Morphology of single ganglion cells in the glaucomatous
... and they represent the P-pathway of the primate visual system. Functionally, these neurons have small receptive fields and more slowly conducting axons than parasol cells, and they respond best to chromatic stimuli of high spatial and low temporal frequency. Parasol cells represent approximately 10% ...
... and they represent the P-pathway of the primate visual system. Functionally, these neurons have small receptive fields and more slowly conducting axons than parasol cells, and they respond best to chromatic stimuli of high spatial and low temporal frequency. Parasol cells represent approximately 10% ...
Transverse Viscoelastic Extension in Nitella
... occurred at pH 3.5 (Fig. 1). Acid-stimulated creep was not inhibited by boiling in either methanol or water for 15 min, indicating that a physical rather than an enzymic mechanism is involved. Figure 2 illustrates the relationship between the stimulation obtained with acid and the in vivo growth rat ...
... occurred at pH 3.5 (Fig. 1). Acid-stimulated creep was not inhibited by boiling in either methanol or water for 15 min, indicating that a physical rather than an enzymic mechanism is involved. Figure 2 illustrates the relationship between the stimulation obtained with acid and the in vivo growth rat ...
Planta
... at both 48 and 72 h were categorized into 24 groups based on function (Table 1). Each functional gene category includes at least Wve common genes for one of the time points. An overlap in gene induction for both collection times was observed for Xavonoid and auxin synthesis, as well as genes encodin ...
... at both 48 and 72 h were categorized into 24 groups based on function (Table 1). Each functional gene category includes at least Wve common genes for one of the time points. An overlap in gene induction for both collection times was observed for Xavonoid and auxin synthesis, as well as genes encodin ...
High-throughput functional genomics using
... effectors. a | Lentiviral transduction begins with the fusion of virus particles with the cell membrane and the insertion of the single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) viral genome into the cell cytoplasm. A reverse transcriptase then converts the ssRNA genome into double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) that is imported ...
... effectors. a | Lentiviral transduction begins with the fusion of virus particles with the cell membrane and the insertion of the single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) viral genome into the cell cytoplasm. A reverse transcriptase then converts the ssRNA genome into double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) that is imported ...
Transcriptional and epigenetic control of gene expression in embryo
... CBP/p300 is a widely used co-activator and histone acetyltransferase (HAT) involved in transcriptional activation. We discovered that CBP occupies the genome preferentially together with Dorsal, and has a specific role during development in coordinating the dorsal-ventral axis of the Drosophila embr ...
... CBP/p300 is a widely used co-activator and histone acetyltransferase (HAT) involved in transcriptional activation. We discovered that CBP occupies the genome preferentially together with Dorsal, and has a specific role during development in coordinating the dorsal-ventral axis of the Drosophila embr ...
Cellular Biology - Circulation Research
... potential, Δψ) that powers ATP generation.1 Known mitochondrial functions extend beyond ATP production to include other cellular processes, such as apoptosis,2 heme synthesis,3 calcium homeostasis,4 inflammation,5 and development.6 Thus, mitochondria have the capacity to impact cellular phenotype vi ...
... potential, Δψ) that powers ATP generation.1 Known mitochondrial functions extend beyond ATP production to include other cellular processes, such as apoptosis,2 heme synthesis,3 calcium homeostasis,4 inflammation,5 and development.6 Thus, mitochondria have the capacity to impact cellular phenotype vi ...
3. The Sea Urchin
... which is contained in the egg jelly, appears to be a species specific chemo-attractant for sperm (Ward et al., 1985). Second, activation of sperm by egg jelly is also species-specific in some species so that contact between them results in a rapid acrOsome reaction . The acrosomal process which con ...
... which is contained in the egg jelly, appears to be a species specific chemo-attractant for sperm (Ward et al., 1985). Second, activation of sperm by egg jelly is also species-specific in some species so that contact between them results in a rapid acrOsome reaction . The acrosomal process which con ...
Role of Polo-like kinase in the degradation of early mitotic inhibitor 1
... It has been shown previously that Emi1 is targeted for degradation by the SCF-TrCP ubiquitin ligase complex and that its phosphorylation on a DSGxxS consensus site is required for this process (15, 16). However, the protein kinase(s) involved in this phosphorylation has not been identified. In the ...
... It has been shown previously that Emi1 is targeted for degradation by the SCF-TrCP ubiquitin ligase complex and that its phosphorylation on a DSGxxS consensus site is required for this process (15, 16). However, the protein kinase(s) involved in this phosphorylation has not been identified. In the ...
Systems-Wide Analysis of Acclimation Responses to Long
... remained unclear. Top-down systems biology approaches, where responses at multiple system levels are monitored over time and integrated to a more holistic picture, appear helpful to shed light on the many open questions regarding responses of plant cells to HS. In fact, Chlamydomonas is an ideal pla ...
