Constrained transcription factor spacing is prevalent and important
... previous step (‘Scanning ChIP-seq peaks for known motifs’) with at least 50 occurrences in the genome were organized by Jaspar ID. By doing this, the motif regions are dissociated from the sample ID and unique coordinates were kept. By iterating over all pairwise combination of motifs, the offset, s ...
... previous step (‘Scanning ChIP-seq peaks for known motifs’) with at least 50 occurrences in the genome were organized by Jaspar ID. By doing this, the motif regions are dissociated from the sample ID and unique coordinates were kept. By iterating over all pairwise combination of motifs, the offset, s ...
Biology - Fairfield Area School District
... Biology – 10th Grade Unit: Cell Structure and Function Standards: 3.1.10 A, E; 3.2.10 A; 3.3.10 A, B; 4.6.10 A; 4.7.10 B Unit Essential Question(s): 1. What is cell theory? 2. What is the structure and function of eukaryote organelles? 3. What is the structure and function of the cell membrane? 4. ...
... Biology – 10th Grade Unit: Cell Structure and Function Standards: 3.1.10 A, E; 3.2.10 A; 3.3.10 A, B; 4.6.10 A; 4.7.10 B Unit Essential Question(s): 1. What is cell theory? 2. What is the structure and function of eukaryote organelles? 3. What is the structure and function of the cell membrane? 4. ...
Starvation Induces Vacuolar Targeting and Degradation of the
... membrane proteins, is removed from the plasma membrane via ubiquitin-triggered internalization (Hicke and Riezman, 1996; Hicke, 1997; Springael and Andre, 1998). The NPI1/RSP5 ubiquitin-protein ligase is required for GAP1 ubiquitination. NPI1/RSP5 was originally identified as the nitrogen permease i ...
... membrane proteins, is removed from the plasma membrane via ubiquitin-triggered internalization (Hicke and Riezman, 1996; Hicke, 1997; Springael and Andre, 1998). The NPI1/RSP5 ubiquitin-protein ligase is required for GAP1 ubiquitination. NPI1/RSP5 was originally identified as the nitrogen permease i ...
Vesicle trafficking dynamics and visualization of zones of exocytosis
... Received 14 September 2007; Revised 23 November 2007; Accepted 7 January 2008 ...
... Received 14 September 2007; Revised 23 November 2007; Accepted 7 January 2008 ...
TNF-induced endothelial barrier disruption: beyond actin and Rho
... Upon arrival at the plasma membrane, some of the TNF molecules are shed by the metalloproteinase TNFα-converting enzyme (TACE), also known as a disintegrin and metalloproteinase-17 (ADAM-17), and released as a soluble homotrimer of 17 KD (5, 6). TNF binds to two type I transmembrane receptors, TNFR1 ...
... Upon arrival at the plasma membrane, some of the TNF molecules are shed by the metalloproteinase TNFα-converting enzyme (TACE), also known as a disintegrin and metalloproteinase-17 (ADAM-17), and released as a soluble homotrimer of 17 KD (5, 6). TNF binds to two type I transmembrane receptors, TNFR1 ...
PDF
... opposing fates, the cell is still able to resolve these inputs into a robust cell-fate decision. Commonly, this is resolved into a WntON/Notch-OFF response (Uyttendaele et al., 1998). However, how this occurs mechanistically is poorly understood. One possibility is direct inhibitory crosstalk with d ...
... opposing fates, the cell is still able to resolve these inputs into a robust cell-fate decision. Commonly, this is resolved into a WntON/Notch-OFF response (Uyttendaele et al., 1998). However, how this occurs mechanistically is poorly understood. One possibility is direct inhibitory crosstalk with d ...
as a PDF
... INTRODUCTION Higher plants cannot escape from the place where they germinate and settle, even if the environmental conditions drastically change. Plants have developed many mechanisms during the course of evolution to survive in such circumstances by changing growth direction or architecture of thei ...
... INTRODUCTION Higher plants cannot escape from the place where they germinate and settle, even if the environmental conditions drastically change. Plants have developed many mechanisms during the course of evolution to survive in such circumstances by changing growth direction or architecture of thei ...
Cytokinesis defines a spatial landmark for hepatocyte polarization
... and Macara, 2012; St Johnston and Ahringer, 2010), whereas emerging evidence from studies involving 3D cultures of MDCK and human intestinal Caco-2 cells suggests that polarization and apical lumen formation are associated with cell division (Jaffe et al., 2008; Schlüter et al., 2009). However, it ...
