Curriculum Guide Template DRAFT
... • Calculate total magnification as well as steps in proper microscope usage. • Describe the hierarchy of cell organization: cells→tissues→organs→organ systems. • Describe the structure of cells as it relates to their specific functions. • Distinguish between a variety of cells with particular emphas ...
... • Calculate total magnification as well as steps in proper microscope usage. • Describe the hierarchy of cell organization: cells→tissues→organs→organ systems. • Describe the structure of cells as it relates to their specific functions. • Distinguish between a variety of cells with particular emphas ...
Mini Review An Overview on Bacterial Motility Detection
... material but are not of medical importance, because they do not cause human disease. Axial flaments, which are found only in the spirochetes, consist of protein fibrils wound spirally around the organism and attached at the two poles of the cell. They are located just beneath the membrane, where the ...
... material but are not of medical importance, because they do not cause human disease. Axial flaments, which are found only in the spirochetes, consist of protein fibrils wound spirally around the organism and attached at the two poles of the cell. They are located just beneath the membrane, where the ...
Formation of Persisting Cell Wall Deficient Forms of Mycobacterium
... for 20 min. at 1500 rpm, washed in 0.1 M cacodylate buffer supplemented with 0.1% (w/v) MgSO4 and 4.5% (w/v) sucrose, pH 7.2, and fixed in 2.5% (v/v) glutaraldehyde in the same buffer for 2 h at 4°C. After washing with the same buffer, the macrophages were post-fixed in 1 % (w/v) OsO4 in 0.1 M symm- ...
... for 20 min. at 1500 rpm, washed in 0.1 M cacodylate buffer supplemented with 0.1% (w/v) MgSO4 and 4.5% (w/v) sucrose, pH 7.2, and fixed in 2.5% (v/v) glutaraldehyde in the same buffer for 2 h at 4°C. After washing with the same buffer, the macrophages were post-fixed in 1 % (w/v) OsO4 in 0.1 M symm- ...
Dubrulle and Pourquie, 2004 - Development
... Each cell contributing to the paraxial mesoderm undergoes a series of stereotypical events, from its specification in the caudal part of the embryo to its incorporation into a somite (Fig. 1A). The first step in paraxial mesoderm formation is a change in the cellular adhesion properties. Cells conta ...
... Each cell contributing to the paraxial mesoderm undergoes a series of stereotypical events, from its specification in the caudal part of the embryo to its incorporation into a somite (Fig. 1A). The first step in paraxial mesoderm formation is a change in the cellular adhesion properties. Cells conta ...
Characterization of rat epimorphin/syntaxin 2 expression suggests a
... The molecular basis of gut morphogenesis and cryptvillus axis formation has been the subject of intensive investigation (41). In the intestine and in other epithelial tissues such as skin and lung, direct cell-cell contact between mesenchyme and endoderm is required for epithelial morphogenesis and ...
... The molecular basis of gut morphogenesis and cryptvillus axis formation has been the subject of intensive investigation (41). In the intestine and in other epithelial tissues such as skin and lung, direct cell-cell contact between mesenchyme and endoderm is required for epithelial morphogenesis and ...
RFX2 is broadly required for ciliogenesis during
... genes, we also examined the expression patterns of Rfx1, Rfx3, Rfx4, and Rfx5 in Xenopus. In situ hybridization showed that all Rfx genes were expressed in the neural tube (Supp. Figs. 2B, E, I, L), suggesting potentially redundant roles for these genes in the control of the neural tube ciliogenesis ...
... genes, we also examined the expression patterns of Rfx1, Rfx3, Rfx4, and Rfx5 in Xenopus. In situ hybridization showed that all Rfx genes were expressed in the neural tube (Supp. Figs. 2B, E, I, L), suggesting potentially redundant roles for these genes in the control of the neural tube ciliogenesis ...
Dissection of Cell Division Processes in the One Cell Stage
... stage C. elegans embryo resembles that of most other complex eukaryotic cells. The cell cycle is mitotic, not meiotic, and cytokinesis is conventional, unlike, for instance, that seen in the syncytial Drosophila embryo. Thus, homologues of genes required for cell division processes in the one cell s ...
... stage C. elegans embryo resembles that of most other complex eukaryotic cells. The cell cycle is mitotic, not meiotic, and cytokinesis is conventional, unlike, for instance, that seen in the syncytial Drosophila embryo. Thus, homologues of genes required for cell division processes in the one cell s ...
Structural and chemical differences in the cell wall regions in
... 100 ◦ C for 20 min with slow stirring. The homogenate was cooled in an ice-water bath for 30 min. The cooled residue was filtered under vacuum through glass fiber filters (APFF, 0.7 µm, Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA). Based on the initial sample weight the residue was sequentially washed with six vo ...
... 100 ◦ C for 20 min with slow stirring. The homogenate was cooled in an ice-water bath for 30 min. The cooled residue was filtered under vacuum through glass fiber filters (APFF, 0.7 µm, Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA). Based on the initial sample weight the residue was sequentially washed with six vo ...
