celled fertilized egg develops into a mature organism, as well as the process by which hair, skin, blood cells, and some internal organs are renewed. After cell division, each of the daughter cells begin the interphase of a new cycle. Although the various stages of interphase are not usually morphologically distinguishable, each phase of the cell cycle has a distinct set of specialized biochemical processes that prepare the cell for initiation of cell division.