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... away from the stimuli (Fig. 1A-D; see Movie 1 in the supplementary material) (Saint-Amant and Drapeau, 1998). By contrast, mi310 mutants did not respond to touch and remained motionless in the water (Fig. 1E-H; see Movie 2 in the supplementary material). To test whether the motor system is dysfuncti ...
... away from the stimuli (Fig. 1A-D; see Movie 1 in the supplementary material) (Saint-Amant and Drapeau, 1998). By contrast, mi310 mutants did not respond to touch and remained motionless in the water (Fig. 1E-H; see Movie 2 in the supplementary material). To test whether the motor system is dysfuncti ...
Physical and Chemical Basis of Cytoplasmic Streaming
... carded along with the streaming, is exceedingly great comparedwith ordinary cytoplasmic streaming in plant calls (71). Moreover,the direction streaming alternates according to a rhythmic pattern. There is good evidence to show that the flow of endoplasmis caused passively by a local difference in th ...
... carded along with the streaming, is exceedingly great comparedwith ordinary cytoplasmic streaming in plant calls (71). Moreover,the direction streaming alternates according to a rhythmic pattern. There is good evidence to show that the flow of endoplasmis caused passively by a local difference in th ...
Signaling tip growth in plants Zhenbiao Yang
... tubes into bulbous tubes (H Li and Z Yang, unpublished data). These results indicate that Rop controls not only the establishment of cell polarity but also tip growth, as does CDC42 in tip-growing fission yeast [8]. The bulbous phenotype is analogous to tip swelling accompanied by non-localized intr ...
... tubes into bulbous tubes (H Li and Z Yang, unpublished data). These results indicate that Rop controls not only the establishment of cell polarity but also tip growth, as does CDC42 in tip-growing fission yeast [8]. The bulbous phenotype is analogous to tip swelling accompanied by non-localized intr ...
viruses
... Activation of ATM and ATR leads to phosphorylation of CHK1 and CHK2, which in turn regulate downstream targets, such as p53, Cdc25 and Wee1. The phosphorylation of the Cdc25 phosphatases leads to their degradation, which prevents the activation of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) causing cell cycle d ...
... Activation of ATM and ATR leads to phosphorylation of CHK1 and CHK2, which in turn regulate downstream targets, such as p53, Cdc25 and Wee1. The phosphorylation of the Cdc25 phosphatases leads to their degradation, which prevents the activation of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) causing cell cycle d ...
Growth Control and Cell Wall Signaling in Plants
... has 20 highly similar extensin genes (30). Mutant analysis shows an essential role for certain extensins in primary cell wall assembly. For instance, AtEXT3 is present in cell plates and mature walls, and loss-of-function mutants for the corresponding gene are embryo lethal with incomplete cell plat ...
... has 20 highly similar extensin genes (30). Mutant analysis shows an essential role for certain extensins in primary cell wall assembly. For instance, AtEXT3 is present in cell plates and mature walls, and loss-of-function mutants for the corresponding gene are embryo lethal with incomplete cell plat ...
Lactic acid excretion by Streptococcus mutans
... [lactIi decreased as the imposed ApH decayed and after 10 min the [lactIi: [lact], ratio had returned to about 1 : 1 by which time the ApH was zero. In the presence of 200 mM lactate little intracellular accumulation of lactate occurred as the rapid movement of lactic acid into the cell at this high ...
... [lactIi decreased as the imposed ApH decayed and after 10 min the [lactIi: [lact], ratio had returned to about 1 : 1 by which time the ApH was zero. In the presence of 200 mM lactate little intracellular accumulation of lactate occurred as the rapid movement of lactic acid into the cell at this high ...
Adenomatous polyposis coli - Journal of Cell Science
... The adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene is a key tumor suppressor gene. Mutations in the gene have been found not only in most colon cancers but also in some other cancers, such as those of the liver. The APC gene product is a 312 kDa protein that has multiple domains, through which it binds to va ...
... The adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene is a key tumor suppressor gene. Mutations in the gene have been found not only in most colon cancers but also in some other cancers, such as those of the liver. The APC gene product is a 312 kDa protein that has multiple domains, through which it binds to va ...
Lactic acid excretion by Streptococcus mutans
... [lactIi decreased as the imposed ApH decayed and after 10 min the [lactIi: [lact], ratio had returned to about 1 : 1 by which time the ApH was zero. In the presence of 200 mM lactate little intracellular accumulation of lactate occurred as the rapid movement of lactic acid into the cell at this high ...
