The measurement of exocytosis in plant cells
... plasma membrane growth and for its differentiation during the life of the cell is incorporated from the secretory vesicle membrane during exocytosis. For each of these processes (polysaccharide, protein and phospholipid delivery) there may be alternative routes, but the available evidence suggests t ...
... plasma membrane growth and for its differentiation during the life of the cell is incorporated from the secretory vesicle membrane during exocytosis. For each of these processes (polysaccharide, protein and phospholipid delivery) there may be alternative routes, but the available evidence suggests t ...
The TEA Transcription Factor Tec1 Links TOR and MAPK Pathways
... interconnected to allow integration of multiple signals and to ensure activation of the correct cellular programs. The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is well suited to study the mechanisms of signal integration in eukaryotes, because numerous evolutionarily conserved signaling pathways are p ...
... interconnected to allow integration of multiple signals and to ensure activation of the correct cellular programs. The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is well suited to study the mechanisms of signal integration in eukaryotes, because numerous evolutionarily conserved signaling pathways are p ...
Eukaryotic origins of DNA replication: could you please be more
... Precise duplication of the eukaryotic genome during each cell cycle is critically important for cellular survival. As such, mechanisms that control how replication initiates are highly regulated by the cell. Initial models of DNA duplication suggested that replication would begin when a sequence-spe ...
... Precise duplication of the eukaryotic genome during each cell cycle is critically important for cellular survival. As such, mechanisms that control how replication initiates are highly regulated by the cell. Initial models of DNA duplication suggested that replication would begin when a sequence-spe ...
Chromatin Regulators and Transcriptional Control of Drosophila
... mature adult organism. The developmental process is directed by genetic information that is stored in the fertilized egg. In the cell, DNA molecules carry the genetic information units, called genes. Genes are first transcribed into RNAs which subsequently deliver (translate) the genetic code to pro ...
... mature adult organism. The developmental process is directed by genetic information that is stored in the fertilized egg. In the cell, DNA molecules carry the genetic information units, called genes. Genes are first transcribed into RNAs which subsequently deliver (translate) the genetic code to pro ...
processing of defensive pigment in aplysia californica: acquisition
... (Brower and Calvert, 1984). For some, their chemical defense is so effective that they make little effort to hide from predators and they may advertise their defense aposematically (Cott, 1957; Brower, 1984; Eisner, 1970). The marine snail Aplysia californica has a chemical arsenal of both active an ...
... (Brower and Calvert, 1984). For some, their chemical defense is so effective that they make little effort to hide from predators and they may advertise their defense aposematically (Cott, 1957; Brower, 1984; Eisner, 1970). The marine snail Aplysia californica has a chemical arsenal of both active an ...
Biofuel cells and their development - ePrints Soton
... 4.1. Review of progress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2. A forward look . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
... 4.1. Review of progress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2. A forward look . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
Microtubule
... These dynamic properties are crucial for microtubules to carry out many of their cellular functions such as reorientation of the microtubule network when cells undergo migration or morphological changes and the dramatic microtubule rearrangement at the onset of mitosis (3). Mitotic microtubules are ...
... These dynamic properties are crucial for microtubules to carry out many of their cellular functions such as reorientation of the microtubule network when cells undergo migration or morphological changes and the dramatic microtubule rearrangement at the onset of mitosis (3). Mitotic microtubules are ...
Global microRNA depletion suppresses tumor angiogenesis Please share
... significant derepression of their targets. Pathway analysis showed that mRNA genes downregulated upon microRNA depletion are highly enriched in angiogenesis functions, including gene sets with clustered functions such as angiogenesis, vasculature development, blood vessel morphogenesis, cardiovascul ...
... significant derepression of their targets. Pathway analysis showed that mRNA genes downregulated upon microRNA depletion are highly enriched in angiogenesis functions, including gene sets with clustered functions such as angiogenesis, vasculature development, blood vessel morphogenesis, cardiovascul ...
Gene Section PTPRJ (protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, J)
... is responsible for interaction with its substrates, such as ERK1/2 (Sacco et al., 2009). The K1017N mutation found in the basal tumor and the K1016A mutation described in Sacco's report, both describe a change of a basic residue into a neutral residue. The DEP-1 positively charged peptide has a loos ...
... is responsible for interaction with its substrates, such as ERK1/2 (Sacco et al., 2009). The K1017N mutation found in the basal tumor and the K1016A mutation described in Sacco's report, both describe a change of a basic residue into a neutral residue. The DEP-1 positively charged peptide has a loos ...
