Total Dissolved Solids
... 8. Use a notebook or notepad to fan air across the openings in the probe shaft of the CO2 Gas Sensor for 1 minute. 9. Fill the respiration chamber with water and then empty it. Thoroughly dry the inside of the respiration chamber with a paper towel. 10. Determine the rate of respiration: a. Move the ...
... 8. Use a notebook or notepad to fan air across the openings in the probe shaft of the CO2 Gas Sensor for 1 minute. 9. Fill the respiration chamber with water and then empty it. Thoroughly dry the inside of the respiration chamber with a paper towel. 10. Determine the rate of respiration: a. Move the ...
On the so-called "Sexual" Method of Spore
... For various reasons, it seemed to me that the process which Schaudinn (1902) and others—including myself (1908)—were driven to regard as a form of conjugation, was, perhaps, capable of being interpreted in some other way. After much idle guessing, I concluded that the only method of throwing light u ...
... For various reasons, it seemed to me that the process which Schaudinn (1902) and others—including myself (1908)—were driven to regard as a form of conjugation, was, perhaps, capable of being interpreted in some other way. After much idle guessing, I concluded that the only method of throwing light u ...
Human cytomegalovirus reactivation from latency
... lytic infection model; to this end, they are first differentiated into macrophages by treatment with a phorbol ester before HCMV infection in order to render the cells permissive to HCMV infection [33, 37, 42–44]. On the other hand, the use of THP-1 cells as a HCMV reactivation model (by inducing di ...
... lytic infection model; to this end, they are first differentiated into macrophages by treatment with a phorbol ester before HCMV infection in order to render the cells permissive to HCMV infection [33, 37, 42–44]. On the other hand, the use of THP-1 cells as a HCMV reactivation model (by inducing di ...
Quantitative profiling of initiating ribosomes in vivo - Shu
... correlation was partially due to reduced elongation speed under nutrient starvation that potentially increases the CDS ribosome occupancy (Supplementary Fig. 6). From the comprehensive data sets acquired from QTI-seq and Ribo-seq, we identified a large number of transcripts that underwent twofold ch ...
... correlation was partially due to reduced elongation speed under nutrient starvation that potentially increases the CDS ribosome occupancy (Supplementary Fig. 6). From the comprehensive data sets acquired from QTI-seq and Ribo-seq, we identified a large number of transcripts that underwent twofold ch ...
Mapping the route from naive pluripotency to lineage specification
... in vivo development. ESCs provide the foundation for such approaches. In particular, when cultured in defined conditions known as 2i/LIF, ESCs substantially preserve features of the naive preimplantation epiblast. 2i/LIF comprises serum-free medium in which two selective inhibitors (2i) block mitoge ...
... in vivo development. ESCs provide the foundation for such approaches. In particular, when cultured in defined conditions known as 2i/LIF, ESCs substantially preserve features of the naive preimplantation epiblast. 2i/LIF comprises serum-free medium in which two selective inhibitors (2i) block mitoge ...
Pontin and Reptin regulate cell proliferation in early Xenopus
... remodelling and transcription. They interact with many different proteins including TATA box binding protein (TBP), b-catenin and c-Myc and thus, potentially modulate different pathways. As antagonistic regulators of Wnt-signalling, they control wing development in Drosophila and heart growth in zeb ...
... remodelling and transcription. They interact with many different proteins including TATA box binding protein (TBP), b-catenin and c-Myc and thus, potentially modulate different pathways. As antagonistic regulators of Wnt-signalling, they control wing development in Drosophila and heart growth in zeb ...
Histological and ultrastructural analysis of the
... embryogenesis, and the fate of cells in response to different conditions vary. Fundamental studies have not yet been fully pursued on the fate of meristematic cells during developmental stages affected by various physical and chemical factors in the somatic embryogenesis in banana (Jafari et al., 20 ...
... embryogenesis, and the fate of cells in response to different conditions vary. Fundamental studies have not yet been fully pursued on the fate of meristematic cells during developmental stages affected by various physical and chemical factors in the somatic embryogenesis in banana (Jafari et al., 20 ...
PAK1 Mediates Resistance to PI3 Kinase Inhibition in Lymphomas
... Gene expression profiling utilizing Affymetrix Gene 1.0 ST arrays were performed, scanned, and normalized as previously described (17). These data are available through Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). The microarray data will be available through accession number:GSE22898. The gene expression data fo ...
... Gene expression profiling utilizing Affymetrix Gene 1.0 ST arrays were performed, scanned, and normalized as previously described (17). These data are available through Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). The microarray data will be available through accession number:GSE22898. The gene expression data fo ...
Neuronal body size correlates with the number of nucleoli
... rates have demonstrated that differences in cell size correspond to differences in RNA content and a tight correlation has also been shown to exist between transcription rates and RNA:DNA ratios in cells from adult rodents (Schmidt and Schibler, 1995). Moreover, the effect of transcription on cellul ...
