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Guanine Nucleotides Modulate the Effects of Brefeldin A in
... as rhodamine-phalloidin (1,200 D). Although >95 % of the cells on the coverslip were found to be perforated by this filter stripping technique in most assays, similar to efficiencies reported by Simons and Virta (1987), the intensity of the staining exhibited varied somewhat from cell to cell, sugge ...
... as rhodamine-phalloidin (1,200 D). Although >95 % of the cells on the coverslip were found to be perforated by this filter stripping technique in most assays, similar to efficiencies reported by Simons and Virta (1987), the intensity of the staining exhibited varied somewhat from cell to cell, sugge ...
Function Antigens but with Altered Cytokine Secretion Cells To
... MHC II molecules in endosomal compartments of immature DCs. Immature DCs also express receptors for pathogen-associated compounds (e.g., TLR ligands). Encounter of TLR ligands activates DCs and triggers a maturation program characterized by: 1) transient upregulation of macrocytosis/phagocytosis fol ...
... MHC II molecules in endosomal compartments of immature DCs. Immature DCs also express receptors for pathogen-associated compounds (e.g., TLR ligands). Encounter of TLR ligands activates DCs and triggers a maturation program characterized by: 1) transient upregulation of macrocytosis/phagocytosis fol ...
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... Multicellularity had its beginnings in cooperative living, a situation where individual cells lived in close physical proximity and gained some benefit from living together that they would not have had when living as independent single cells. However, the benefit was not essential for life — it migh ...
... Multicellularity had its beginnings in cooperative living, a situation where individual cells lived in close physical proximity and gained some benefit from living together that they would not have had when living as independent single cells. However, the benefit was not essential for life — it migh ...
Oct-4 controls cell-cycle progression of embryonic stem cells
... Mouse and human ES (embryonic stem) cells display unusual proliferative properties, which are achieved by symmetric cell division, while maintaining their pluripotency. These properties can be regulated by transcriptional control in the nucleus through extracellular signals [1]. The oct-4 gene, also ...
... Mouse and human ES (embryonic stem) cells display unusual proliferative properties, which are achieved by symmetric cell division, while maintaining their pluripotency. These properties can be regulated by transcriptional control in the nucleus through extracellular signals [1]. The oct-4 gene, also ...
Multiple post-translational modifications regulate E
... cells with TN before the glycoproteins were isolated by binding to WGA agarose. As expected, treatment with TN prevented Nlinked glycosylation of E-cadherin and therefore decreased the molecular mass of the mature protein (Fig. 1A, lane 2, N). Although TN treatment abolished the binding of 120 kDa E ...
... cells with TN before the glycoproteins were isolated by binding to WGA agarose. As expected, treatment with TN prevented Nlinked glycosylation of E-cadherin and therefore decreased the molecular mass of the mature protein (Fig. 1A, lane 2, N). Although TN treatment abolished the binding of 120 kDa E ...
Loss of PTEN Promotes Tumor Development in
... a phosphatase of which the primary function is to degrade the products of PI3K by dephosphorylating phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5trisphosphate and phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate at the 3 position (25). Loss of functional PTEN from tumor cells causes accumulation of these critical second messenge ...
... a phosphatase of which the primary function is to degrade the products of PI3K by dephosphorylating phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5trisphosphate and phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate at the 3 position (25). Loss of functional PTEN from tumor cells causes accumulation of these critical second messenge ...
Raven/Johnson Biology 8e
... b. A normal gene that can result in cancer if it becomes mutated c. A gene introduced into a cell that can cause cancer d. A gene that suppresses unregulated cell divisions The correct answer is b— A. Answer a is incorrect. Mutant genes associated with cancer are called oncogenes. The correct answer ...
... b. A normal gene that can result in cancer if it becomes mutated c. A gene introduced into a cell that can cause cancer d. A gene that suppresses unregulated cell divisions The correct answer is b— A. Answer a is incorrect. Mutant genes associated with cancer are called oncogenes. The correct answer ...
Mapping the Synthetic Dosage Lethality Network of CDK1/CDC28
... Genes with synthetic lethal interactions often function in parallel nonessential pathways that control an essential cellular process (Dixon et al. 2009). Therefore, synthetic lethality can be used to identify new regulators of specific cellular processes, or assign new functions to genes (Enserink ...
... Genes with synthetic lethal interactions often function in parallel nonessential pathways that control an essential cellular process (Dixon et al. 2009). Therefore, synthetic lethality can be used to identify new regulators of specific cellular processes, or assign new functions to genes (Enserink ...
Raven/Johnson Biology 8e Chapter 10 - Answers 1.
... b. A normal gene that can result in cancer if it becomes mutated c. A gene introduced into a cell that can cause cancer d. A gene that suppresses unregulated cell divisions The correct answer is b— A. Answer a is incorrect. Mutant genes associated with cancer are called oncogenes. The correct answer ...
... b. A normal gene that can result in cancer if it becomes mutated c. A gene introduced into a cell that can cause cancer d. A gene that suppresses unregulated cell divisions The correct answer is b— A. Answer a is incorrect. Mutant genes associated with cancer are called oncogenes. The correct answer ...
