Homeostasis and the Importance for a Balance
... phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 (PDK1), and Ser473 is phosphorylated by mTORC2. AKT regulates several cellular processes such as survival and cell proliferation through a variety of downstream proteins, including BAD (Bcl-2-antagonist of cell death), FOXO (Forkhead Box O), NFB, and GSK-3 (glyc ...
... phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 (PDK1), and Ser473 is phosphorylated by mTORC2. AKT regulates several cellular processes such as survival and cell proliferation through a variety of downstream proteins, including BAD (Bcl-2-antagonist of cell death), FOXO (Forkhead Box O), NFB, and GSK-3 (glyc ...
Involvement of antimicrobial peptides in mussel defence
... Antimicrobial peptides are one of the innate immunity actors which were conserved along evolution. Last decade, they were purified from plants (Broekaert et al., 1995), invertebrates (Iwanaga et al., 1998; Bulet et al., 1999) and vertebrates (Lehrer and Ganz, 1999) and are suspected to be part of im ...
... Antimicrobial peptides are one of the innate immunity actors which were conserved along evolution. Last decade, they were purified from plants (Broekaert et al., 1995), invertebrates (Iwanaga et al., 1998; Bulet et al., 1999) and vertebrates (Lehrer and Ganz, 1999) and are suspected to be part of im ...
Transient and Stable GFP Expression in Germ Cells by the vasa
... Primordial germ cells (PGCs) are the precursors of gametes responsible for genetic transmission to the next generation. They provide an ideal system for cryopreservation and restoration of biodiversity. Recently, considerable attention has been raised to visualize, isolate and transplant PGCs within ...
... Primordial germ cells (PGCs) are the precursors of gametes responsible for genetic transmission to the next generation. They provide an ideal system for cryopreservation and restoration of biodiversity. Recently, considerable attention has been raised to visualize, isolate and transplant PGCs within ...
New immunotherapies targeting the
... lung, and skin [2,7]. This tissue expression plays an important role in regulating immune responses in the periphery [11,12]. In addition to these normal tissues, PD-L1 is often overexpressed on cancers as a mechanism for the cancerous cells to avoid immune surveillance. It is most likely that PD-L1 ...
... lung, and skin [2,7]. This tissue expression plays an important role in regulating immune responses in the periphery [11,12]. In addition to these normal tissues, PD-L1 is often overexpressed on cancers as a mechanism for the cancerous cells to avoid immune surveillance. It is most likely that PD-L1 ...
The essential role of anionic transport in plant cells
... attention will be paid to them in the control of pollen tube growth. Pollen tubes are extreme examples of cellular polarity as they grow exclusively in their apical extremity. Their unique cell biology has been extensively exploited for fundamental understanding of cellular growth and morphogenesis. ...
... attention will be paid to them in the control of pollen tube growth. Pollen tubes are extreme examples of cellular polarity as they grow exclusively in their apical extremity. Their unique cell biology has been extensively exploited for fundamental understanding of cellular growth and morphogenesis. ...
- Wiley Online Library
... Each plant starts life from the zygote formed by the fusion of an egg and a sperm cell. The zygote gives rise to a multicellular embryo that displays a basic plant body organization and is surrounded by nutritive endosperm and maternal tissue. How the body organization is generated had already been ...
... Each plant starts life from the zygote formed by the fusion of an egg and a sperm cell. The zygote gives rise to a multicellular embryo that displays a basic plant body organization and is surrounded by nutritive endosperm and maternal tissue. How the body organization is generated had already been ...
Spindle pole body-anchored Kar3 drives the nucleus
... using electron tomography because its resolution in the range of 5–10 nm provides a precise snapshot of all MTs in the cell. We reconstructed wild-type cells that have undergone cell–cell fusion but in which the two nuclei were still separated, one on each side of the cell fusion pore (n = 14 tomogr ...
... using electron tomography because its resolution in the range of 5–10 nm provides a precise snapshot of all MTs in the cell. We reconstructed wild-type cells that have undergone cell–cell fusion but in which the two nuclei were still separated, one on each side of the cell fusion pore (n = 14 tomogr ...
14-3-3 associates with cell surface aminopeptidase N in the
... were incubated with biotin–SFN at 4°C for 15 minutes and analyzed with fluorescent-conjugated streptavidin. The results revealed that biotin–SFN efficiently binds to the cell surface of fibroblasts (Fig. 1A, top panels). To ensure specific binding, the assay was repeated by competing biotin–SFN with ...
... were incubated with biotin–SFN at 4°C for 15 minutes and analyzed with fluorescent-conjugated streptavidin. The results revealed that biotin–SFN efficiently binds to the cell surface of fibroblasts (Fig. 1A, top panels). To ensure specific binding, the assay was repeated by competing biotin–SFN with ...
