Fibronectin and radial intercalation
... domain (CCBD) of Xenopus FN (Ramos and DeSimone, 1996; Ramos et al., 1996). Blastocoelar injection of these mAbs before the onset of gastrulation completely blocked assembly of FN fibrils (Fig. 1C,D). The inability to assemble a fibrillar matrix was not due to antibody crosslinking of FN, as injecti ...
... domain (CCBD) of Xenopus FN (Ramos and DeSimone, 1996; Ramos et al., 1996). Blastocoelar injection of these mAbs before the onset of gastrulation completely blocked assembly of FN fibrils (Fig. 1C,D). The inability to assemble a fibrillar matrix was not due to antibody crosslinking of FN, as injecti ...
Mesoderm and ectoderm lineages in the crustacean Parhyale
... studies raise the question of how early during development these cells are committed, if at all, to their subsequent germ layer fates and whether cell–cell interactions play a role in determining these fates. It is currently unknown to what extent maternal factors are unequally distributed within th ...
... studies raise the question of how early during development these cells are committed, if at all, to their subsequent germ layer fates and whether cell–cell interactions play a role in determining these fates. It is currently unknown to what extent maternal factors are unequally distributed within th ...
Genetic Control of Fusion Pore Expansion in the Epidermis of
... each arc (junction), we measured the apical junction (AJ) discontinuity, representing expanding fusion pores, by looking at appearance of blank pixels (pixel value ⬍ threshold; see below), as shown in Figure 3, B and C, by yellow circles along the arcs (blue lines). Because of junctions in live embr ...
... each arc (junction), we measured the apical junction (AJ) discontinuity, representing expanding fusion pores, by looking at appearance of blank pixels (pixel value ⬍ threshold; see below), as shown in Figure 3, B and C, by yellow circles along the arcs (blue lines). Because of junctions in live embr ...
Type study Paramecium
... starts off in a new direction. Paramecia feed mostly on bacteria, which are driven into the gullet by the cilia. Two contractile vacuoles regulate osmotic pressure (see Osmosis) and also serve as excretory structures. ...
... starts off in a new direction. Paramecia feed mostly on bacteria, which are driven into the gullet by the cilia. Two contractile vacuoles regulate osmotic pressure (see Osmosis) and also serve as excretory structures. ...
Differential localization of LTA synthesis proteins and their
... self-interaction was detected and DltD was found to interact with the core LTA synthesis proteins (Fig. 1A and B). LTA depletion in S. aureus results in aberrant positioning of the septa, cell enlargement and eventual cell lysis, indicating a role for this polymer in both cell growth and cell divisi ...
... self-interaction was detected and DltD was found to interact with the core LTA synthesis proteins (Fig. 1A and B). LTA depletion in S. aureus results in aberrant positioning of the septa, cell enlargement and eventual cell lysis, indicating a role for this polymer in both cell growth and cell divisi ...
during T Lymphocyte Activation Coordinately Regulated by ERK
... Activation of a naive T cell is a highly energetic event, which requires a substantial increase in nutrient metabolism. Upon stimulation, T cells increase in size, rapidly proliferate, and differentiate, all of which lead to a high demand for energetic and biosynthetic precursors. Although amino aci ...
... Activation of a naive T cell is a highly energetic event, which requires a substantial increase in nutrient metabolism. Upon stimulation, T cells increase in size, rapidly proliferate, and differentiate, all of which lead to a high demand for energetic and biosynthetic precursors. Although amino aci ...
Identification of genes controlling germ cell migration and embryonic
... a transformation of part of the PMG into a more hindgut-like tissue. In these mutants, the PMG intercellular gaps fail to form and germ cells are rendered helpless to reach their destination in the mesoderm (Jaglarz and Howard, 1995; Reuter, 1994; Warrior, 1994). Once across the gut wall, the germ c ...
... a transformation of part of the PMG into a more hindgut-like tissue. In these mutants, the PMG intercellular gaps fail to form and germ cells are rendered helpless to reach their destination in the mesoderm (Jaglarz and Howard, 1995; Reuter, 1994; Warrior, 1994). Once across the gut wall, the germ c ...
Implications for AIDS Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection of
... where two of six SMs experimentally infected with uncloned SIVsmm developed significant CD4⫹ T cell depletion within two years of infection (J. M. Milush, J. D. Reeves, S. Gordon, D. Zhou, A. Muthukumar, D. A. Kosub, E. Chacko, L. Giavedoni, C. C. Ibegbu, K. S. Cole et al., manuscript in preparation ...
... where two of six SMs experimentally infected with uncloned SIVsmm developed significant CD4⫹ T cell depletion within two years of infection (J. M. Milush, J. D. Reeves, S. Gordon, D. Zhou, A. Muthukumar, D. A. Kosub, E. Chacko, L. Giavedoni, C. C. Ibegbu, K. S. Cole et al., manuscript in preparation ...