Role of Polycomb Group Protein Cbx2/M33 in Meiosis Onset and
... including male to female sex reversal in humans [20] and mice [18,21]. Despite the impact of CBX2 mutations on human health, little is known regarding the molecular and/or epigenetic factors that predispose the mammalian gonad to abnormalities of sexual differentiation. Moreover, the potential role ...
... including male to female sex reversal in humans [20] and mice [18,21]. Despite the impact of CBX2 mutations on human health, little is known regarding the molecular and/or epigenetic factors that predispose the mammalian gonad to abnormalities of sexual differentiation. Moreover, the potential role ...
New beginnings in studies of eukaryotic DNA replication
... for study of many areas of cell biology and biochemistry also make them useful for studying DNA replication [6]. Their small genome size and short generation time render them particularly useful for replicon mapping techniques based on detection of signals from replicating molecules by molecular hyb ...
... for study of many areas of cell biology and biochemistry also make them useful for studying DNA replication [6]. Their small genome size and short generation time render them particularly useful for replicon mapping techniques based on detection of signals from replicating molecules by molecular hyb ...
Where in the Cell Are You? Probing HIV
... virions traffic from infected cells to infect the adjacent cell. Although the signalling events regulating this are not yet fully elucidated, the microtubule organizing centre (MTOC) can polarize to the synapse and likely plays an important role in synapse formation [18]. Furthermore, actin polymeri ...
... virions traffic from infected cells to infect the adjacent cell. Although the signalling events regulating this are not yet fully elucidated, the microtubule organizing centre (MTOC) can polarize to the synapse and likely plays an important role in synapse formation [18]. Furthermore, actin polymeri ...
Slide 1
... FIGURE 2.3 Prominent morphological features of the mammalian ovum at various stages of oogenesis in various species. This figure is reproduced in color in the color plate section. (A) depicts a resting primordial oocyte within the bovine ovary in which the germinal vesicle chromatin assumes a disti ...
... FIGURE 2.3 Prominent morphological features of the mammalian ovum at various stages of oogenesis in various species. This figure is reproduced in color in the color plate section. (A) depicts a resting primordial oocyte within the bovine ovary in which the germinal vesicle chromatin assumes a disti ...
PDF - The Journal of Cell Biology
... orthologues are inhibitors of Toll signaling and MyD88 (Carty et al., 2006; Yuan et al., 2010), but there is no evidence that dSarm is an inhibitor of MyD88 in Drosophila. Thus, whether or how Tolls may regulate apoptosis in flies is unclear. In the mammalian brain, Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are ex ...
... orthologues are inhibitors of Toll signaling and MyD88 (Carty et al., 2006; Yuan et al., 2010), but there is no evidence that dSarm is an inhibitor of MyD88 in Drosophila. Thus, whether or how Tolls may regulate apoptosis in flies is unclear. In the mammalian brain, Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are ex ...
Cell polarity and tissue patterning in plants - Development
... thought to reflect the early establishment of 'prepatterns' of 'morphogens' (Wolpert, 1971, 1989; Meinhardt, 1982). The local differences in the concentrations of these substances should be precisely interpreted by the cells, resulting in complex patterns of differentiation. But polarity could not b ...
... thought to reflect the early establishment of 'prepatterns' of 'morphogens' (Wolpert, 1971, 1989; Meinhardt, 1982). The local differences in the concentrations of these substances should be precisely interpreted by the cells, resulting in complex patterns of differentiation. But polarity could not b ...
Cilia Review Article - Eastern Virginia Medical School
... Work with C. elegans provided early clues that the gene products for PKD1 and PKD2 might also be involved with cilia structure and/or function. During the examination of mutations that affect mating behavior in C. elegans, Barr et al. (1999, 2001) identified worm homologs of PKD1 as lov-1 (for locat ...
... Work with C. elegans provided early clues that the gene products for PKD1 and PKD2 might also be involved with cilia structure and/or function. During the examination of mutations that affect mating behavior in C. elegans, Barr et al. (1999, 2001) identified worm homologs of PKD1 as lov-1 (for locat ...
Amyloplast Formation in Cultured Tobacco BY
... amyloplast formation in BY-2 cells. The decrease in starch content and starch synthesis gene expression caused by lovastatin is reversed only by cytokinins and not by other isopentenyl pyrophosphate-derived phytohormones To assess the involvement of cytokinins in amyloplast formation in BY-2 cells, ...
... amyloplast formation in BY-2 cells. The decrease in starch content and starch synthesis gene expression caused by lovastatin is reversed only by cytokinins and not by other isopentenyl pyrophosphate-derived phytohormones To assess the involvement of cytokinins in amyloplast formation in BY-2 cells, ...