... rates have demonstrated that differences in cell size correspond to differences in RNA content and a tight correlation has also been shown to exist between transcription rates and RNA:DNA ratios in cells from adult rodents (Schmidt and Schibler, 1995). Moreover, the effect of transcription on cellul ...
Target or barrier? The cell wall of early- and later
... Cd, but with the activation of response and defense genes, which in turn may code for enzymes involved in the maintenance of homeostasis of plant cells (Moussa and El-Gamal, 2010). Activation of pathogenesis-related defense proteins of the glucanase family is likely to be a common trait of many plan ...
... Cd, but with the activation of response and defense genes, which in turn may code for enzymes involved in the maintenance of homeostasis of plant cells (Moussa and El-Gamal, 2010). Activation of pathogenesis-related defense proteins of the glucanase family is likely to be a common trait of many plan ...
2015 – PKc-theta is a novel sc35 splicing factor regulator in
... global studies of alternative splicing have identified a novel group of genes that undergo activation-induced alternative splicing in T cells. Many of these genes encode proteins that are important for T cell function, such as RNA-binding proteins and transcription factors (10, 11). However, althoug ...
... global studies of alternative splicing have identified a novel group of genes that undergo activation-induced alternative splicing in T cells. Many of these genes encode proteins that are important for T cell function, such as RNA-binding proteins and transcription factors (10, 11). However, althoug ...
PDF + SI - Development - The Company of Biologists
... Development Advance Online Articles. First posted online on 10 June 2016 as 10.1242/dev.137224 Access the most recent version at http://dev.biologists.org/lookup/doi/10.1242/dev.137224 ...
... Development Advance Online Articles. First posted online on 10 June 2016 as 10.1242/dev.137224 Access the most recent version at http://dev.biologists.org/lookup/doi/10.1242/dev.137224 ...
Potassium regulation
... cell causing hyperkalemia • For each 10 mOsm increase in osmalrity, this will make 0.4-0.8 mEqv increase in potassium extracellular concentration • Remember that the normal osmolarity in the plasma is 284mOsm • -Epinephrine pushes potassium inside the cells, so giving beta blocker as propranolol wil ...
... cell causing hyperkalemia • For each 10 mOsm increase in osmalrity, this will make 0.4-0.8 mEqv increase in potassium extracellular concentration • Remember that the normal osmolarity in the plasma is 284mOsm • -Epinephrine pushes potassium inside the cells, so giving beta blocker as propranolol wil ...
Interplay between SCARECROW, GA and LIKE
... transcription. These results together lend support to the conclusion that LHP1 and SCR act together to suppress premature middle cortex formation. Interplay between LHP1, GA and the epigenetic machinery in middle cortex formation In subsequent experiments, we found that roots from freshly harvested ...
... transcription. These results together lend support to the conclusion that LHP1 and SCR act together to suppress premature middle cortex formation. Interplay between LHP1, GA and the epigenetic machinery in middle cortex formation In subsequent experiments, we found that roots from freshly harvested ...
NAC Transcription Factor SPEEDY HYPONASTIC
... upregulated by submergence, including XTH23 from Arabidopsis (Lee et al., 2011). XTHs are another class of cell wall–modifying proteins that contribute to loosening cell walls during cell expansion (Rose et al., 2002; Nishitani and Vissenberg, 2007; Van Sandt et al., 2007). The biosynthesis of ET in ...
... upregulated by submergence, including XTH23 from Arabidopsis (Lee et al., 2011). XTHs are another class of cell wall–modifying proteins that contribute to loosening cell walls during cell expansion (Rose et al., 2002; Nishitani and Vissenberg, 2007; Van Sandt et al., 2007). The biosynthesis of ET in ...
Wingless mutation in Drosophila melanogaster
... Figure 3C show cell death patterns at a somewhat later stage of development; the corresponding phase-contrast picture (figure 3D) indicates a complete lack of folds as compared to the wgts/wg1–1 disc grown at 16°C (figure 4D) or wild type disc (figure not shown). In the disc grown at the permissive ...
... Figure 3C show cell death patterns at a somewhat later stage of development; the corresponding phase-contrast picture (figure 3D) indicates a complete lack of folds as compared to the wgts/wg1–1 disc grown at 16°C (figure 4D) or wild type disc (figure not shown). In the disc grown at the permissive ...
The role of cytoplasmic streaming in symplastic transport
... ‘tow’ phenomenon; and so also would be selective coupling of myosin to some particular type of macromolecule (or vesicle) and the subsequent translocation of the macromolecule along actin trackways. Obviously, when the towed entities are dragged through a fluid, convection will result. Obviously als ...
... ‘tow’ phenomenon; and so also would be selective coupling of myosin to some particular type of macromolecule (or vesicle) and the subsequent translocation of the macromolecule along actin trackways. Obviously, when the towed entities are dragged through a fluid, convection will result. Obviously als ...
Leukaemia Section Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
... The 2 first categories are defined according to the involvement (or not) of ALK in fusion proteins with various partners (see below); ALK+ ALCL cases are sometimes called ALK lymphomas, or ALKomas. ALK+ ALCL can be further divided into t(2;5) cases, with NPM1-ALK fusion protein which localises both ...