Electron Microscopy of Intermediate Filaments: Teaming up with
... pre-embedding gold-labeling immunelectron microscopy methods and no detailed structural data at a meaningful resolution are available for somatic cells (Cohen et al., 2002). Although IF-related proteins naturally populate the nucleus, the question arises why they are not as readily visible as those ...
... pre-embedding gold-labeling immunelectron microscopy methods and no detailed structural data at a meaningful resolution are available for somatic cells (Cohen et al., 2002). Although IF-related proteins naturally populate the nucleus, the question arises why they are not as readily visible as those ...
Therapeutic approaches to Lysosomal Storage Disorders
... required for membrane fusion. SNARE proteins are classified as vesicle SNAREs (vSNAREs), located on the vesicles membrane, and target SNAREs (t-SNAREs), located on the membranes of target compartments. SNAREs may vary in size and composition, but they all share a 60-70 amino acid cytosolic domain ( ...
... required for membrane fusion. SNARE proteins are classified as vesicle SNAREs (vSNAREs), located on the vesicles membrane, and target SNAREs (t-SNAREs), located on the membranes of target compartments. SNAREs may vary in size and composition, but they all share a 60-70 amino acid cytosolic domain ( ...
vascular tissue differentiation and pattern formation in plants
... evolved to have a variety of organizations (28). In a given cross section of primary stems and roots, the most prominent variation of anatomical structures among different species is the organization of vascular tissues. In the stems of woody plants, the vascular tissue, secondary xylem or wood, pro ...
... evolved to have a variety of organizations (28). In a given cross section of primary stems and roots, the most prominent variation of anatomical structures among different species is the organization of vascular tissues. In the stems of woody plants, the vascular tissue, secondary xylem or wood, pro ...
Retinoic Acid and the Development of the Endoderm
... including the endoderm, which is the subject of this review. A significant role for RA signaling in the development of endoderm might appear somewhat surprising because endoderm is a germ layer of all multi-layered embryos, whereas the RA signaling system has often been described as a signaling syst ...
... including the endoderm, which is the subject of this review. A significant role for RA signaling in the development of endoderm might appear somewhat surprising because endoderm is a germ layer of all multi-layered embryos, whereas the RA signaling system has often been described as a signaling syst ...
Vaccinia Protein F12 Has Structural Similarity to Kinesin
... in the cell periphery. The coincidence of F12-HA and kinesin-1 on IEV are consistent with F12 contributing to recruitment and retention of kinesin-1 allowing efficient transport. The requirement of F12 for IEV motility is consistent with the suggested role in kinesin-1 recruitment and/or function. T ...
... in the cell periphery. The coincidence of F12-HA and kinesin-1 on IEV are consistent with F12 contributing to recruitment and retention of kinesin-1 allowing efficient transport. The requirement of F12 for IEV motility is consistent with the suggested role in kinesin-1 recruitment and/or function. T ...
Insights into the Role of Specific Lipids in the
... and signal transduction (Simons and Ikonen, 1997; Brown and London, 1998; Keller and Simons, 1998; Simons and Toomre, 2000; Simons and Vaz, 2004; Hancock, 2006). Similar microdomains in the PM of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) cells, enriched in ergosterol, have also been reported (Bagnat et al., ...
... and signal transduction (Simons and Ikonen, 1997; Brown and London, 1998; Keller and Simons, 1998; Simons and Toomre, 2000; Simons and Vaz, 2004; Hancock, 2006). Similar microdomains in the PM of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) cells, enriched in ergosterol, have also been reported (Bagnat et al., ...
Direct Evidence of Active and Rapid Nuclear
... Next we examined whether the rapid nuclear digestion after vacuole rupture is TE-specific or if it occurs even in non-TE when the vacuole of non-TE is forced to rupture. Probenecid, which is known to inhibit organic anion transport (Cole et al., 1990; Oparka et al., 1991; Wright and Oparka, 1994), n ...
... Next we examined whether the rapid nuclear digestion after vacuole rupture is TE-specific or if it occurs even in non-TE when the vacuole of non-TE is forced to rupture. Probenecid, which is known to inhibit organic anion transport (Cole et al., 1990; Oparka et al., 1991; Wright and Oparka, 1994), n ...
Role of GATA factors in development, differentiation, and
... the translation of which is confined to EMS by maternally provided mRNA only to the posterior embryo. SKN-1 directly activates transcription of the genes encoding MED-1 and MED-2, two nearly identical and functionally redundant GATA-like transcription factors (Fig. 3A). The med-1 and med-2 genes are ...
... the translation of which is confined to EMS by maternally provided mRNA only to the posterior embryo. SKN-1 directly activates transcription of the genes encoding MED-1 and MED-2, two nearly identical and functionally redundant GATA-like transcription factors (Fig. 3A). The med-1 and med-2 genes are ...
Organ-Level Quorum Sensing Directs Regeneration in Hair Stem
... removed. Diffusible molecules that are captured by high-affinity, cell surface receptors (e.g., morphogens, growth factors, cytokines, and chemokines) tend to have relatively short decay lengths, typically on the order of no more than 100 mm (Teleman and Cohen, 2000; Müller et al., 2012; Sarris et ...
