Genetic Block of Outer Plaque Morphogenesis at the Second Meiotic
... of dyad production) was shown to be caused by a single nuclear mutation, hfdl-I (Okamoto 8z Iino, 1981). The hfdl-1 mutant was distinct from other mutants in that it was deficient in the incorporation of two non-sister nuclei in a post-meiotic cell into mature spores (Okamoto & Iino, 198 1). Electro ...
... of dyad production) was shown to be caused by a single nuclear mutation, hfdl-I (Okamoto 8z Iino, 1981). The hfdl-1 mutant was distinct from other mutants in that it was deficient in the incorporation of two non-sister nuclei in a post-meiotic cell into mature spores (Okamoto & Iino, 198 1). Electro ...
Cytoskeletal Motors in Arabidopsis. Sixty
... Plant cytokinesis is mechanistically different from that in animals and fungi (Mayer and Jurgens, 2004). One of the distinctions is that microtubules play a leading role during the assembly of the cell plate via the phragmoplast in plants. The plus end of phragmoplast microtubules is facing the divi ...
... Plant cytokinesis is mechanistically different from that in animals and fungi (Mayer and Jurgens, 2004). One of the distinctions is that microtubules play a leading role during the assembly of the cell plate via the phragmoplast in plants. The plus end of phragmoplast microtubules is facing the divi ...
Text - Enlighten: Publications
... root hairs (arrows) and epidermis (hollow arrow). Bar = 100 μm. B: Magnified view of a root hair labeled with LM15 (arrow). Bar = 19 μm. C and D: LM15 labeling of root hair highlighting a slight but notable gradient with more intense labeling at the root hair tip (C, arrow). D is the DIC profile of ...
... root hairs (arrows) and epidermis (hollow arrow). Bar = 100 μm. B: Magnified view of a root hair labeled with LM15 (arrow). Bar = 19 μm. C and D: LM15 labeling of root hair highlighting a slight but notable gradient with more intense labeling at the root hair tip (C, arrow). D is the DIC profile of ...
"Molecular Motors in Plant Cells". In: Molecular Motors
... would be interesting to see if any other Arabidopsis KLPs are targeted to organelles. KLPs that are targeted to organelles have not been reported previously in the literature. Mutations in the HINKEL (HIK) gene in Arabidopsis result in defective cytokinesis. These mutants have high frequency of inco ...
... would be interesting to see if any other Arabidopsis KLPs are targeted to organelles. KLPs that are targeted to organelles have not been reported previously in the literature. Mutations in the HINKEL (HIK) gene in Arabidopsis result in defective cytokinesis. These mutants have high frequency of inco ...
From induction to conduction: how intrinsic transcriptional priming of
... downstream gene batteries that direct the unique properties of a particular neuronal subtype [7,8]. These powerful transcription factors are both necessary and sufficient to induce key features of a subtype-specific identity, including the molecular expression patterns, morphology, electrophysiology ...
... downstream gene batteries that direct the unique properties of a particular neuronal subtype [7,8]. These powerful transcription factors are both necessary and sufficient to induce key features of a subtype-specific identity, including the molecular expression patterns, morphology, electrophysiology ...
Regulation of Tcell receptor signaling by the actin cytoskeleton and
... appears to continuously cycle among signaling complexes (22). This indicates that triggered TCRs are stabilized or semistabilized, perhaps needing only occasional interaction with signaling factors to remain triggered. This might also allow the cell to rapidly deactivate signaling as TCRs reach the ...
... appears to continuously cycle among signaling complexes (22). This indicates that triggered TCRs are stabilized or semistabilized, perhaps needing only occasional interaction with signaling factors to remain triggered. This might also allow the cell to rapidly deactivate signaling as TCRs reach the ...
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae SEC14 Gene Encodes a Cytosolic
... This organelle is of fundamental importance in the regulation of intracellular protein traffic that transits the later stages of the secretory pathway, the recycling of membrane from the cell surface, and communication with aspects of the endocytic pathway (14). Morphological studies have indicated ...
... This organelle is of fundamental importance in the regulation of intracellular protein traffic that transits the later stages of the secretory pathway, the recycling of membrane from the cell surface, and communication with aspects of the endocytic pathway (14). Morphological studies have indicated ...
Xylem Structure and Function
... Xylem cell types The structural features of xylem are determined by the size, shape and distribution of xylem cell types and, in particular, by the shape and thickness of their cell walls. Cell wall structure affects cell type and characteristics Almost all plant cells produce primary cell walls. Th ...
... Xylem cell types The structural features of xylem are determined by the size, shape and distribution of xylem cell types and, in particular, by the shape and thickness of their cell walls. Cell wall structure affects cell type and characteristics Almost all plant cells produce primary cell walls. Th ...