... and Macara, 2012; St Johnston and Ahringer, 2010), whereas emerging evidence from studies involving 3D cultures of MDCK and human intestinal Caco-2 cells suggests that polarization and apical lumen formation are associated with cell division (Jaffe et al., 2008; Schlüter et al., 2009). However, it ...
the fine-tuning of the endomembrane system
... Pérez Guerra et al., 2010). In our opinion it would be more appropriate to name this last zone “zone of symbiosis termination”, as other nodule tissues as well as cell of the roots from which nodule is derived are not undergoing senescence simultaneously with infected cells. The nodules with determi ...
... Pérez Guerra et al., 2010). In our opinion it would be more appropriate to name this last zone “zone of symbiosis termination”, as other nodule tissues as well as cell of the roots from which nodule is derived are not undergoing senescence simultaneously with infected cells. The nodules with determi ...
Cotto J. Fox S. Morimoto R . HSF1 granules
... trimers appear within minutes of activation and can be detected bound to DNA shortly thereafter. The rapid induction of the heat shock response suggests that the relocalization of HSF1 must involve a dynamic process. Yet, unlike most proteins which either translocate constitutively to the nucleus or ...
... trimers appear within minutes of activation and can be detected bound to DNA shortly thereafter. The rapid induction of the heat shock response suggests that the relocalization of HSF1 must involve a dynamic process. Yet, unlike most proteins which either translocate constitutively to the nucleus or ...
T Cells FOXP3 Target Genes in Natural Regulatory Genome
... manipulate Tregs may improve diagnosis or therapeutic intervention for autoimmune diseases. To achieve this, sensitive and specific biomarkers are required, but currently, however, there are limited markers available. This genome-wide study of human Tregs takes an unbiased approach for identificatio ...
... manipulate Tregs may improve diagnosis or therapeutic intervention for autoimmune diseases. To achieve this, sensitive and specific biomarkers are required, but currently, however, there are limited markers available. This genome-wide study of human Tregs takes an unbiased approach for identificatio ...
Slits affect the timely migration of neural crest cells via robo receptor
... Slits are expressed during earlier stages, before trunk neural crest initiate delamination (before HH13). We observed that in HH12–13 embryos (Fig. 1A–C, H–K), as for HH17 (see Supp. Fig. S1A–H, which is available online), Slit1, Slit2, and Slit3 are expressed in the trunk dorsal neural tube but are ...
... Slits are expressed during earlier stages, before trunk neural crest initiate delamination (before HH13). We observed that in HH12–13 embryos (Fig. 1A–C, H–K), as for HH17 (see Supp. Fig. S1A–H, which is available online), Slit1, Slit2, and Slit3 are expressed in the trunk dorsal neural tube but are ...
Transcriptional mechanisms regulating skeletal muscle
... transcription factors, such as paired box, homeobox and T-box proteins, have been identified as binding upstream of MRF genes. None of these factors is exclusively expressed in the muscle progenitor cells that give rise to differentiated muscle cells, which suggests that these transcription factor ...
... transcription factors, such as paired box, homeobox and T-box proteins, have been identified as binding upstream of MRF genes. None of these factors is exclusively expressed in the muscle progenitor cells that give rise to differentiated muscle cells, which suggests that these transcription factor ...
hematopoietic stem cells: to be or notch to be
... only generate a limited number of cell types. The latter include the ones involved in tissue formation and regeneration both in the embryo and the adult 2 The hematopoietic system has served for decades as a pioneer model for studying and deciphering the behavior of somatic Stem Cells and the mechan ...
... only generate a limited number of cell types. The latter include the ones involved in tissue formation and regeneration both in the embryo and the adult 2 The hematopoietic system has served for decades as a pioneer model for studying and deciphering the behavior of somatic Stem Cells and the mechan ...
Increased root hair density by loss of WRKY6 in Arabidopsis
... involved to determine the fate of hair cells (Savage et al., 2013). Rhizodermal cells that are in so called non-hair N-positions have only contact with a single cortex cell and do not develop into hair cells. However, ectopic root hairs that develop in N-positions may also contribute to the higher d ...
... involved to determine the fate of hair cells (Savage et al., 2013). Rhizodermal cells that are in so called non-hair N-positions have only contact with a single cortex cell and do not develop into hair cells. However, ectopic root hairs that develop in N-positions may also contribute to the higher d ...
