Interferon Gamma-Treated Keratinocytes Activate T Cells in the
... Similar results were obtained with another superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin A. As expected due to both MHC restriction and the limitations with the keratinocytes as accessory cells, incubation of nominal antigen with MHC class II+ keratinocytes and T cells did not result in proliferation of T ...
... Similar results were obtained with another superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin A. As expected due to both MHC restriction and the limitations with the keratinocytes as accessory cells, incubation of nominal antigen with MHC class II+ keratinocytes and T cells did not result in proliferation of T ...
Mycobacterium tuberculosis adhesins: potential
... & Hensel, 2007). Fimbriae (hairs) or pili (threads) are the most common form of bacterial adhesins. They are elongated, multi-subunit protein structures that are able to interact with glycoprotein and glycolipid receptors found on host cells (Esko & Sharon, 2009). To be functional, adhesins must be ...
... & Hensel, 2007). Fimbriae (hairs) or pili (threads) are the most common form of bacterial adhesins. They are elongated, multi-subunit protein structures that are able to interact with glycoprotein and glycolipid receptors found on host cells (Esko & Sharon, 2009). To be functional, adhesins must be ...
Taxonomic revision and species delimitation of coccoid green algae
... and Streptophyta. The newly determined sequences (including the partial sequences from clone libraries) were added to the database using the parsimony interactive tool in ARB. The alignment was refined by comparing the sequences with their next relatives from the ARB database based on their pairing ...
... and Streptophyta. The newly determined sequences (including the partial sequences from clone libraries) were added to the database using the parsimony interactive tool in ARB. The alignment was refined by comparing the sequences with their next relatives from the ARB database based on their pairing ...
Mechanism and Function of a Newly Identified CpG DNA Motif in
... mouse system show only low activity on human immune cells (A. M. Krieg, unpublished observations). In human PBMCs, synthetic phosphodiester ODNs with hexamer palindromic sequences containing a central CpG dinucleotide have been described as inducing IFN-␣ synthesis (25). To date, the most active pho ...
... mouse system show only low activity on human immune cells (A. M. Krieg, unpublished observations). In human PBMCs, synthetic phosphodiester ODNs with hexamer palindromic sequences containing a central CpG dinucleotide have been described as inducing IFN-␣ synthesis (25). To date, the most active pho ...
Active gel physics
... both the bend and splay of a nematic director have the symmetry of a vector and, owing to the absence of time-reversal symmetry, they can enter the expression for the flux (Box 1, equation (5)). In a system with polar symmetry, there are further terms allowed by this symmetry and the absence of time ...
... both the bend and splay of a nematic director have the symmetry of a vector and, owing to the absence of time-reversal symmetry, they can enter the expression for the flux (Box 1, equation (5)). In a system with polar symmetry, there are further terms allowed by this symmetry and the absence of time ...
Involvement of Calcium Ion in the Stimulated Shoot Elongation of
... for Research on Wild Plants of Utsunomiya University and stored at 4°C in the dark (Ishizawa et al. 1999). In all experiments, tubers were used after preincubation at 25°C in the dark for 3 d. Intact tubers were used for the experiments to measure shoot elongation over a period of more than 1 d. Aft ...
... for Research on Wild Plants of Utsunomiya University and stored at 4°C in the dark (Ishizawa et al. 1999). In all experiments, tubers were used after preincubation at 25°C in the dark for 3 d. Intact tubers were used for the experiments to measure shoot elongation over a period of more than 1 d. Aft ...
Mochii - Salamander Genome Project
... Nerve-dependent regeneration is well documented in the limbs of both urodeles and anurans, and in the tails of urodeles (Goldfarb 1909; Dinsmore & Mescher 1998). Studies of the nerve-derived soluble factors have resulted in the identification of neurotrophic factors or growth factors. Ablation of th ...
... Nerve-dependent regeneration is well documented in the limbs of both urodeles and anurans, and in the tails of urodeles (Goldfarb 1909; Dinsmore & Mescher 1998). Studies of the nerve-derived soluble factors have resulted in the identification of neurotrophic factors or growth factors. Ablation of th ...
Fibroblast growth factor during mesoderm induction
... -pGF4.2-. The pstl-Bglll fragment -pGF0.9-, derived from one of the clones, was used as probe in this study. The entire coding region of the putative chicken bFGF second exon contained in pGF4.2 and flanking regions at both ends are shown in Fig. IB. The homology between the chicken exon sequence an ...
... -pGF4.2-. The pstl-Bglll fragment -pGF0.9-, derived from one of the clones, was used as probe in this study. The entire coding region of the putative chicken bFGF second exon contained in pGF4.2 and flanking regions at both ends are shown in Fig. IB. The homology between the chicken exon sequence an ...
