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Hyaluronidase enhances the activity of Adriamycin in breast cancer
Hyaluronidase enhances the activity of Adriamycin in breast cancer

... metastatic cancer or large local tumours (myeloma, melanoma, sarcoma, cancer of the pancreas, stomach, colon, lung - small cell and non-small cell, prostate, ovary and breast). Within each type of cancer individual patients showed strongly elevated levels of hyaluronic acid, but statistically signif ...
Identification of Amino Acid Residues within GABAA Receptor
Identification of Amino Acid Residues within GABAA Receptor

... higher fluorescence intensity. This shift in fluorescence was expressed as a percentage of cells expressing the FL AG epitope on the cell surface. T ypically 30% of (FL AG)b3-transfected cells expressed the FL AG epitope. This value reflects transfection efficiency; therefore, when different subunit ...
MAUREEN CAROLINE McCANN Nationality
MAUREEN CAROLINE McCANN Nationality

... machinery of the plant cell wall contributes to cell growth and specialization, and thus to the final stature and form of plants. The plant cell wall is a highly organized composite of many different polysaccharides, proteins, and aromatic substances that undergo dynamic changes during cell division ...
Bell Work: What is the fundamental unit of life?
Bell Work: What is the fundamental unit of life?

... ◦ DNA in a nucleus that is bounded by a membranous nuclear envelope ◦ Membrane-bound organelles ◦ Cytoplasm in the region between the plasma membrane and nucleus Eukaryotic cells are generally much larger than prokaryotic cells ...
Apigenin
Apigenin

Bacteria and Archaea
Bacteria and Archaea

... despite these harsh conditions, the dramatic color of these waters is caused not by minerals or other nonliving sources, but by living things. What organisms can live in such an inhospitable environment, and how do they do it? The pink color in the Great Salt Lake comes from trillions of prokaryotes ...
the scf ubiquitin ligase: insights into a molecular machine
the scf ubiquitin ligase: insights into a molecular machine

... oscillate during the cell cycle to a similar extent as those of cyclins A and B (REF. 3), but with a distinct peak in G2 and a trough in mitosis prior to that of cyclin B (REF. 4). Most importantly, cyclin F was found to be a suppressor of the yeast Cdc4 mutant that displays G1–S deficiency and an i ...
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Canonical Wnt9b signaling balances progenitor cell

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PC7 and the related proteases Furin and Pace4 regulate E

... developing blastocysts revealed striking differences in their relative distribution and sensitivity toward the widely used pharmacological PC inhibitor CMK. ...
Mechanism of Induction: Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs)
Mechanism of Induction: Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs)

Xpf suppresses mutagenic consequences of bacterial phagocytosis
Xpf suppresses mutagenic consequences of bacterial phagocytosis

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Cyanidioschyzon merolae Genome. A Tool for
Cyanidioschyzon merolae Genome. A Tool for

... Figure 1. The basic courses of mitosis in a typical eukaryotic cell and unicellular red alga (C. merolae) cell. As typical cells contain many double membrane- and single membrane-bound organelles, they are not illustrated. During interphase, the centrosome (CEN) forms outside the nucleus (N), inclu ...
Heading forwards: anterior visceral endoderm migration in
Heading forwards: anterior visceral endoderm migration in

... region of three columnar Epi-VE cells. One AVE cell is outlined in green which relates to panel (c). The apical–basal polarity of the Epi-VE cells is shown via the coloured lines: purple, the basolateral domain; blue, the apical junctional domain; orange, the apicolateral domain. (b) En face surface ...
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Latrunculin A Induced Perturbation of the Actin Cytoskeleton

... stress specific Pap1p target, is not affected by LatA treatment. These results suggest a model in which LatA-mediated cytoskeletal perturbations are sensed, leading to the nuclear translocation of reduced Pap1p and the exclusive activation of the multidrug resistance arm of the pathway. ...
Challenges in Endometrial biopsy
Challenges in Endometrial biopsy

... arrangement or affiliation with one or more organizations that could be perceived as a direct or indirect conflict of interest in the content of this presentation. ...
public exam_photosynthesis
public exam_photosynthesis

