Molecular differences between the rostral and caudal halves of the
... density (OD) at 560 nm. A standard curve was constructed from known amounts of BSA. Supernatants were stored frozen at —20°C for not longer than one week prior to use. For gels of neural crest cells, neural tubes were cultured on tissue culture plastic as described previously (Stern et al. 1986). Af ...
... density (OD) at 560 nm. A standard curve was constructed from known amounts of BSA. Supernatants were stored frozen at —20°C for not longer than one week prior to use. For gels of neural crest cells, neural tubes were cultured on tissue culture plastic as described previously (Stern et al. 1986). Af ...
Plant Soil
... have shown that adding purified Nod factor to root hairs leads to membrane depolarization within minutes after application, and Ehrhardt et al. (1996) have demonstrated that exogenous Nod factor leads to rapid spiking of the root hair calcium levels in treated root hairs. These studies suggest that ...
... have shown that adding purified Nod factor to root hairs leads to membrane depolarization within minutes after application, and Ehrhardt et al. (1996) have demonstrated that exogenous Nod factor leads to rapid spiking of the root hair calcium levels in treated root hairs. These studies suggest that ...
Full Text - The Journal of Immunology
... S. J. Hultgren, manuscript in progress). Before all experiments, the expression of type 1 pili was confirmed by mannose-inhibitable yeast agglutination. ...
... S. J. Hultgren, manuscript in progress). Before all experiments, the expression of type 1 pili was confirmed by mannose-inhibitable yeast agglutination. ...
Oxidative Stress Contributes to Autophagy
... the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is known to trigger autophagy in yeast (Bernales et al., 2006; Yorimitsu et al., 2006) and mammals (Ogata et al., 2006). More recently, induction of autophagy by ER stress has also been reported in land plants and algae (Pérez-Pérez et al., 2010; Liu et al., 2012), ind ...
... the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is known to trigger autophagy in yeast (Bernales et al., 2006; Yorimitsu et al., 2006) and mammals (Ogata et al., 2006). More recently, induction of autophagy by ER stress has also been reported in land plants and algae (Pérez-Pérez et al., 2010; Liu et al., 2012), ind ...
Plasticity in Cell Division Patterns and Auxin
... GRP-positive structures at day 2 of culture was highly correlated with the number of embryos formed (Supplemental Figure 1I). GRP expression is therefore a suitable marker for following the establishment of embryo cell fate in microspore cultures. We examined GRP expression in combination with 49,6- ...
... GRP-positive structures at day 2 of culture was highly correlated with the number of embryos formed (Supplemental Figure 1I). GRP expression is therefore a suitable marker for following the establishment of embryo cell fate in microspore cultures. We examined GRP expression in combination with 49,6- ...
Basophils and Autoreactive IgE in the Pathogenesis of
... Since Lyn is not expressed in T cells, our initial bias was that mast cells might be driving this unexpected Th2 skewing in Lyn-/- mice. To test this possibility, mast cell deficient mice (Kitw-sh/w-sh) were crossed to Lyn-/- mice. However, the resulting mice (Kitw-sh/w-sh Lyn-/-) showed no alterati ...
... Since Lyn is not expressed in T cells, our initial bias was that mast cells might be driving this unexpected Th2 skewing in Lyn-/- mice. To test this possibility, mast cell deficient mice (Kitw-sh/w-sh) were crossed to Lyn-/- mice. However, the resulting mice (Kitw-sh/w-sh Lyn-/-) showed no alterati ...
Lead detected
... The distribution of lead in root tips of Dianthus carthusianorum was compared in populations from a zinc-lead waste heap in Bolesław near Olkusz and from a natural stand in the Botanical Garden in Lublin. The analyses were made at two developmental stages: seedlings (after 8 days of incubation in 5 ...
... The distribution of lead in root tips of Dianthus carthusianorum was compared in populations from a zinc-lead waste heap in Bolesław near Olkusz and from a natural stand in the Botanical Garden in Lublin. The analyses were made at two developmental stages: seedlings (after 8 days of incubation in 5 ...
galls on Prionitis lanceolata (Rhodophyta)
... tissue, can induce similar growths on previously uninfected hosts. Unfortunately no bacteria have yet been isolated which are capable of inducing gall formation. The elimination of infectivity with size fractions below 0.45 pm discounts the possibility that virus-like particles are the causative age ...
... tissue, can induce similar growths on previously uninfected hosts. Unfortunately no bacteria have yet been isolated which are capable of inducing gall formation. The elimination of infectivity with size fractions below 0.45 pm discounts the possibility that virus-like particles are the causative age ...