Session 241 Ganglion Cells: Development, axotomy, trauma
... leading to visual impairment, seems to be mediated by programed cell death. Therefore, activation of survival pathways, such as that of PI3K/Akt, is a potential therapeutical target to delay retinal degeneration. The aim of this study is to test in retinal explants the effect of PTD4-PI3KAc, a synth ...
... leading to visual impairment, seems to be mediated by programed cell death. Therefore, activation of survival pathways, such as that of PI3K/Akt, is a potential therapeutical target to delay retinal degeneration. The aim of this study is to test in retinal explants the effect of PTD4-PI3KAc, a synth ...
4 | the tissue level of organization
... All epithelia share some important structural and functional features. This tissue is highly cellular, with little or no extracellular material present between cells. Adjoining cells form a specialized intercellular connection between their cell membranes called a cell junction. The epithelial cells ...
... All epithelia share some important structural and functional features. This tissue is highly cellular, with little or no extracellular material present between cells. Adjoining cells form a specialized intercellular connection between their cell membranes called a cell junction. The epithelial cells ...
Cleavage furrow formation and ingression during animal cytokinesis
... formation should be prevented. In this study, however, microtubule density was analysed in fixed preparations, which may not detect dynamic interactions between microtubules and the cortex. Time-lapse microscopy is needed to confirm these results and monitor microtubule behaviour during anaphase. In ...
... formation should be prevented. In this study, however, microtubule density was analysed in fixed preparations, which may not detect dynamic interactions between microtubules and the cortex. Time-lapse microscopy is needed to confirm these results and monitor microtubule behaviour during anaphase. In ...
Extracellular O2 Probe
... and is also a major mechanism of drug-induced toxicity. Oxygen consumption is one of the most informative and direct measures of mitochondrial function. Traditional methods of measuring oxygen consumption are hampered by the limitations of low throughput and high complexity. The Extracellular O2 pro ...
... and is also a major mechanism of drug-induced toxicity. Oxygen consumption is one of the most informative and direct measures of mitochondrial function. Traditional methods of measuring oxygen consumption are hampered by the limitations of low throughput and high complexity. The Extracellular O2 pro ...
Identification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa flagellin as - AJP-Lung
... was used as a negative control in the P. aeruginosa binding assay. Both cell lines were maintained in Ham’s F-12-Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium containing 200 g/ml G418, 5% fetal bovine serum, 100 U/ml penicillin, and 100 g/ml streptomycin (all from Life Technologies). P. aeruginosa binding as ...
... was used as a negative control in the P. aeruginosa binding assay. Both cell lines were maintained in Ham’s F-12-Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium containing 200 g/ml G418, 5% fetal bovine serum, 100 U/ml penicillin, and 100 g/ml streptomycin (all from Life Technologies). P. aeruginosa binding as ...
Active Uptake and Extravesicular Storage of m
... radiopharmaceutical in this tumor category. The present study demonstrates for the first time extensive extravesicular storage of MIBG in a single in vitro model of human neuroblastoma. Obviously, nongranular storage will have an important, al though as yet unknown, impact on the biological half-lif ...
... radiopharmaceutical in this tumor category. The present study demonstrates for the first time extensive extravesicular storage of MIBG in a single in vitro model of human neuroblastoma. Obviously, nongranular storage will have an important, al though as yet unknown, impact on the biological half-lif ...
Pex5p stabilizes Pex14p: a study using a newly isolated pex5 CHO
... For immunoprecipitation of FLAG-tagged proteins, cells or subcellular fractions were lysed in buffer-L [20 mM HepesKOH (pH 7.4), 150 mM NaCl, 25 μg/ml each of leupeptin and antipain, 1 mM PMSF, 1 mM EDTA, and 1 mM dithiothreitol containing 0.5 % CHAPS]. A soluble fraction was subjected to immunoprec ...
... For immunoprecipitation of FLAG-tagged proteins, cells or subcellular fractions were lysed in buffer-L [20 mM HepesKOH (pH 7.4), 150 mM NaCl, 25 μg/ml each of leupeptin and antipain, 1 mM PMSF, 1 mM EDTA, and 1 mM dithiothreitol containing 0.5 % CHAPS]. A soluble fraction was subjected to immunoprec ...
Cyclooxygenase-2 Contributes to N-Methyl-D-aspartate
... (COX; for a review, see Smith et al., 1991). There are two known COX isoforms, COX-1 and COX-2, which are 90% similar in amino acid sequence and 60% homologous (Smith and DeWitt 1995). Although the isoforms catalyze the same reaction, the genes encoding the different isoforms differ in their regulat ...
... (COX; for a review, see Smith et al., 1991). There are two known COX isoforms, COX-1 and COX-2, which are 90% similar in amino acid sequence and 60% homologous (Smith and DeWitt 1995). Although the isoforms catalyze the same reaction, the genes encoding the different isoforms differ in their regulat ...