... (b) A fluorescent lamp was placed 12 cm away from the set-up. The position of the water level was recorded at 10-minute intervals for 30 minutes. The same procedure was repeated with the lamp placed 18 cm and 24 cm away. The results of the experiment are shown in the ...
Cell Division Activity during Apical Hook
Cell Division Activity during Apical Hook

... (Beemster and Baskin, 1998). Along the root the relative contribution of both activities is changed in a zone-specific manner (Doerner et al., 1996; Beemster and Baskin, 1998). This illustrates that the relative contribution of cell division and cell elongation activities can change within a tissue, ...
Get PDF file - Botanik in Bonn
Get PDF file - Botanik in Bonn

... Specialized bands of cortical MTs which help shape the secondary walls of plant cells are well known (174) even though the conditions which bring about these MT distributions are obscure; some perhaps, could involve self-organizing processes dependent upon reaction-diffusion mechanisms (208a). Less ...
Expression of the papillomavirus E2 protein in HeLa cells leads to
Expression of the papillomavirus E2 protein in HeLa cells leads to

... genotoxic agents (Butz et al., 1995). Since E2 could repress E6 expression, we next investigated whether this resulted in stabilization of p53. The activity of p53 was assayed via co-transfected p53-responsive CAT reporter plasmids. As shown in Figure 2A, expression of fulllength BPV-1 E2 resulted i ...
Functional interaction between a novel protein phosphatase 2A
Functional interaction between a novel protein phosphatase 2A

... Retinoblastoma protein ...
Chlamydomonas IFT 88 and Its Mouse Homologue, Polycystic
Chlamydomonas IFT 88 and Its Mouse Homologue, Polycystic

... The ift88-1 cells grew at the same rate as wild-type cells, indicating that IFT88 is not required for processes essential for growth or cell division (Fig. 2 b). However, in contrast to wild-type cells that normally have two ⵑ10-␮m long flagella extending from the anterior end of the cell body, the ...
The three-dimensional cancer genome
The three-dimensional cancer genome

... to be mutated in multiple other types of cancer. Most prominently, mutations in STAG2 occur in 20–30% of urothelial bladder carcinoma and are not associated with aneuploidy [22,28,29,30]. Mutations in the cohesin complex have also been found in glioblastoma [31], medulloblastoma [32], breast cancer ...
Cells are Either Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic
Cells are Either Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic

... Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings. ...
REVIEWS
REVIEWS

... studies have localized active genes predominantly at the periphery of, rather than within, speckles. However, although they apparently contain few, if any, genes, speckles are often observed close to highly active transcription sites. This indicates that they might have a functional relationship wit ...
Roles of vaccinia virus EEV-specific proteins in intracellular actin tail
Roles of vaccinia virus EEV-specific proteins in intracellular actin tail

... tails on intracellular bacteria (Welch et al., 1997), it was possible that loss of VV-induced actin tail formation could be due to either the virus genotype or the relative availability of host cell factors. To address this, actin tail formation was examined in several different cell lines infected ...
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Cell cycle



The cell cycle or cell-division cycle is the series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication (replication) that produces two daughter cells. In prokaryotes which lack a cell nucleus, the cell cycle occurs via a process termed binary fission. In cells with a nucleus, as in eukaryotes, the cell cycle can be divided into three periods: interphase, the mitotic (M) phase, and cytokinesis. During interphase, the cell grows, accumulating nutrients needed for mitosis, preparing it for cell division and duplicating its DNA. During the mitotic phase, the cell splits itself into two distinct daughter cells. During the final stage, cytokinesis, the new cell is completely divided. To ensure the proper division of the cell, there are control mechanisms known as cell cycle checkpoints.The cell-division cycle is a vital process by which a single-celled fertilized egg develops into a mature organism, as well as the process by which hair, skin, blood cells, and some internal organs are renewed. After cell division, each of the daughter cells begin the interphase of a new cycle. Although the various stages of interphase are not usually morphologically distinguishable, each phase of the cell cycle has a distinct set of specialized biochemical processes that prepare the cell for initiation of cell division.
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