Immunological Memory: Contribution of Memory B Cells Expressing
... as well as postpartum cord blood and adult samples were obtained in accordance with departmental protocols from the Boston Children’s Hospital and the Brigham and Women’s Hospital (Boston, MA), respectively. Triple-color immunofluorescent staining of fresh samples was performed within 20 min of phle ...
... as well as postpartum cord blood and adult samples were obtained in accordance with departmental protocols from the Boston Children’s Hospital and the Brigham and Women’s Hospital (Boston, MA), respectively. Triple-color immunofluorescent staining of fresh samples was performed within 20 min of phle ...
PDF
... phase of Hro-notch in situ hybridization is due to selective stabilization of maternally inherited Hro-notch transcript in blastomere-CD by p38MAPKpp. Thus, we conclude that the dynamic Hro-notch in situ pattern in the two-cell Helobdella embryo results from MAPK-mediated regulation of Hro-notch tra ...
... phase of Hro-notch in situ hybridization is due to selective stabilization of maternally inherited Hro-notch transcript in blastomere-CD by p38MAPKpp. Thus, we conclude that the dynamic Hro-notch in situ pattern in the two-cell Helobdella embryo results from MAPK-mediated regulation of Hro-notch tra ...
Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions
... their housekeeping genes and hopZ1b gene (Ma et al. 2006; Sarkar and Guttman 2004). In addition, the P. syringae pv. glycinea strains all grow to a similar level in soybean (data not shown). We generated a rifampicin resistance strain of PgyBR1 in order to track bacterial multiplication in planta. T ...
... their housekeeping genes and hopZ1b gene (Ma et al. 2006; Sarkar and Guttman 2004). In addition, the P. syringae pv. glycinea strains all grow to a similar level in soybean (data not shown). We generated a rifampicin resistance strain of PgyBR1 in order to track bacterial multiplication in planta. T ...
Role of Topoisomerase II@3in the Resistance of 9-OH
... genes with distinct but related sequences that, in human cells, are located on chromosomes 17 and 3 for the a and (3 enzymes, respec tively (5, 6). Transcription of the a gene varies as a function of cell cycle position; it is 15-fold higher in late-S and 02-M phases than in 01 phase (7, 8). The lev ...
... genes with distinct but related sequences that, in human cells, are located on chromosomes 17 and 3 for the a and (3 enzymes, respec tively (5, 6). Transcription of the a gene varies as a function of cell cycle position; it is 15-fold higher in late-S and 02-M phases than in 01 phase (7, 8). The lev ...
Metabolomics of a single vacuole reveals metabolic dynamism in an
... Metabolites are believed to be highly compartmentalized within cellular organelles, because many enzymes involved in metabolite conversion show organelle-specific localization. Metabolite levels not only differ in individual organs, cells, and organelles but also fluctuate in response to development ...
... Metabolites are believed to be highly compartmentalized within cellular organelles, because many enzymes involved in metabolite conversion show organelle-specific localization. Metabolite levels not only differ in individual organs, cells, and organelles but also fluctuate in response to development ...
here - The Nebenführ Lab
... tumefaciens, as described in Nebenführ et al. (1999), except that selection for transformed cells occurred in the presence of 50 g of hygromycin per ml. The talin-YFP construct was a kind gift from Drs. C. Hawes and F. Brandizzi (Oxford Brooks University, U.K.). The expression of either of the fluo ...
... tumefaciens, as described in Nebenführ et al. (1999), except that selection for transformed cells occurred in the presence of 50 g of hygromycin per ml. The talin-YFP construct was a kind gift from Drs. C. Hawes and F. Brandizzi (Oxford Brooks University, U.K.). The expression of either of the fluo ...
Inside A Cell
... • Cristae contain special enzymes that trap energy from broken down sugars. • The centriole is located next to the nucleus and helps organize the cytoskeleton. They also help with cell division. • The nucleus is the control center of the cell. It directs the organelles in the cell and monitors activ ...
... • Cristae contain special enzymes that trap energy from broken down sugars. • The centriole is located next to the nucleus and helps organize the cytoskeleton. They also help with cell division. • The nucleus is the control center of the cell. It directs the organelles in the cell and monitors activ ...
Lab Part 1: Culturing and Isolating Bacteria
... c. Gram-staining characteristics. b. methods of obtaining energy. d. All of the above Nitrogen-fixing bacteria a. repair nitrogen-damaged legume roots. b. damage the environment by using atmospheric oxygen to produce toxic nitrogen compounds. c. convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia. d. convert ...
... c. Gram-staining characteristics. b. methods of obtaining energy. d. All of the above Nitrogen-fixing bacteria a. repair nitrogen-damaged legume roots. b. damage the environment by using atmospheric oxygen to produce toxic nitrogen compounds. c. convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia. d. convert ...
Programmed Cell Death in Neurons
... this result is that synthesis of new gene products is required for neuronal PCD (16), although alternate hypotheses have been considered (42). The cycloheximide inhibitable step occurs ;16 hr after NGF removal; half of the neurons can no longer be rescued by the addition of cycloheximide at that tim ...