Neural bHLH Genes Control the Neuronal versus Glial Fate
... et al., 1999; Morrison et al., 1999). Intermediate progenitors, such as the bipotential oligodendrocyte-type-2 astrocyte progenitor (O-2-A), and restricted neuronal progenitors have also been isolated and characterized in culture and by retroviral labeling studies. Moreover, a direct linear relation ...
... et al., 1999; Morrison et al., 1999). Intermediate progenitors, such as the bipotential oligodendrocyte-type-2 astrocyte progenitor (O-2-A), and restricted neuronal progenitors have also been isolated and characterized in culture and by retroviral labeling studies. Moreover, a direct linear relation ...
Molecular organization of the cell wall of Candida albicans and its
... Invasive fungal infections are important causes of morbidity and mortality, mainly in immunodepressed and hospitalized patients. Among these, the infectious processes caused by Candida albicans have acquired an increasing importance. Different virulence factors are involved in C. albicans pathogenic ...
... Invasive fungal infections are important causes of morbidity and mortality, mainly in immunodepressed and hospitalized patients. Among these, the infectious processes caused by Candida albicans have acquired an increasing importance. Different virulence factors are involved in C. albicans pathogenic ...
Cadherins constitute a superfamily of transmembrane - HAL
... adherens junctions, this model is particularly of interest since it is supported by some of disparate results for adherens junctions. In particular, it is in agreement with the X-ray and electron microscopy results which demonstrate that the EC1 dimer is central to homotypic cadherin interaction. It ...
... adherens junctions, this model is particularly of interest since it is supported by some of disparate results for adherens junctions. In particular, it is in agreement with the X-ray and electron microscopy results which demonstrate that the EC1 dimer is central to homotypic cadherin interaction. It ...
Apical constriction: themes and variations on a cellular mechanism
... Epithelial tissues consist of cells that are polarized along their apical-basal axes and held together by cell-cell adhesion. At various times in the life of an organism, epithelial tissues undergo remodeling events, thereby sculpting organs and organisms into different shapes and maintaining tissue ...
... Epithelial tissues consist of cells that are polarized along their apical-basal axes and held together by cell-cell adhesion. At various times in the life of an organism, epithelial tissues undergo remodeling events, thereby sculpting organs and organisms into different shapes and maintaining tissue ...
Bacterial cheating drives the population dynamics of
... resistant as the result of a plasmid containing a b-lactamase gene. A single resistant and a single sensitive colony were used to create three cultures with a different initial fraction of resistant cells. These three cultures were then grown for 1 day in the absence of ampicillin to make sure that ...
... resistant as the result of a plasmid containing a b-lactamase gene. A single resistant and a single sensitive colony were used to create three cultures with a different initial fraction of resistant cells. These three cultures were then grown for 1 day in the absence of ampicillin to make sure that ...
Apical constriction
... Epithelial tissues consist of cells that are polarized along their apical-basal axes and held together by cell-cell adhesion. At various times in the life of an organism, epithelial tissues undergo remodeling events, thereby sculpting organs and organisms into different shapes and maintaining tissue ...
... Epithelial tissues consist of cells that are polarized along their apical-basal axes and held together by cell-cell adhesion. At various times in the life of an organism, epithelial tissues undergo remodeling events, thereby sculpting organs and organisms into different shapes and maintaining tissue ...
A Model of Primitive Streak Initiation in the Chick Embryo
... signalling. There may be a delay between signalling and production of the inhibitor. E The production rate of the inhibitor by the uncommitted cells is zero when the inhibitor concentration is zero and increases with that concentration, but always remains below a certain maximal rate. E The activato ...
... signalling. There may be a delay between signalling and production of the inhibitor. E The production rate of the inhibitor by the uncommitted cells is zero when the inhibitor concentration is zero and increases with that concentration, but always remains below a certain maximal rate. E The activato ...
Effect of Colchicine on Human Tissues.
... degeneration of the myelin sheaths, but silver stains revealed no axonal changes. ' There were also numerous colchicine figures in the large lymphocytes, or "lymphoblasts" of the lymph nodes, the epithelium of the fallopian tubes, endometrium, and the epithelium of the renal tubules. In the latter i ...
... degeneration of the myelin sheaths, but silver stains revealed no axonal changes. ' There were also numerous colchicine figures in the large lymphocytes, or "lymphoblasts" of the lymph nodes, the epithelium of the fallopian tubes, endometrium, and the epithelium of the renal tubules. In the latter i ...
Computational optogenetics: A novel continuum framework for the
... will allow us to virtually explore the potential of optogenetic pacing. The rationale for creating such a model is that it will enable patient-specific predictions of ion channel dynamics, ionic concentrations, and action potential profiles across the heart, which are outside the reach of experimental ...