Title Non-coding functions of alternative pre-mRNA - DR-NTU
... 3.3. Other elements regulating mRNA stability and translation In several cases, AS-regulated 3’UTRs have been shown to control protein expression levels through poorly understood mechanisms. For instance, inclusion of exon 23 into integrin α7 (Itga7) mRNA gives rise to a protein with altered C-term ...
... 3.3. Other elements regulating mRNA stability and translation In several cases, AS-regulated 3’UTRs have been shown to control protein expression levels through poorly understood mechanisms. For instance, inclusion of exon 23 into integrin α7 (Itga7) mRNA gives rise to a protein with altered C-term ...
Pausing of Golgi Bodies on Microtubules Regulates
... behavior, and velocity to those observed in untreated basal hypocotyl cells and those induced by osmotic stress or cycloheximide treatment (cf. Figures 2D, 3A, 3B, and 3E; see Supplemental Figure 2G online). Mock treatment with an identical dilution of DMSO did not observably alter GFP-CESA3 localiz ...
... behavior, and velocity to those observed in untreated basal hypocotyl cells and those induced by osmotic stress or cycloheximide treatment (cf. Figures 2D, 3A, 3B, and 3E; see Supplemental Figure 2G online). Mock treatment with an identical dilution of DMSO did not observably alter GFP-CESA3 localiz ...
Shifts, Aneuploidy, and Loss of Heterozygosity Rapid Mechanisms
... eukaryotic cells can rapidly adapt to stressful environments (Selmecki et al. 2006, 2008; Rancati et al. 2008; Pavelka et al. 2010; Yona et al. 2012; Zhu et al. 2012; Tan et al. 2013). In this work, we review how sexual, parasexual, and asexual mechanisms contribute to karyotypic variation through p ...
... eukaryotic cells can rapidly adapt to stressful environments (Selmecki et al. 2006, 2008; Rancati et al. 2008; Pavelka et al. 2010; Yona et al. 2012; Zhu et al. 2012; Tan et al. 2013). In this work, we review how sexual, parasexual, and asexual mechanisms contribute to karyotypic variation through p ...
Using monoclonal antibodies to label living root hairs: a novel tool
... root hairs (arrows) and epidermis (hollow arrow). Bar = 100 μm. B: Magnified view of a root hair labeled with LM15 (arrow). Bar = 19 μm. C and D: LM15 labeling of root hair highlighting a slight but notable gradient with more intense labeling at the root hair tip (C, arrow). D is the DIC profile of ...
... root hairs (arrows) and epidermis (hollow arrow). Bar = 100 μm. B: Magnified view of a root hair labeled with LM15 (arrow). Bar = 19 μm. C and D: LM15 labeling of root hair highlighting a slight but notable gradient with more intense labeling at the root hair tip (C, arrow). D is the DIC profile of ...
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... arrowheads), signifying that cells had not progressed past the twocell stage. In later developmental stages (L3), some branched fusomes were detected, but only among germ cells at some distance from ectopic hub cells (Fig. 4D, arrow). Strikingly, germ cells adjacent to ectopic hub cells often contai ...
... arrowheads), signifying that cells had not progressed past the twocell stage. In later developmental stages (L3), some branched fusomes were detected, but only among germ cells at some distance from ectopic hub cells (Fig. 4D, arrow). Strikingly, germ cells adjacent to ectopic hub cells often contai ...
how the ubiquitin–proteasome system controls transcription
... establishes the mechanism through which uH2B contributes to gene silencing, and indicates that histone ubiquitylation is an integral part of the HISTONE CODE25 that cells use to distinguish transcriptionally active from inactive chromatin. But how does ubiquitylation regulate other histone modificat ...
... establishes the mechanism through which uH2B contributes to gene silencing, and indicates that histone ubiquitylation is an integral part of the HISTONE CODE25 that cells use to distinguish transcriptionally active from inactive chromatin. But how does ubiquitylation regulate other histone modificat ...
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... Trypanosoma brucei is a protozoan pathogen, which threatens thousands of people and kills millions of farm animals in sub-Saharan Africa [1]. In order to shuttle between different hosts, this parasite had to develop a complex life cycle, which includes two very different host environments: the vascu ...
... Trypanosoma brucei is a protozoan pathogen, which threatens thousands of people and kills millions of farm animals in sub-Saharan Africa [1]. In order to shuttle between different hosts, this parasite had to develop a complex life cycle, which includes two very different host environments: the vascu ...
The Living World - Chapter 4 - McGraw Hill Higher Education
... Copyright ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display ...
... Copyright ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display ...