... [lactIi decreased as the imposed ApH decayed and after 10 min the [lactIi: [lact], ratio had returned to about 1 : 1 by which time the ApH was zero. In the presence of 200 mM lactate little intracellular accumulation of lactate occurred as the rapid movement of lactic acid into the cell at this high ...
ATM - dump.no
... types of traffic simultaneously, including realtime voice, video, and bursty TCP traffic Way in which data flow is handled depends on the characteristics of the traffic flow and requirements of the application (ex. Real-time video must be delivered within minimum variation in delay) Primary serv ...
... types of traffic simultaneously, including realtime voice, video, and bursty TCP traffic Way in which data flow is handled depends on the characteristics of the traffic flow and requirements of the application (ex. Real-time video must be delivered within minimum variation in delay) Primary serv ...
Stage-Specific Histone Modification Profiles Reveal Global
... reflecting the lineage-specific use of the genome in somatic cells. Interestingly, direct reprogramming of somatic cells to an induced pluripotent state reverses these changes largely, although not completely. During reprogramming, histones become hypermethylated at H3K4, bivalent domains are re-est ...
... reflecting the lineage-specific use of the genome in somatic cells. Interestingly, direct reprogramming of somatic cells to an induced pluripotent state reverses these changes largely, although not completely. During reprogramming, histones become hypermethylated at H3K4, bivalent domains are re-est ...
Synergistic interaction of three ERECTA-family
... Torii et al., 2003; Torii et al., 1996). The shortened erecta pedicels (floral stems) are associated with an increase in 4C cells, suggesting a possible aberration in cell cycle progression (Shpak et al., 2003). ERECTA encodes a leucine-rich receptorlike serine/threonine kinase (LRR-RLK) (Torii et a ...
... Torii et al., 2003; Torii et al., 1996). The shortened erecta pedicels (floral stems) are associated with an increase in 4C cells, suggesting a possible aberration in cell cycle progression (Shpak et al., 2003). ERECTA encodes a leucine-rich receptorlike serine/threonine kinase (LRR-RLK) (Torii et a ...
BIO205 - National Open University of Nigeria
... duplicated genetic material, creating two identical daughter cells. The meiosis session makes you to understand the events that occur in the process of meiosis that takes place to produce gametes during sexual reproduction. You will get to know more on prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells that make up a ...
... duplicated genetic material, creating two identical daughter cells. The meiosis session makes you to understand the events that occur in the process of meiosis that takes place to produce gametes during sexual reproduction. You will get to know more on prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells that make up a ...
Muscles of the Body
... ◦ A motor neuron with all the muscle fibers it stimulates May innervate from 1 up to 3000 muscle fibers All fibers within a motor unit contract or none do. When the nerve impulse reaches the terminal end of the motor nerve Myoneural junction (Neuromuscular junction) Causes acetylcholine to ...
... ◦ A motor neuron with all the muscle fibers it stimulates May innervate from 1 up to 3000 muscle fibers All fibers within a motor unit contract or none do. When the nerve impulse reaches the terminal end of the motor nerve Myoneural junction (Neuromuscular junction) Causes acetylcholine to ...
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... The genes that mediate retinal development form a regulatory network, the Retinal Determination Network (RDN), rather than a single signalling cascade (Fig. 2A). This network is characterized by complex interactions among its members, autoregulatory and feedback loops. Another characteristic of the ...
... The genes that mediate retinal development form a regulatory network, the Retinal Determination Network (RDN), rather than a single signalling cascade (Fig. 2A). This network is characterized by complex interactions among its members, autoregulatory and feedback loops. Another characteristic of the ...
The TACC proteins: TACC-ling microtubule dynamics and
... dynamic nature of the cytoskeletal components. Microtubules are dynamic filaments with fundamental roles in eukaryotic cell organization and function. During cell division, they form the bipolar spindle, which segregates the chromosomes into the two daughter cells. Microtubules show prolonged states ...
... dynamic nature of the cytoskeletal components. Microtubules are dynamic filaments with fundamental roles in eukaryotic cell organization and function. During cell division, they form the bipolar spindle, which segregates the chromosomes into the two daughter cells. Microtubules show prolonged states ...