... will allow us to virtually explore the potential of optogenetic pacing. The rationale for creating such a model is that it will enable patient-specific predictions of ion channel dynamics, ionic concentrations, and action potential profiles across the heart, which are outside the reach of experimental ...
Human microcephaly ASPM protein is a spindle pole
... residual ASPM signal was similar among the four constructs and to that of the KO line (Fig. 4A, B). We observed a strong toxic effect for one of the constructs (siRNA #2) and mitotic acceleration for another (siRNA #3), suggesting that these constructs had off-target effects on important proteins ot ...
... residual ASPM signal was similar among the four constructs and to that of the KO line (Fig. 4A, B). We observed a strong toxic effect for one of the constructs (siRNA #2) and mitotic acceleration for another (siRNA #3), suggesting that these constructs had off-target effects on important proteins ot ...
CHAPTER 3: Early tissue patterning is recreated by MEFs in... Figure 5: Osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of MEFs cultured in
... we analyzed the presence of link protein, a component of the proteoglycans responsible for stabilizing the link between Aggrecan molecules and Hyaluronan polymers [67]. On the one hand, Real time PCR analysis has showed that link protein is upregulated in MEFs cultured in RAD16-I in comparison to ME ...
... we analyzed the presence of link protein, a component of the proteoglycans responsible for stabilizing the link between Aggrecan molecules and Hyaluronan polymers [67]. On the one hand, Real time PCR analysis has showed that link protein is upregulated in MEFs cultured in RAD16-I in comparison to ME ...
Inhibition of Nitric Oxide Production Is Associated
... flushed from donor femurs with complete Dulbecco'smodified Eagle's medium (GIBCO, Grand Conditioned medium was obtained on the sixth day of culture and used at a concentration of S%. This had been shown to be optimal Island, NY) plus S% fetal bovine serum. The BM plugs were passed for promoting prog ...
... flushed from donor femurs with complete Dulbecco'smodified Eagle's medium (GIBCO, Grand Conditioned medium was obtained on the sixth day of culture and used at a concentration of S%. This had been shown to be optimal Island, NY) plus S% fetal bovine serum. The BM plugs were passed for promoting prog ...
Mobiluncus gen. nov. Mobiluncus curtisii subsp. curtisii sp. nov
... and B . gracilis, by 0.3% arginine hydrochloride for growth of Eubacterium lentum, and by 1%glucose for growth of all other organisms. The pH of each medium was adjusted to 7.0 0.2. The bacterial cells were harvested by centrifugation at 4,810 x g for 10 min at 4°C. The resulting cell pellets were f ...
... and B . gracilis, by 0.3% arginine hydrochloride for growth of Eubacterium lentum, and by 1%glucose for growth of all other organisms. The pH of each medium was adjusted to 7.0 0.2. The bacterial cells were harvested by centrifugation at 4,810 x g for 10 min at 4°C. The resulting cell pellets were f ...
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... diversification is affecting the viral replication capacity. In particular, the effect of genetic diversification will be analysed in two enzymes critical for the viral replication cycle, the vir ...
... diversification is affecting the viral replication capacity. In particular, the effect of genetic diversification will be analysed in two enzymes critical for the viral replication cycle, the vir ...
Mid-term Review
... • Large in plants and small in animal cells • Cell Membrane • Boundary of cell, allows certain substances in and keeps certain substances out QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture. ...
... • Large in plants and small in animal cells • Cell Membrane • Boundary of cell, allows certain substances in and keeps certain substances out QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture. ...
The Evolutionary Biology of Hearing
... intermediate in both shape and position, but have not been described in all species. A few hair cells at the basal end of the chick papilla and many hair cells of the basal 3 mm of the barn owl papilla have been called lenticular hair cells. They are flattened, with a large apical surface area, only ...
... intermediate in both shape and position, but have not been described in all species. A few hair cells at the basal end of the chick papilla and many hair cells of the basal 3 mm of the barn owl papilla have been called lenticular hair cells. They are flattened, with a large apical surface area, only ...
Cell culture
Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions, generally outside of their natural environment. In practice, the term ""cell culture"" now refers to the culturing of cells derived from multicellular eukaryotes, especially animal cells, in contrast with other types of culture that also grow cells, such as plant tissue culture, fungal culture, and microbiological culture (of microbes). The historical development and methods of cell culture are closely interrelated to those of tissue culture and organ culture. Viral culture is also related, with cells as hosts for the viruses. The laboratory technique of maintaining live cell lines (a population of cells descended from a single cell and containing the same genetic makeup) separated from their original tissue source became more robust in the middle 20th century.