Full-Text PDF
... Thin layer chromatography (TLC) is one of the techniques using to the identification and separation of sterols. Krzyczkowski et al. [13] have developed a new densitometric method for the quantitative determination of ergosterol peroxide in hexane extracts of various edible mushroom species. For ster ...
... Thin layer chromatography (TLC) is one of the techniques using to the identification and separation of sterols. Krzyczkowski et al. [13] have developed a new densitometric method for the quantitative determination of ergosterol peroxide in hexane extracts of various edible mushroom species. For ster ...
The sliding theory of cytoplasmic streaming: fifty years of progress
... However, the actin bundles remain attached to the inner surface of the chloroplast layers, and organelles or their aggregates continue streaming. The intracellular chemical composition is thoroughly controlled by subsequent perfusion. Although most organelles effuse out, some remain on the actin bun ...
... However, the actin bundles remain attached to the inner surface of the chloroplast layers, and organelles or their aggregates continue streaming. The intracellular chemical composition is thoroughly controlled by subsequent perfusion. Although most organelles effuse out, some remain on the actin bun ...
The sliding theory of cytoplasmic streaming: fifty years of
... However, the actin bundles remain attached to the inner surface of the chloroplast layers, and organelles or their aggregates continue streaming. The intracellular chemical composition is thoroughly controlled by subsequent perfusion. Although most organelles effuse out, some remain on the actin bun ...
... However, the actin bundles remain attached to the inner surface of the chloroplast layers, and organelles or their aggregates continue streaming. The intracellular chemical composition is thoroughly controlled by subsequent perfusion. Although most organelles effuse out, some remain on the actin bun ...
Golgi clusters and vesicles mediate mitotic inheritance
... cytoplasm, but this process does not go to completion. Since clusters are organized by the spindle, their numbers are fixed for a particular cell type and size, and they seed Golgi regrowth, we have argued that they are the partitioning units of the Golgi apparatus (Shima et al., 1997, 1998). An alt ...
... cytoplasm, but this process does not go to completion. Since clusters are organized by the spindle, their numbers are fixed for a particular cell type and size, and they seed Golgi regrowth, we have argued that they are the partitioning units of the Golgi apparatus (Shima et al., 1997, 1998). An alt ...
Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) microscopy
... timer production history by its ratio of green to red fluorescence; tissues that have recently initiated gene expression appear green, those with continuous expression appear yellow to orange, and those that have ceased expression appear entirely red. FRET also finds significant application in membr ...
... timer production history by its ratio of green to red fluorescence; tissues that have recently initiated gene expression appear green, those with continuous expression appear yellow to orange, and those that have ceased expression appear entirely red. FRET also finds significant application in membr ...
Dynamic Organization of DNA Replication in Mammalian Cell Nuclei
... cultured in this medium for 66 h . This arrests the cells in Go of the cell cycle . Go arrest was determined by observing the number of cells in mitosis at different time points following the addition of serum-free F12 medium . The time point of 66 h was the first during which no mitotic cells were ...
... cultured in this medium for 66 h . This arrests the cells in Go of the cell cycle . Go arrest was determined by observing the number of cells in mitosis at different time points following the addition of serum-free F12 medium . The time point of 66 h was the first during which no mitotic cells were ...
The structure and function of the Golgi apparatus
... in plant cells (Andreeva et al., 1998), there is no evidence for any GA disassembly/reassembly at any stage of the plant cell cycle. An exception is the conversion of the GA to vesicular clusters during seed desiccation (Mollenhauer and Morré, 1978); the mechanism of this vesiculation is unknown. T ...
... in plant cells (Andreeva et al., 1998), there is no evidence for any GA disassembly/reassembly at any stage of the plant cell cycle. An exception is the conversion of the GA to vesicular clusters during seed desiccation (Mollenhauer and Morré, 1978); the mechanism of this vesiculation is unknown. T ...
Toxin in bullous impetigo and staphylococcal scalded
... ETA and pemphigus foliaceus antibodies were identical (Fig. 1a–d). Therefore, to determine if ETA specifically affects Dsg1, we examined skin from neonatal mice injected with ETA by immunofluorescence with antibodies against Dsg1 and Dsg3. To avoid secondary effects from blister formation in ETA-inj ...
... ETA and pemphigus foliaceus antibodies were identical (Fig. 1a–d). Therefore, to determine if ETA specifically affects Dsg1, we examined skin from neonatal mice injected with ETA by immunofluorescence with antibodies against Dsg1 and Dsg3. To avoid secondary effects from blister formation in ETA-inj ...