26 slides
... Connective tissue remains mitotic and forms repair (scar) tissue With some exceptions, muscle tissue becomes amitotic by the end of puberty Nervous tissue becomes amitotic shortly after birth. ...
... Connective tissue remains mitotic and forms repair (scar) tissue With some exceptions, muscle tissue becomes amitotic by the end of puberty Nervous tissue becomes amitotic shortly after birth. ...
Although ABA is mainly made in the leaves and the root cap, all
... closure occurred in medium of not only pH5 but also pH8 where no ABA uptake was recorded (Hartung, 1983) and (2) Binding of ABA by intact Vicia faba guard cell protoplast is trypsin-sensitive (Hornberg and Weiler, 1984). However, the idea of extracellular ABA perception was challenged by the observa ...
... closure occurred in medium of not only pH5 but also pH8 where no ABA uptake was recorded (Hartung, 1983) and (2) Binding of ABA by intact Vicia faba guard cell protoplast is trypsin-sensitive (Hornberg and Weiler, 1984). However, the idea of extracellular ABA perception was challenged by the observa ...
Plastid division
... Arabidopsis, then the chloroplast division process is seriously perturbed, suggesting that the prokaryotic MinC protein still has the ability to interact with the chloroplast division mechanism (Tavva et al., 2006). It has been suggested that another plastid division protein, ARC3 (Pyke and Leech, 1 ...
... Arabidopsis, then the chloroplast division process is seriously perturbed, suggesting that the prokaryotic MinC protein still has the ability to interact with the chloroplast division mechanism (Tavva et al., 2006). It has been suggested that another plastid division protein, ARC3 (Pyke and Leech, 1 ...
Inhibition of c-myc Expression in Cells by Targeting an RNA
... Oligonucleotides were synthesized by Dalton Chemical Laboratories (Toronto, Ontario, Canada). Oligonucleotides were resuspended into ddH2O for gel shift experiments or into RPMI-1640 medium (serum-free) for experiments in cell culture. Actual final concentrations of antisense oligonucleotides are pr ...
... Oligonucleotides were synthesized by Dalton Chemical Laboratories (Toronto, Ontario, Canada). Oligonucleotides were resuspended into ddH2O for gel shift experiments or into RPMI-1640 medium (serum-free) for experiments in cell culture. Actual final concentrations of antisense oligonucleotides are pr ...
Biological systems of the host cell involved in Agrobacterium infection
... which in nature causes neoplastic growths, represents the only known case of trans-kingdom DNA transfer. Furthermore, under laboratory conditions, Agrobacterium can also transform a wide range of other eukaryotic species, from fungi to sea urchins to human cells. How can the Agrobacterium virulence ...
... which in nature causes neoplastic growths, represents the only known case of trans-kingdom DNA transfer. Furthermore, under laboratory conditions, Agrobacterium can also transform a wide range of other eukaryotic species, from fungi to sea urchins to human cells. How can the Agrobacterium virulence ...
Lysosomal enzymes and inflammation
... cathepsin D is localized in small particles, of the size of lysosomes, in cells of various tissues. Cathepsins A, B, C, and D have been found in lysosomes from different tissues. Cathepsin D is defined by the fact that it will not act on most synthetic peptides but is active in degrading proteins, p ...
... cathepsin D is localized in small particles, of the size of lysosomes, in cells of various tissues. Cathepsins A, B, C, and D have been found in lysosomes from different tissues. Cathepsin D is defined by the fact that it will not act on most synthetic peptides but is active in degrading proteins, p ...
E ect of SB 203580 on the activity of c-Raf in vitro and in vivo
... al., 1997) and the three-dimensional structure of SAPK2a/p38a in a complex with closely related pyridinyl imidazoles has established that these drugs are inserted into the ATP-binding pocket of SAPK2a/ p38a (Tong et al., 1997; Wilson et al., 1997). However, the 4-¯uorophenyl ring of the drug does no ...
... al., 1997) and the three-dimensional structure of SAPK2a/p38a in a complex with closely related pyridinyl imidazoles has established that these drugs are inserted into the ATP-binding pocket of SAPK2a/ p38a (Tong et al., 1997; Wilson et al., 1997). However, the 4-¯uorophenyl ring of the drug does no ...
PDF
... hydrocortisone treatment were comparable to those in which hormones were omitted from the medium. Growth hormone. Explants cultured with growth hormone showed a small amount of cartilage differentiation. The regeneration area was largely made up of connective tissue cells and fibers and was characte ...
... hydrocortisone treatment were comparable to those in which hormones were omitted from the medium. Growth hormone. Explants cultured with growth hormone showed a small amount of cartilage differentiation. The regeneration area was largely made up of connective tissue cells and fibers and was characte ...