An analysis of the response to gut induction in the C. elegans embryo
... EMS cells isolated before gut induction had occurred (1013 minutes before cytokinesis began in EMS) divided to form two daughters, both of which produced body wall muscle and pharyngeal muscle, but no gut or hypodermis, suggesting that both daughters differentiate as MS-like lineages, as MS normally ...
... EMS cells isolated before gut induction had occurred (1013 minutes before cytokinesis began in EMS) divided to form two daughters, both of which produced body wall muscle and pharyngeal muscle, but no gut or hypodermis, suggesting that both daughters differentiate as MS-like lineages, as MS normally ...
emboj200925-sup
... Phase contrast and fluorescence microscopy For microscopy, cells from an overnight liquid or solid culture were diluted into PAB medium supplemented with 20 mM MgSO4 when required and grown at the temperature indicated. Samples were mounted on microscope slides covered with a thin film of 1% agaros ...
... Phase contrast and fluorescence microscopy For microscopy, cells from an overnight liquid or solid culture were diluted into PAB medium supplemented with 20 mM MgSO4 when required and grown at the temperature indicated. Samples were mounted on microscope slides covered with a thin film of 1% agaros ...
Hormonal regulation of stem cell maintenance in roots
... (Scheres et al., 1994). The QC is the source of stem cell initials. QC cells are pluripotent and are maintained at the G1/S checkpoint in the cell cycle; thus, they divide infrequently (Jiang and Feldman, 2005). QC cells act as integrators for many processes and events requisite for root meristem es ...
... (Scheres et al., 1994). The QC is the source of stem cell initials. QC cells are pluripotent and are maintained at the G1/S checkpoint in the cell cycle; thus, they divide infrequently (Jiang and Feldman, 2005). QC cells act as integrators for many processes and events requisite for root meristem es ...
STAINING OF BACTERIAL CELLS Objective • To learn the
... the dye complex to a cellular component represents the staining reaction. Depending upon the dye, the chromophore can be either positively charged (cationic) and have an affinity for negative ions or negatively charged (anionic) with an affinity for positive ions. Bacteria carry a net negative charg ...
... the dye complex to a cellular component represents the staining reaction. Depending upon the dye, the chromophore can be either positively charged (cationic) and have an affinity for negative ions or negatively charged (anionic) with an affinity for positive ions. Bacteria carry a net negative charg ...
Cell Wall, Cytoskeleton, and Cell Expansion in Higher Plants
... from cell wall self-assembly. Although these findings did not take several factors into account, including the incorporation of other wall polymers, turgor-driven expansion, and other biophysical forces, it is clear that microtubules play a primary role in determining the overall pattern of wall arc ...
... from cell wall self-assembly. Although these findings did not take several factors into account, including the incorporation of other wall polymers, turgor-driven expansion, and other biophysical forces, it is clear that microtubules play a primary role in determining the overall pattern of wall arc ...
Auxin Metabolism and Function in the Multicellular Brown Alga
... in giant kelps. Fucales have long been good models for investigating brown alga and land plant embryogenesis. Given its large size and its ease of manipulation, the Fucales zygote has been particularly amenable to cytological and pharmacological experiments (Kropf, 1997). Polarization of the zygote ...
... in giant kelps. Fucales have long been good models for investigating brown alga and land plant embryogenesis. Given its large size and its ease of manipulation, the Fucales zygote has been particularly amenable to cytological and pharmacological experiments (Kropf, 1997). Polarization of the zygote ...
Cell cycle
The cell cycle or cell-division cycle is the series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication (replication) that produces two daughter cells. In prokaryotes which lack a cell nucleus, the cell cycle occurs via a process termed binary fission. In cells with a nucleus, as in eukaryotes, the cell cycle can be divided into three periods: interphase, the mitotic (M) phase, and cytokinesis. During interphase, the cell grows, accumulating nutrients needed for mitosis, preparing it for cell division and duplicating its DNA. During the mitotic phase, the cell splits itself into two distinct daughter cells. During the final stage, cytokinesis, the new cell is completely divided. To ensure the proper division of the cell, there are control mechanisms known as cell cycle checkpoints.The cell-division cycle is a vital process by which a single-celled fertilized egg develops into a mature organism, as well as the process by which hair, skin, blood cells, and some internal organs are renewed. After cell division, each of the daughter cells begin the interphase of a new cycle. Although the various stages of interphase are not usually morphologically distinguishable, each phase of the cell cycle has a distinct set of specialized biochemical processes that prepare the cell for initiation of cell division.