Plasma Membrane Depolarization Induced by
... frequences were plotted. The diameter of cells was between 38 and 62 mm. The theorical distribution followed a Gaussian curve centered on the mean voltage (42 6 9.5 mV). B, Typical whole-cell inward and outward currents recorded across the plasma membrane of intact cells polarized close to the mean ...
... frequences were plotted. The diameter of cells was between 38 and 62 mm. The theorical distribution followed a Gaussian curve centered on the mean voltage (42 6 9.5 mV). B, Typical whole-cell inward and outward currents recorded across the plasma membrane of intact cells polarized close to the mean ...
Specific vasopressin binding to rat adrenal glomerulosa cells
... 20,sM. These preliminary experiments clearly demonstrated the presence on glomerulosa cells of high-affinity vasopressin-binding sites. Specific [3H]vasopressin binding to glomerulosa cells was time-dependent and reversible (Fig. 1). For 6 nm[3H]vasopressin, specific binding was maximum after 5 min ...
... 20,sM. These preliminary experiments clearly demonstrated the presence on glomerulosa cells of high-affinity vasopressin-binding sites. Specific [3H]vasopressin binding to glomerulosa cells was time-dependent and reversible (Fig. 1). For 6 nm[3H]vasopressin, specific binding was maximum after 5 min ...
Photosynthesis Research
... examined. A selection of these CLSM images for six different plant species is shown in Figure 4. The frequency with which strings of grana of varying length are observed in living cells of a wide range of species establishes this as a fairly general, but not omnipresent, arrangement of grana within ...
... examined. A selection of these CLSM images for six different plant species is shown in Figure 4. The frequency with which strings of grana of varying length are observed in living cells of a wide range of species establishes this as a fairly general, but not omnipresent, arrangement of grana within ...
Section 2 Active Transport Chapter 4
... formation of a second messenger inside the cell. The second messenger acts as a signal molecule and amplifies the signal of the first messenger—that is, the original signal molecule. • Enzyme action The receptor protein may act as an enzyme. When a signal molecule binds to the receptor protein, the ...
... formation of a second messenger inside the cell. The second messenger acts as a signal molecule and amplifies the signal of the first messenger—that is, the original signal molecule. • Enzyme action The receptor protein may act as an enzyme. When a signal molecule binds to the receptor protein, the ...
Characterization of Pinin, A Novel Protein Associated with the
... more mature or definitive desmosome-IF complex. Here, we present data regarding the purification, molecular cloning, and expression of pinin. Sequence analysis of eDNA clones suggests that pinin is a new protein with little or no overall homology to other desmosomal or IF-associated proteins. Northe ...
... more mature or definitive desmosome-IF complex. Here, we present data regarding the purification, molecular cloning, and expression of pinin. Sequence analysis of eDNA clones suggests that pinin is a new protein with little or no overall homology to other desmosomal or IF-associated proteins. Northe ...
Chloroplasts in living cells and the string-of
... examined. A selection of these CLSM images for six different plant species is shown in Figure 4. The frequency with which strings of grana of varying length are observed in living cells of a wide range of species establishes this as a fairly general, but not omnipresent, arrangement of grana within ...
... examined. A selection of these CLSM images for six different plant species is shown in Figure 4. The frequency with which strings of grana of varying length are observed in living cells of a wide range of species establishes this as a fairly general, but not omnipresent, arrangement of grana within ...
Endodermal origin of yolk-sac-derived teratomas
... inactivation is random (Takagi and Sasaki, 1975). We did observe differences in the enzyme activity between the embryos and the corresponding teratomas. However, the observations made on cryostat sections of isolated 11-day-old embryos were not always of sufficient quality to give reliable results. ...
... inactivation is random (Takagi and Sasaki, 1975). We did observe differences in the enzyme activity between the embryos and the corresponding teratomas. However, the observations made on cryostat sections of isolated 11-day-old embryos were not always of sufficient quality to give reliable results. ...
Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) adhesion to intestinal
... associated with A/E adhesion and intestinal colonization include bundle-forming pili (BFP), EspA filaments and intimin. BFP are involved in bacteria–bacteria interaction and microcolony formation but their role in cell adhesion remains unclear; EspA filaments are components of the EPEC type III secr ...
... associated with A/E adhesion and intestinal colonization include bundle-forming pili (BFP), EspA filaments and intimin. BFP are involved in bacteria–bacteria interaction and microcolony formation but their role in cell adhesion remains unclear; EspA filaments are components of the EPEC type III secr ...
Cell culture
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Cell_Culture_in_a_tiny_Petri_dish.jpg?width=300)
Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions, generally outside of their natural environment. In practice, the term ""cell culture"" now refers to the culturing of cells derived from multicellular eukaryotes, especially animal cells, in contrast with other types of culture that also grow cells, such as plant tissue culture, fungal culture, and microbiological culture (of microbes). The historical development and methods of cell culture are closely interrelated to those of tissue culture and organ culture. Viral culture is also related, with cells as hosts for the viruses. The laboratory technique of maintaining live cell lines (a population of cells descended from a single cell and containing the same genetic makeup) separated from their original tissue source became more robust in the middle 20th century.