Golgi Regeneration after Brefeldin A Treatment in
... postmitotic reconstruction of the Golgi apparatus is dependent upon the reactivation of ER export activity. Although the GTPases Sar1 and Arf1 locate to the ER and the Golgi apparatus, respectively, the activities of both are essential for the maintenance of structure and function of the Golgi appar ...
... postmitotic reconstruction of the Golgi apparatus is dependent upon the reactivation of ER export activity. Although the GTPases Sar1 and Arf1 locate to the ER and the Golgi apparatus, respectively, the activities of both are essential for the maintenance of structure and function of the Golgi appar ...
Determination of Optimal Glucose Concentrations
... One of the principal tools in new biotechnology is the recombinant DNA technique which allows us to manipulate directly the genetic material of individual cells. By inserting forgein genetic information into fast-growing microorganisms, foreign gene products such as proteins may be produced at highe ...
... One of the principal tools in new biotechnology is the recombinant DNA technique which allows us to manipulate directly the genetic material of individual cells. By inserting forgein genetic information into fast-growing microorganisms, foreign gene products such as proteins may be produced at highe ...
Full-Text PDF
... and hypophosphorylated Rb); (4) senescence-associated heterochromatic foci; and (5) enlarged or flat cell morphology [29]. In addition, senescent cells secrete a number of extracellular factors, including transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), insulin-like growth factor 1 binding protein (IGFBP), a ...
... and hypophosphorylated Rb); (4) senescence-associated heterochromatic foci; and (5) enlarged or flat cell morphology [29]. In addition, senescent cells secrete a number of extracellular factors, including transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), insulin-like growth factor 1 binding protein (IGFBP), a ...
Inside A Cell
... • Fast Facts are designed to give your students a quick overview of the information presented within the video. • Before Viewing Activities help identify what students already know about the subject, what they are curious about, and what they hope to learn. • During Viewing Activities may be used du ...
... • Fast Facts are designed to give your students a quick overview of the information presented within the video. • Before Viewing Activities help identify what students already know about the subject, what they are curious about, and what they hope to learn. • During Viewing Activities may be used du ...
Microtubule-associated protein 1b is required for shaping the neural
... embryos) (Fig. 3D), indicating sensitivity to perturbations of the MT network that either destabilize or hyperstabilize MTs. In order to investigate whether MTs play a role in polarized cell migration, time-lapse confocal imaging was carried out at the neural plate (tb-1 som) stage using control and ...
... embryos) (Fig. 3D), indicating sensitivity to perturbations of the MT network that either destabilize or hyperstabilize MTs. In order to investigate whether MTs play a role in polarized cell migration, time-lapse confocal imaging was carried out at the neural plate (tb-1 som) stage using control and ...
Control of pathfinding by the avian trunk neural crest
... tube and somite opposite the posterior half of a somite. What happens to these cells? In a recent series of elegant grafting experiments, Teillet & coworkers (1987) have shown that these crest cells migrate either anteriorly or posteriorly along the neural tube until they arrive at the anterior side ...
... tube and somite opposite the posterior half of a somite. What happens to these cells? In a recent series of elegant grafting experiments, Teillet & coworkers (1987) have shown that these crest cells migrate either anteriorly or posteriorly along the neural tube until they arrive at the anterior side ...
Lateral relocation of auxin efflux regulator PIN3 mediates tropism in
... Long-standing models propose that plant growth responses to light or gravity are mediated by asymmetric distribution of the phytohormone auxin1 – 3. Physiological studies implicated a specific transport system that relocates auxin laterally, thereby effecting differential growth4; however, neither t ...
... Long-standing models propose that plant growth responses to light or gravity are mediated by asymmetric distribution of the phytohormone auxin1 – 3. Physiological studies implicated a specific transport system that relocates auxin laterally, thereby effecting differential growth4; however, neither t ...
The functional basis of adaptive evolution in chemostats
... and Lenski, 2003). During each cycle, population size change dramatically (typically, by several orders of magnitude), and in addition to a decline in nutrients, the environment is altered in other ways including the pH, oxygenation, and presence of waste products. As a consequence, this experimenta ...
... and Lenski, 2003). During each cycle, population size change dramatically (typically, by several orders of magnitude), and in addition to a decline in nutrients, the environment is altered in other ways including the pH, oxygenation, and presence of waste products. As a consequence, this experimenta ...
Cell culture
Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions, generally outside of their natural environment. In practice, the term ""cell culture"" now refers to the culturing of cells derived from multicellular eukaryotes, especially animal cells, in contrast with other types of culture that also grow cells, such as plant tissue culture, fungal culture, and microbiological culture (of microbes). The historical development and methods of cell culture are closely interrelated to those of tissue culture and organ culture. Viral culture is also related, with cells as hosts for the viruses. The laboratory technique of maintaining live cell lines (a population of cells descended from a single cell and containing the same genetic makeup) separated from their original tissue source became more robust in the middle 20th century.