... remained unclear. Top-down systems biology approaches, where responses at multiple system levels are monitored over time and integrated to a more holistic picture, appear helpful to shed light on the many open questions regarding responses of plant cells to HS. In fact, Chlamydomonas is an ideal pla ...
Golgi clusters and vesicles mediate mitotic inheritance
... function of time. To estimate this pool, the fluorescence intensity of Golgi fragments whose trajectories could be followed (i.e., those that were consistently visible over time, for example, those fragments indicated by an arrow and an arrowhead in Fig. 3 A) were summed and found to account for onl ...
... function of time. To estimate this pool, the fluorescence intensity of Golgi fragments whose trajectories could be followed (i.e., those that were consistently visible over time, for example, those fragments indicated by an arrow and an arrowhead in Fig. 3 A) were summed and found to account for onl ...
Requirement for ß-Catenin in Anterior
... et al., 1994a). The central armadillo repeats of -catenin bind directly to the LEF/TCF transcription factors, and the COOH-terminal domain of -catenin largely mediates transcriptional activation (Behrens et al., 1996; van de Wetering et al., 1997; Vleminckx et al., 1999). -Catenin is also located ...
... et al., 1994a). The central armadillo repeats of -catenin bind directly to the LEF/TCF transcription factors, and the COOH-terminal domain of -catenin largely mediates transcriptional activation (Behrens et al., 1996; van de Wetering et al., 1997; Vleminckx et al., 1999). -Catenin is also located ...
Changes in Plant Mitochondrial Electron Transport Alter Cellular
... Transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) lacking mitochondrial alternative oxidase (AOX) have been compared with wild-type (Wt) tobacco using two different systems, either suspension cell cultures or leaves. In both systems, a lack of AOX was accompanied by an increase in some antioxidant defenses, co ...
... Transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) lacking mitochondrial alternative oxidase (AOX) have been compared with wild-type (Wt) tobacco using two different systems, either suspension cell cultures or leaves. In both systems, a lack of AOX was accompanied by an increase in some antioxidant defenses, co ...
pdf file
... and the plasma membrane. Here, we report the identification of COD1/SPF1 (control of HMGCoA reductase degradation/SPF1) through genetic strategies intended to uncover genes involved in protein maturation and endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation (ERAD), a quality control pathway that rid ...
... and the plasma membrane. Here, we report the identification of COD1/SPF1 (control of HMGCoA reductase degradation/SPF1) through genetic strategies intended to uncover genes involved in protein maturation and endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation (ERAD), a quality control pathway that rid ...
making endothelial cells move – a study of angiomotin and
... Angiogenesis is a process crucial for tumor growth and metastasis formation and encompasses the control of endothelial directional migration, anastomosis and lumen formation. We have previously shown that Angiomotin (Amot), a membrane-associated scaffold protein, plays an essential role in controlli ...
... Angiogenesis is a process crucial for tumor growth and metastasis formation and encompasses the control of endothelial directional migration, anastomosis and lumen formation. We have previously shown that Angiomotin (Amot), a membrane-associated scaffold protein, plays an essential role in controlli ...
A Comparative Study of Collagen Matrix Density Effect on
... endothelial cells migrate into the extracellular matrix (ECM), they undergo cell-type specific specialization, with tip cells forming filopodia to sense and migrate toward chemoattractants such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), while stalk cells proliferate and form vascular tubes.15,23,49 ...
... endothelial cells migrate into the extracellular matrix (ECM), they undergo cell-type specific specialization, with tip cells forming filopodia to sense and migrate toward chemoattractants such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), while stalk cells proliferate and form vascular tubes.15,23,49 ...
Drosophila Set1 is the major histone H3 lysine 4 trimethyltransferase
... Vermeulen et al, 2007, 2010), its contribution to transcription remains mysterious. In baker’s yeast, the mutation in the gene coding for the H3K4 methyltransferase, SET1, does not cause obvious transcription defects during vegetative growth, while in human cells, the functional study of this mark i ...
... Vermeulen et al, 2007, 2010), its contribution to transcription remains mysterious. In baker’s yeast, the mutation in the gene coding for the H3K4 methyltransferase, SET1, does not cause obvious transcription defects during vegetative growth, while in human cells, the functional study of this mark i ...
Science Jeopardy - Broward County Public Schools
... • ANSWER: Explain the difference between a cell membrane and a cell wall. • QUESTION: Cell membranes control what passes in and out of a cell, whereas a cell wall gives a cell a rigid shape. ...
... • ANSWER: Explain the difference between a cell membrane and a cell wall. • QUESTION: Cell membranes control what passes in and out of a cell, whereas a cell wall gives a cell a rigid shape. ...