... The 2 first categories are defined according to the involvement (or not) of ALK in fusion proteins with various partners (see below); ALK+ ALCL cases are sometimes called ALK lymphomas, or ALKomas. ALK+ ALCL can be further divided into t(2;5) cases, with NPM1-ALK fusion protein which localises both ...
Xyloglucan Endotransglycosylases Have a Function
... xylem cells were labeled during their radial expansion, but surprisingly, more intense labeling was associated with xylem fibers during their secondary wall thickening (Figures 1D and 1F). The activity assay results indicated a function for XET in several tissues and cell types of the poplar stem, s ...
... xylem cells were labeled during their radial expansion, but surprisingly, more intense labeling was associated with xylem fibers during their secondary wall thickening (Figures 1D and 1F). The activity assay results indicated a function for XET in several tissues and cell types of the poplar stem, s ...
electrophysiological investigations of the heart of squill a mantis
... time (several minutes) but over a longer period the heart slowed and the number of impulses per burst increased. Fig. 6 illustrates this relationship for a single heart. The recordings were taken over a period of 1^ hr. The correlation coefficient for the points in Fig. 6 is 0-98, which is highly si ...
... time (several minutes) but over a longer period the heart slowed and the number of impulses per burst increased. Fig. 6 illustrates this relationship for a single heart. The recordings were taken over a period of 1^ hr. The correlation coefficient for the points in Fig. 6 is 0-98, which is highly si ...
Full PDF
... A hallmark of tissue injury and repair is the turnover of extracellular matrix components. This review focuses on the role of the glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan in tissue injury and repair. Both the synthesis and degradation of extracellular matrix are critical contributors to tissue repair and remode ...
... A hallmark of tissue injury and repair is the turnover of extracellular matrix components. This review focuses on the role of the glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan in tissue injury and repair. Both the synthesis and degradation of extracellular matrix are critical contributors to tissue repair and remode ...
View PDF - G3: Genes | Genomes | Genetics
... Figure 2 Cells do not require growth in acetatecontaining medium prior to induction of synchronous sporulation. (A) Flowchart for inducing synchronous sporulation. Diploid pCUP-IME1/pCUP-IME4 (FW1810) cells were grown to exponential phase for 6–7 hr in YPD. Cells were subsequently diluted to YPD me ...
... Figure 2 Cells do not require growth in acetatecontaining medium prior to induction of synchronous sporulation. (A) Flowchart for inducing synchronous sporulation. Diploid pCUP-IME1/pCUP-IME4 (FW1810) cells were grown to exponential phase for 6–7 hr in YPD. Cells were subsequently diluted to YPD me ...
Functional Microsatellite Polymorphism Associated with Divergent
... vasopressin 1a receptor (V1aR) patterns of these two species are drastically different (Insel, Wang, and Ferris, 1994; Young et al., 1997). V1aR distribution patterns have been shown to affect social behavior (Young et al., 1999). For example, a transgenic mouse for the prairie vole V1aR gene, inclu ...
... vasopressin 1a receptor (V1aR) patterns of these two species are drastically different (Insel, Wang, and Ferris, 1994; Young et al., 1997). V1aR distribution patterns have been shown to affect social behavior (Young et al., 1999). For example, a transgenic mouse for the prairie vole V1aR gene, inclu ...
How to build a grid cell
... properties [16]. However, modelling showed that dendrites are unlikely to oscillate independently at different frequencies over sufficiently long periods of time [18], making it more likely that the VCOs are driven by synaptic inputs from direction-sensitive neurons [15,19]. At any rate, action pote ...
... properties [16]. However, modelling showed that dendrites are unlikely to oscillate independently at different frequencies over sufficiently long periods of time [18], making it more likely that the VCOs are driven by synaptic inputs from direction-sensitive neurons [15,19]. At any rate, action pote ...
Cell cycle
The cell cycle or cell-division cycle is the series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication (replication) that produces two daughter cells. In prokaryotes which lack a cell nucleus, the cell cycle occurs via a process termed binary fission. In cells with a nucleus, as in eukaryotes, the cell cycle can be divided into three periods: interphase, the mitotic (M) phase, and cytokinesis. During interphase, the cell grows, accumulating nutrients needed for mitosis, preparing it for cell division and duplicating its DNA. During the mitotic phase, the cell splits itself into two distinct daughter cells. During the final stage, cytokinesis, the new cell is completely divided. To ensure the proper division of the cell, there are control mechanisms known as cell cycle checkpoints.The cell-division cycle is a vital process by which a single-celled fertilized egg develops into a mature organism, as well as the process by which hair, skin, blood cells, and some internal organs are renewed. After cell division, each of the daughter cells begin the interphase of a new cycle. Although the various stages of interphase are not usually morphologically distinguishable, each phase of the cell cycle has a distinct set of specialized biochemical processes that prepare the cell for initiation of cell division.