... this result is that synthesis of new gene products is required for neuronal PCD (16), although alternate hypotheses have been considered (42). The cycloheximide inhibitable step occurs ;16 hr after NGF removal; half of the neurons can no longer be rescued by the addition of cycloheximide at that tim ...
Full Text - Molecular Cancer Research
... H2AX and DNA-dependent protein kinase is embryonic lethal in mice (12, 13). However, owing to the relative inaccessibility of mammalian embryonic development, it is unclear what roles ATM may play during the course of normal embryogenesis. In particular, it is not known to what degree ATM-dependent ...
... H2AX and DNA-dependent protein kinase is embryonic lethal in mice (12, 13). However, owing to the relative inaccessibility of mammalian embryonic development, it is unclear what roles ATM may play during the course of normal embryogenesis. In particular, it is not known to what degree ATM-dependent ...
GSK-3 Promotes Cell Survival, Growth, and PAX3 Levels in Human
... phosphorylation and increased levels of PAX3. Mol Cancer Res; 10(8); 1065–76. 2012 AACR. ...
... phosphorylation and increased levels of PAX3. Mol Cancer Res; 10(8); 1065–76. 2012 AACR. ...
Gene Section RHOA (ras homolog gene family, member A)
... hydrolysis of the gamma phosphate of GTP. There are over 80 GEFs and 70 GAPs for Rho GTPases, whose activity is tightly regulated and can be highly specific. RhoA can be sequestered in the cytoplasm by guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitors (RhoGDIs). These remove the Rho protein from the membra ...
... hydrolysis of the gamma phosphate of GTP. There are over 80 GEFs and 70 GAPs for Rho GTPases, whose activity is tightly regulated and can be highly specific. RhoA can be sequestered in the cytoplasm by guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitors (RhoGDIs). These remove the Rho protein from the membra ...
Inorganic pyrophosphate is located primarily in the mitochondria of
... hormone concentration. However, we have confirmed that higher concentrations of hormone than used in the present study failed to give an additional increase in PP1, as would be expected from our previous studies on the hormone-concentration dependence of the lightscattering response (Quinlan et al., ...
... hormone concentration. However, we have confirmed that higher concentrations of hormone than used in the present study failed to give an additional increase in PP1, as would be expected from our previous studies on the hormone-concentration dependence of the lightscattering response (Quinlan et al., ...
Planta
... at both 48 and 72 h were categorized into 24 groups based on function (Table 1). Each functional gene category includes at least Wve common genes for one of the time points. An overlap in gene induction for both collection times was observed for Xavonoid and auxin synthesis, as well as genes encodin ...
... at both 48 and 72 h were categorized into 24 groups based on function (Table 1). Each functional gene category includes at least Wve common genes for one of the time points. An overlap in gene induction for both collection times was observed for Xavonoid and auxin synthesis, as well as genes encodin ...
letters - Cytomorpholab
... To initially ascertain barbed-end dynamics in the presence of AtFH5, a constant concentration of actin filaments was incubated with increasing concentrations of FH1–FH2–Cter before the addition of labelled actin monomers (Fig. 2f). The initial rate of elongation, which is proportional to the number ...
... To initially ascertain barbed-end dynamics in the presence of AtFH5, a constant concentration of actin filaments was incubated with increasing concentrations of FH1–FH2–Cter before the addition of labelled actin monomers (Fig. 2f). The initial rate of elongation, which is proportional to the number ...
A human homologue of yeast anti-silencing factor has histone
... Background: Structural changes in chromatin play essential roles in regulating eukaryotic gene expression. Silencing, potent repression of transcription in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, occurs near telomeres and at the silent mating-type loci, as well as at rDNA loci. This type of repression relates to ...
... Background: Structural changes in chromatin play essential roles in regulating eukaryotic gene expression. Silencing, potent repression of transcription in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, occurs near telomeres and at the silent mating-type loci, as well as at rDNA loci. This type of repression relates to ...
Cell cycle
The cell cycle or cell-division cycle is the series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication (replication) that produces two daughter cells. In prokaryotes which lack a cell nucleus, the cell cycle occurs via a process termed binary fission. In cells with a nucleus, as in eukaryotes, the cell cycle can be divided into three periods: interphase, the mitotic (M) phase, and cytokinesis. During interphase, the cell grows, accumulating nutrients needed for mitosis, preparing it for cell division and duplicating its DNA. During the mitotic phase, the cell splits itself into two distinct daughter cells. During the final stage, cytokinesis, the new cell is completely divided. To ensure the proper division of the cell, there are control mechanisms known as cell cycle checkpoints.The cell-division cycle is a vital process by which a single-celled fertilized egg develops into a mature organism, as well as the process by which hair, skin, blood cells, and some internal organs are renewed. After cell division, each of the daughter cells begin the interphase of a new cycle. Although the various stages of interphase are not usually morphologically distinguishable, each phase of the cell cycle has a distinct set of specialized biochemical processes that prepare the cell for initiation of cell division.