Lineage-specific stem cells, signals and asymmetries
... Stomata are small cellular valves found on the epidermis of land plants that facilitate gas exchange while minimizing water loss. The correct density, distribution and differentiation of stomata are crucial for stomatal function and hence optimal plant growth and survival. A number of environmental ...
... Stomata are small cellular valves found on the epidermis of land plants that facilitate gas exchange while minimizing water loss. The correct density, distribution and differentiation of stomata are crucial for stomatal function and hence optimal plant growth and survival. A number of environmental ...
The Human Arp2/3 Complex Is Composed of Evolutionarily
... 20-, and 16-kD subunits, all present in approximately equal stoichiometry. These subunits are referred to as p41Arc, p34-Arc, p21-Arc, p20-Arc, and p16-Arc (Arp complex). A similar Arp2/3 complex was first discovered by profilin affinity chromatography of cell extracts from Acanthamoeba castellanii ...
... 20-, and 16-kD subunits, all present in approximately equal stoichiometry. These subunits are referred to as p41Arc, p34-Arc, p21-Arc, p20-Arc, and p16-Arc (Arp complex). A similar Arp2/3 complex was first discovered by profilin affinity chromatography of cell extracts from Acanthamoeba castellanii ...
Protists
... back to about 1.2 billion years ago compared to bacteria which appear about 3.5 billion years ago. We do not know how the various groups of protists are related to one another. We assume they arose from certain groups of bacteria, but when and how they came into being, scientists are still invest ...
... back to about 1.2 billion years ago compared to bacteria which appear about 3.5 billion years ago. We do not know how the various groups of protists are related to one another. We assume they arose from certain groups of bacteria, but when and how they came into being, scientists are still invest ...
Gene Section MAPRE1 (Microtubule-associated protein, RP/EB family, member 1)
... applied when the protein was found to target to microtubule plus ends. ...
... applied when the protein was found to target to microtubule plus ends. ...
Syllabus / Pacing Guide page 2
... The differences between somatic cells and gametes. The difference between the terms haploid and diploid. The concept of cell growth and division (Bio.5a) The concept of gamete formation. (Bio.5b) The concept of cell specialization. (Bio.5c) How crossing over increases genetic diversity. The differen ...
... The differences between somatic cells and gametes. The difference between the terms haploid and diploid. The concept of cell growth and division (Bio.5a) The concept of gamete formation. (Bio.5b) The concept of cell specialization. (Bio.5c) How crossing over increases genetic diversity. The differen ...
Auxin and the Communication Between Plant Cells
... any photosynthetic activity has to be excluded from heterocysts. These cells are therefore hypocellular with respect to assimilation. The balance between nitrogen export and assimilate import has to be maintained although the total number of cells grows continuously. This balance is kept by iterativ ...
... any photosynthetic activity has to be excluded from heterocysts. These cells are therefore hypocellular with respect to assimilation. The balance between nitrogen export and assimilate import has to be maintained although the total number of cells grows continuously. This balance is kept by iterativ ...
SM-20, EGL-9, and the EGLN Family of Hypoxia
... the plasma membrane to the nucleus has been shown to involve other types of protein modifications including regulated proteolysis (Ebinu and Yankner, 2002), fatty acid acylation (Resh, 1996), ubiquitination (Yang and Yu, 2003), and acetylation (Magnaghi-Jaulin et al., 1999). Recent studies on the re ...
... the plasma membrane to the nucleus has been shown to involve other types of protein modifications including regulated proteolysis (Ebinu and Yankner, 2002), fatty acid acylation (Resh, 1996), ubiquitination (Yang and Yu, 2003), and acetylation (Magnaghi-Jaulin et al., 1999). Recent studies on the re ...
Cell cycle
The cell cycle or cell-division cycle is the series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication (replication) that produces two daughter cells. In prokaryotes which lack a cell nucleus, the cell cycle occurs via a process termed binary fission. In cells with a nucleus, as in eukaryotes, the cell cycle can be divided into three periods: interphase, the mitotic (M) phase, and cytokinesis. During interphase, the cell grows, accumulating nutrients needed for mitosis, preparing it for cell division and duplicating its DNA. During the mitotic phase, the cell splits itself into two distinct daughter cells. During the final stage, cytokinesis, the new cell is completely divided. To ensure the proper division of the cell, there are control mechanisms known as cell cycle checkpoints.The cell-division cycle is a vital process by which a single-celled fertilized egg develops into a mature organism, as well as the process by which hair, skin, blood cells, and some internal organs are renewed. After cell division, each of the daughter cells begin the interphase of a new cycle. Although the various stages of interphase are not usually morphologically distinguishable, each phase of the cell cycle has a distinct set of specialized biochemical processes that prepare the cell for initiation of cell division.