... removed. Diffusible molecules that are captured by high-affinity, cell surface receptors (e.g., morphogens, growth factors, cytokines, and chemokines) tend to have relatively short decay lengths, typically on the order of no more than 100 mm (Teleman and Cohen, 2000; Müller et al., 2012; Sarris et ...
eXtra Botany - Oxford Academic
... of some species of Chara, for example the corticate C. vulgaris var. longibracteata used by Boot et al. (2012) for comparison with the ecorticate C. corallina. The rhizoids of the characeans grow apically, as, for mechanical reasons, do all plant or algal organs growing through soil or sediments, o ...
... of some species of Chara, for example the corticate C. vulgaris var. longibracteata used by Boot et al. (2012) for comparison with the ecorticate C. corallina. The rhizoids of the characeans grow apically, as, for mechanical reasons, do all plant or algal organs growing through soil or sediments, o ...
The O-antigen mediates differential survival of
... 2007). Regardless of their phylogenetic relatedness, predators isolated from the same environment share feeding preferences (Wildschutte & Lawrence, 2007), so that unrelated predators dwelling in the same environment avoid consuming the same antigenic classes of prey. A model was presented whereby t ...
... 2007). Regardless of their phylogenetic relatedness, predators isolated from the same environment share feeding preferences (Wildschutte & Lawrence, 2007), so that unrelated predators dwelling in the same environment avoid consuming the same antigenic classes of prey. A model was presented whereby t ...
Echinoderm enteric nervous system
... separated from the muscle layer and from the visceral plexus by a basement membrane, with no apparent direct contact between the two plexi. In this respect, it follows the proposed separation by basement membranes found for other ectoneural–hyponeural nervous system divisions in echinoderms (Cobb, 1 ...
... separated from the muscle layer and from the visceral plexus by a basement membrane, with no apparent direct contact between the two plexi. In this respect, it follows the proposed separation by basement membranes found for other ectoneural–hyponeural nervous system divisions in echinoderms (Cobb, 1 ...
Dazl regulates mouse embryonic germ cell development
... In the mouse, germ cells can undergo differentiation to become either oocytes or spermatozoa in response to sex of their gonadal environment. The nature of the germ cell-intrinsic aspects of this signaling have not been well studied. The earliest known sex-specific difference in germ cells is the in ...
... In the mouse, germ cells can undergo differentiation to become either oocytes or spermatozoa in response to sex of their gonadal environment. The nature of the germ cell-intrinsic aspects of this signaling have not been well studied. The earliest known sex-specific difference in germ cells is the in ...
effects of disease-causing mutations associated with five
... mislocalized mutants predominantly co-localized with WT Best1 in intracellular compartments. Studies involving four ARB truncation mutants reveal that the first 174 amino acids are sufficient to mediate oligomerization with WT Best1 and that amino acids 472-585 are not necessary for proper trafficki ...
... mislocalized mutants predominantly co-localized with WT Best1 in intracellular compartments. Studies involving four ARB truncation mutants reveal that the first 174 amino acids are sufficient to mediate oligomerization with WT Best1 and that amino acids 472-585 are not necessary for proper trafficki ...
Full-Text PDF
... Staphylococcus aureus causes a wide range of diseases in humans, from local infections (e.g., dermatitis, folliculitis, and abscesses) to life-threatening systemic infections (e.g., endocarditis, pneumonia, atherosclerosis, and septicemia). As a rule, S. aureus (Sa) has been considered an extracellu ...
... Staphylococcus aureus causes a wide range of diseases in humans, from local infections (e.g., dermatitis, folliculitis, and abscesses) to life-threatening systemic infections (e.g., endocarditis, pneumonia, atherosclerosis, and septicemia). As a rule, S. aureus (Sa) has been considered an extracellu ...
To be or not to be alive: How recent discoveries challenge the
... status, have been the focus of heated debates among biologists for decades (Helvoort, 1994, see Kostyrka, 2016, and Méthot, 2016). Recently, these debates have become more acute following three startling discoveries. First, it has been demonstrated that viral particles outnumber cells by one or two ...
... status, have been the focus of heated debates among biologists for decades (Helvoort, 1994, see Kostyrka, 2016, and Méthot, 2016). Recently, these debates have become more acute following three startling discoveries. First, it has been demonstrated that viral particles outnumber cells by one or two ...
Cell culture
Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions, generally outside of their natural environment. In practice, the term ""cell culture"" now refers to the culturing of cells derived from multicellular eukaryotes, especially animal cells, in contrast with other types of culture that also grow cells, such as plant tissue culture, fungal culture, and microbiological culture (of microbes). The historical development and methods of cell culture are closely interrelated to those of tissue culture and organ culture. Viral culture is also related, with cells as hosts for the viruses. The laboratory technique of maintaining live cell lines (a population of cells descended from a single cell and containing the same genetic makeup) separated from their original tissue source became more robust in the middle 20th century.