... regulation of the actin cytoskeleton plays critical roles. The actin cytoskeleton can be regulated at various levels; nucleation, polymerization, capping, severing, bundling, and crosslinking [16,17,18]. Disruption of the actin cytoskeleton regulation results in aberrant cell motility. For example, ...
Infusion of a biotinylated bis-glucose photolabel
... GLUT1 is also expressed in the heart, both in cardiac myocytes, where it has a role in basal glucose uptake (14, 41, 51), and in endothelial cells (9). GLUT1 undergoes modest translocation to the sarcolemma with insulin and ischemia (14, 51), as it does in adipocytes (50). GLUT1 is also regulated at ...
... GLUT1 is also expressed in the heart, both in cardiac myocytes, where it has a role in basal glucose uptake (14, 41, 51), and in endothelial cells (9). GLUT1 undergoes modest translocation to the sarcolemma with insulin and ischemia (14, 51), as it does in adipocytes (50). GLUT1 is also regulated at ...
The SR Protein SRp38 Represses Splicing in M Phase Cells
... Among those uncovered was a protein with strong sequence similarity to SR proteins. Two forms of this protein, likely arising from alternative splicing, were recovered. Strengthening the similarity with SR proteins, the RBD showed the highest homology with that of the classical SR protein SC35 (46% ...
... Among those uncovered was a protein with strong sequence similarity to SR proteins. Two forms of this protein, likely arising from alternative splicing, were recovered. Strengthening the similarity with SR proteins, the RBD showed the highest homology with that of the classical SR protein SC35 (46% ...
Regulation of KNOLLE syntaxin - Journal of Cell Science
... Söllner et al., 1993b). This idea was challenged in recent in vitro interaction studies that provided evidence for promiscuity among interacting SNARE partners (Fasshauer et al., 1999). However, thorough analyses of yeast SNARE interactions in liposome assays have indicated a high degree of specific ...
... Söllner et al., 1993b). This idea was challenged in recent in vitro interaction studies that provided evidence for promiscuity among interacting SNARE partners (Fasshauer et al., 1999). However, thorough analyses of yeast SNARE interactions in liposome assays have indicated a high degree of specific ...
Differential Subnuclear Localization of RNA Strands of Opposite
... whether the nucleolus-localized DNA-dependent RNA polymerase I was involved in some aspects of replication in addition to the possible nucleolar import of the ( )- and ()-strand RNAs (Bonfiglioli et al., 1996). How the reported subnuclear localization patterns of the ()- and ()-strands of viroid ...
... whether the nucleolus-localized DNA-dependent RNA polymerase I was involved in some aspects of replication in addition to the possible nucleolar import of the ( )- and ()-strand RNAs (Bonfiglioli et al., 1996). How the reported subnuclear localization patterns of the ()- and ()-strands of viroid ...
Cardiac Stem Cells and Mechanisms of Myocardial Regeneration
... initiation and evolution of cardiac failure appears to depend mostly on two other crucial factors that are strictly interrelated in the determination of pump function: the accumulation of old, poorly contracting cells and the formation of multiple foci of myocardial scarring (52, 53, ...
... initiation and evolution of cardiac failure appears to depend mostly on two other crucial factors that are strictly interrelated in the determination of pump function: the accumulation of old, poorly contracting cells and the formation of multiple foci of myocardial scarring (52, 53, ...
Cell cycle
The cell cycle or cell-division cycle is the series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication (replication) that produces two daughter cells. In prokaryotes which lack a cell nucleus, the cell cycle occurs via a process termed binary fission. In cells with a nucleus, as in eukaryotes, the cell cycle can be divided into three periods: interphase, the mitotic (M) phase, and cytokinesis. During interphase, the cell grows, accumulating nutrients needed for mitosis, preparing it for cell division and duplicating its DNA. During the mitotic phase, the cell splits itself into two distinct daughter cells. During the final stage, cytokinesis, the new cell is completely divided. To ensure the proper division of the cell, there are control mechanisms known as cell cycle checkpoints.The cell-division cycle is a vital process by which a single-celled fertilized egg develops into a mature organism, as well as the process by which hair, skin, blood cells, and some internal organs are renewed. After cell division, each of the daughter cells begin the interphase of a new cycle. Although the various stages of interphase are not usually morphologically distinguishable, each phase of the cell cycle has a distinct set of specialized biochemical processes that prepare the cell for initiation of cell division.