Role for Rab7 in maturation of late autophagic vacuoles
... HeLa cells and mouse embryonic fibroblasts were cultured in DMEM 10% fetal calf serum and penicillin-streptomycin at 5% CO2. To induce autophagy the cells were incubated in serum and amino acid free medium (EBSS, Invitrogen, Karlsruhe, Germany) for 1-4 hours. Antibodies and constructs Rabbits were i ...
... HeLa cells and mouse embryonic fibroblasts were cultured in DMEM 10% fetal calf serum and penicillin-streptomycin at 5% CO2. To induce autophagy the cells were incubated in serum and amino acid free medium (EBSS, Invitrogen, Karlsruhe, Germany) for 1-4 hours. Antibodies and constructs Rabbits were i ...
Protists - Needham.K12.ma.us
... Cilia: Hair like projections from a cell that move with a wavelike motion. Just like pseudopods, ciliates use cilia to move and obtain food. Ciliates have complex cells. Many have more than one contractile vacuole and some (like paramecium), have 2 nuclei. ...
... Cilia: Hair like projections from a cell that move with a wavelike motion. Just like pseudopods, ciliates use cilia to move and obtain food. Ciliates have complex cells. Many have more than one contractile vacuole and some (like paramecium), have 2 nuclei. ...
Expression and immunogenicity of the entire human T cell
... HTLV-I-positive mothers and screening of blood products are the only methods currently available to prevent transmission of this retrovirus. In developing countries these methods of prevention are ineffective and impractical; thus there is a need for additional interventional strategies such as vacc ...
... HTLV-I-positive mothers and screening of blood products are the only methods currently available to prevent transmission of this retrovirus. In developing countries these methods of prevention are ineffective and impractical; thus there is a need for additional interventional strategies such as vacc ...
Exclusion of Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate Carboxylase/oxygenase
... vacuole and that Rubisco is then degraded by vacuolar proteases during dark-induced senescence in wheat. Recently, Minamikawa et al. (2001) have reported a similar phenomenon in French bean leaves that were detached and placed in darkness. On the other hand, many previous reports have shown that the ...
... vacuole and that Rubisco is then degraded by vacuolar proteases during dark-induced senescence in wheat. Recently, Minamikawa et al. (2001) have reported a similar phenomenon in French bean leaves that were detached and placed in darkness. On the other hand, many previous reports have shown that the ...
Cells, Tissues, Organs, and Systems [CATCH FIGURE PUO10A
... Imagine that you are a scientist in the early days of civilization. You observe your surroundings, such as those in Figure 10.1, and you start to wonder about how all the objects in the world around you are similar and how they are different. For instance, you wonder how these objects are different ...
... Imagine that you are a scientist in the early days of civilization. You observe your surroundings, such as those in Figure 10.1, and you start to wonder about how all the objects in the world around you are similar and how they are different. For instance, you wonder how these objects are different ...
Copyright Information of the Article Published Online TITLE Dynamic
... Oral mucosa comprises stratified squamous epithelium, and its underlying connective tissue harbours various mesenchymal cells such as fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and pericytes[1,2]. These cells and their extracellular matrix (ECM) play pivotal roles in cell differentiation and proliferation duri ...
... Oral mucosa comprises stratified squamous epithelium, and its underlying connective tissue harbours various mesenchymal cells such as fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and pericytes[1,2]. These cells and their extracellular matrix (ECM) play pivotal roles in cell differentiation and proliferation duri ...
The ventral and posterior expression of the zebrafish homeobox
... respectively. All these features reinforce the concept of unitary mechanisms in the early embryology of vertebrates and suggest that zebrafish can be used as a model for the studies concerning vertebrate gastrulation. However, it remains clear that most of our knowledge about vertebrate developmenta ...
... respectively. All these features reinforce the concept of unitary mechanisms in the early embryology of vertebrates and suggest that zebrafish can be used as a model for the studies concerning vertebrate gastrulation. However, it remains clear that most of our knowledge about vertebrate developmenta ...
Cell culture
Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions, generally outside of their natural environment. In practice, the term ""cell culture"" now refers to the culturing of cells derived from multicellular eukaryotes, especially animal cells, in contrast with other types of culture that also grow cells, such as plant tissue culture, fungal culture, and microbiological culture (of microbes). The historical development and methods of cell culture are closely interrelated to those of tissue culture and organ culture. Viral culture is also related, with cells as hosts for the viruses. The laboratory technique of maintaining live cell lines (a population of cells descended from a single cell and containing the same genetic makeup) separated from their original tissue source became more robust in the middle 20th century.