Molecular organization of the cell wall of Candida albicans and its
... Chitin chains are associated in an antiparallel fashion through hydrogen bonds to form microfibrils composed of c. 20–400 chains. Owing to this crystalline arrangement, chitin is one of the most insoluble natural products, and this explains why its linkages to b-1,3-glucan form the basic cell wall s ...
... Chitin chains are associated in an antiparallel fashion through hydrogen bonds to form microfibrils composed of c. 20–400 chains. Owing to this crystalline arrangement, chitin is one of the most insoluble natural products, and this explains why its linkages to b-1,3-glucan form the basic cell wall s ...
The nucleolus through the years
... organizers was observed leukemic early granulocytic precursors of patients treated with targeted cytostatic therapy and possibly was not followed by a further differentiation of these cells (Smetana et al. 2009). Nucleolin and nucleophosmin, participating in the RNA processing and assembly of pre-ri ...
... organizers was observed leukemic early granulocytic precursors of patients treated with targeted cytostatic therapy and possibly was not followed by a further differentiation of these cells (Smetana et al. 2009). Nucleolin and nucleophosmin, participating in the RNA processing and assembly of pre-ri ...
Forespore membrane assembly in yeast
... completely engulfs the haploid nucleus. Because the S. pombe spo3 mutant produces no spores, SpSpo3 must be essential for FSM formation (Nakamura et al., 2001). In fact, the FSM is aberrant in this mutant, as revealed by another FSM marker, GFP-Psy1. Spspo3+ is transcribed when cells are induced to ...
... completely engulfs the haploid nucleus. Because the S. pombe spo3 mutant produces no spores, SpSpo3 must be essential for FSM formation (Nakamura et al., 2001). In fact, the FSM is aberrant in this mutant, as revealed by another FSM marker, GFP-Psy1. Spspo3+ is transcribed when cells are induced to ...
Pausing of Golgi Bodies on Microtubules Regulates
... behavior, and velocity to those observed in untreated basal hypocotyl cells and those induced by osmotic stress or cycloheximide treatment (cf. Figures 2D, 3A, 3B, and 3E; see Supplemental Figure 2G online). Mock treatment with an identical dilution of DMSO did not observably alter GFP-CESA3 localiz ...
... behavior, and velocity to those observed in untreated basal hypocotyl cells and those induced by osmotic stress or cycloheximide treatment (cf. Figures 2D, 3A, 3B, and 3E; see Supplemental Figure 2G online). Mock treatment with an identical dilution of DMSO did not observably alter GFP-CESA3 localiz ...
Genetic Block of Outer Plaque Morphogenesis at the Second Meiotic
... of dyad production) was shown to be caused by a single nuclear mutation, hfdl-I (Okamoto 8z Iino, 1981). The hfdl-1 mutant was distinct from other mutants in that it was deficient in the incorporation of two non-sister nuclei in a post-meiotic cell into mature spores (Okamoto & Iino, 198 1). Electro ...
... of dyad production) was shown to be caused by a single nuclear mutation, hfdl-I (Okamoto 8z Iino, 1981). The hfdl-1 mutant was distinct from other mutants in that it was deficient in the incorporation of two non-sister nuclei in a post-meiotic cell into mature spores (Okamoto & Iino, 198 1). Electro ...
pdf - Penn State University
... sizes unmatched by any other organisms on Earth. It is clear from histological analyses that plant cell enlargement is regulated in a highly cell-specific manner. For example, meristematic cells can give rise to wide xylem vessels that form immediately adjacent to much smaller parenchyma cells. Cell ...
... sizes unmatched by any other organisms on Earth. It is clear from histological analyses that plant cell enlargement is regulated in a highly cell-specific manner. For example, meristematic cells can give rise to wide xylem vessels that form immediately adjacent to much smaller parenchyma cells. Cell ...
Cell cycle
The cell cycle or cell-division cycle is the series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication (replication) that produces two daughter cells. In prokaryotes which lack a cell nucleus, the cell cycle occurs via a process termed binary fission. In cells with a nucleus, as in eukaryotes, the cell cycle can be divided into three periods: interphase, the mitotic (M) phase, and cytokinesis. During interphase, the cell grows, accumulating nutrients needed for mitosis, preparing it for cell division and duplicating its DNA. During the mitotic phase, the cell splits itself into two distinct daughter cells. During the final stage, cytokinesis, the new cell is completely divided. To ensure the proper division of the cell, there are control mechanisms known as cell cycle checkpoints.The cell-division cycle is a vital process by which a single-celled fertilized egg develops into a mature organism, as well as the process by which hair, skin, blood cells, and some internal organs are renewed. After cell division, each of the daughter cells begin the interphase of a new cycle. Although the various stages of interphase are not usually morphologically distinguishable, each phase of the cell cycle has a distinct set of specialized biochemical processes that prepare the cell for initiation of cell division.