The cell walls of streptococci
... The methods developed by Salton (1953)made possible the study of the cell-wall composition as a relatively simple procedure and recent work by others has suggested that cell-wall composition may be of use in classifying streptococci (Roberts & Stewart, 1961 ; Slade & Slamp, 1962). As part of a gener ...
... The methods developed by Salton (1953)made possible the study of the cell-wall composition as a relatively simple procedure and recent work by others has suggested that cell-wall composition may be of use in classifying streptococci (Roberts & Stewart, 1961 ; Slade & Slamp, 1962). As part of a gener ...
Figure 2 - York College of Pennsylvania
... signaling pathway, named km23. Initial experimentation present with RI/RII complex. on km23 determined it to be a 96 amino acid protein, encoded by a 291 base pair reading frame with a •Lower panels: Western blots for Flag, myc, and HA predicted molecular weight of 10.6667kD. Western confirmed expre ...
... signaling pathway, named km23. Initial experimentation present with RI/RII complex. on km23 determined it to be a 96 amino acid protein, encoded by a 291 base pair reading frame with a •Lower panels: Western blots for Flag, myc, and HA predicted molecular weight of 10.6667kD. Western confirmed expre ...
The connection of cytoskeletal network with plasma membrane and
... membrane, suggesting that this breach in connection is not severely affecting the microtubule tethering to the plasma membrane, and that other components therefore may contribute more substantially to this function. CLASP CLASP has been reported to link microtubule to plasma membrane in plants based ...
... membrane, suggesting that this breach in connection is not severely affecting the microtubule tethering to the plasma membrane, and that other components therefore may contribute more substantially to this function. CLASP CLASP has been reported to link microtubule to plasma membrane in plants based ...
Determination and morphogenesis in the sea urchin embryo
... is probably driven primarily by active cell repacking. The extracellular matrix is important for this repacking to occur, but the basis of the cellular-environmental interaction is not understood. There are new tools, especially well-defined specific antibodies and recombinant DNA clones, that may b ...
... is probably driven primarily by active cell repacking. The extracellular matrix is important for this repacking to occur, but the basis of the cellular-environmental interaction is not understood. There are new tools, especially well-defined specific antibodies and recombinant DNA clones, that may b ...
Sus1, a Functional Component of the SAGA Pore-Associated mRNA Export Machinery
... zoans, is essential for mRNA export (Conti and Izaurralde, 2001; Reed and Hurt, 2002). Another key player in mRNA export is the conserved nuclear protein Yra1/Aly, which acts upstream of the mRNA-exporter and is thought to couple intranuclear steps in mRNP biogenesis with mRNA export (Reed and Hurt, ...
... zoans, is essential for mRNA export (Conti and Izaurralde, 2001; Reed and Hurt, 2002). Another key player in mRNA export is the conserved nuclear protein Yra1/Aly, which acts upstream of the mRNA-exporter and is thought to couple intranuclear steps in mRNP biogenesis with mRNA export (Reed and Hurt, ...
The measurement of exocytosis in plant cells
... plasma membrane growth and for its differentiation during the life of the cell is incorporated from the secretory vesicle membrane during exocytosis. For each of these processes (polysaccharide, protein and phospholipid delivery) there may be alternative routes, but the available evidence suggests t ...
... plasma membrane growth and for its differentiation during the life of the cell is incorporated from the secretory vesicle membrane during exocytosis. For each of these processes (polysaccharide, protein and phospholipid delivery) there may be alternative routes, but the available evidence suggests t ...
Cell cycle
The cell cycle or cell-division cycle is the series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication (replication) that produces two daughter cells. In prokaryotes which lack a cell nucleus, the cell cycle occurs via a process termed binary fission. In cells with a nucleus, as in eukaryotes, the cell cycle can be divided into three periods: interphase, the mitotic (M) phase, and cytokinesis. During interphase, the cell grows, accumulating nutrients needed for mitosis, preparing it for cell division and duplicating its DNA. During the mitotic phase, the cell splits itself into two distinct daughter cells. During the final stage, cytokinesis, the new cell is completely divided. To ensure the proper division of the cell, there are control mechanisms known as cell cycle checkpoints.The cell-division cycle is a vital process by which a single-celled fertilized egg develops into a mature organism, as well as the process by which hair, skin, blood cells, and some internal organs are renewed. After cell division, each of the daughter cells begin the interphase of a new cycle. Although the various stages of interphase are not usually morphologically distinguishable, each phase of the cell cycle has a distinct set of specialized biochemical processes that prepare the cell for initiation of cell division.