![Good news in the nuclear envelope: loss of lamin A might be a gain](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/016157291_1-7ab5ef38eab2efe4f8d7ceb1cad40686-300x300.png)
Good news in the nuclear envelope: loss of lamin A might be a gain
... Genetic diseases often reveal the physiological roles of the affected proteins. The identification of mutations in the nuclear envelope proteins lamin A and lamin C as the cause of a diverse group of human diseases has expanded our understanding of the lamin proteins from being merely structural ele ...
... Genetic diseases often reveal the physiological roles of the affected proteins. The identification of mutations in the nuclear envelope proteins lamin A and lamin C as the cause of a diverse group of human diseases has expanded our understanding of the lamin proteins from being merely structural ele ...
Gap Junctional Communication in the Extraembryonic Tissues of the
... Figure 4. Dye coupling in other regions of the EPC. A, Restriction in dye coupling in the upper peripheral region of the EPC (EPC-U). An impalement into the upper peripheral region of the EPC (a) revealed a pattern of limited Lucifer yellow spread, with dye filling only a cluster of cells in the up ...
... Figure 4. Dye coupling in other regions of the EPC. A, Restriction in dye coupling in the upper peripheral region of the EPC (EPC-U). An impalement into the upper peripheral region of the EPC (a) revealed a pattern of limited Lucifer yellow spread, with dye filling only a cluster of cells in the up ...
Title Determination of Cathepsins D and E in Various Tissues and
... with hemoglobin as substrate (Anson and Mirsky, 1932) because of their similar hydrolytic activities against hemoglobin. Quantitative determination of their levels in tissue or cell homogenates by the hemoglobin-digestion method was carried out after removing the counter cathepsin by * To whom corre ...
... with hemoglobin as substrate (Anson and Mirsky, 1932) because of their similar hydrolytic activities against hemoglobin. Quantitative determination of their levels in tissue or cell homogenates by the hemoglobin-digestion method was carried out after removing the counter cathepsin by * To whom corre ...
Exploiting the chick embryonic environment to reprogram
... gland; and others non-neural, such as the meninges and tail. Cells injected at E6 do not show such targeting, integrating into various tissues such as the liver, kidney and meninges. The cells respond to their respective microenvironments, and in sympathetic ganglia some cells differentiate, show re ...
... gland; and others non-neural, such as the meninges and tail. Cells injected at E6 do not show such targeting, integrating into various tissues such as the liver, kidney and meninges. The cells respond to their respective microenvironments, and in sympathetic ganglia some cells differentiate, show re ...
ZAMZAMI N, KROEMER G, 2001. The mitochondrion in apoptosis
... located in the OMM). The VDAC is normally permeable to solutes of up to 5 kDa, thereby allowing the free exchange of respiratory-chain substrates such as NADH, FADH and ATP/ADP between the mitochondrial intermembrane space and the cytosol. In contrast, the IMM is almost impermeable — a feature that ...
... located in the OMM). The VDAC is normally permeable to solutes of up to 5 kDa, thereby allowing the free exchange of respiratory-chain substrates such as NADH, FADH and ATP/ADP between the mitochondrial intermembrane space and the cytosol. In contrast, the IMM is almost impermeable — a feature that ...
Classes of programmed cell death in plants
... been suggested that acidification of the cytoplasm after tonoplast rupture cause the ricinosomes to break open, releasing the proteases, which become activated and help degrade the cytoplasm (Senatore et al., 2009). ‘Autolytic’ PCD in barley seed aleurone cells was associated with the induction of a ...
... been suggested that acidification of the cytoplasm after tonoplast rupture cause the ricinosomes to break open, releasing the proteases, which become activated and help degrade the cytoplasm (Senatore et al., 2009). ‘Autolytic’ PCD in barley seed aleurone cells was associated with the induction of a ...
Molecular cytogenetic studies and technology development
... The aim of this dissertation was to produce Araceae (aroid) asymmetric somatic intergeneric (between two different genera) hybrids and to use molecular cytogenetic tools to select fusion products. Aroids are monocots that are mostly known for their ornamental values as cut flowers, pot and landscape ...
... The aim of this dissertation was to produce Araceae (aroid) asymmetric somatic intergeneric (between two different genera) hybrids and to use molecular cytogenetic tools to select fusion products. Aroids are monocots that are mostly known for their ornamental values as cut flowers, pot and landscape ...
Fighting Viral Infections and Virus
... CD4+ T cells have been and are still largely regarded as the orchestrators of immune responses, being able to differentiate into distinct T helper cell populations based on differentiation signals, transcription factor expression, cytokine secretion, and specific functions. Nonetheless, a growing bo ...
... CD4+ T cells have been and are still largely regarded as the orchestrators of immune responses, being able to differentiate into distinct T helper cell populations based on differentiation signals, transcription factor expression, cytokine secretion, and specific functions. Nonetheless, a growing bo ...
Effects of Sulphur Dioxide on Biochemical Activity and
... thought desirable to prepare an HCI control in order to separate direct SO2 effects from indirect ones such as increased acidity. The HCI control incubation medium containing a tris-buffer solution, adjusted to pH 3.95 with HCI, resulted in no detectable damage to the ultrastructure of the chloropla ...
... thought desirable to prepare an HCI control in order to separate direct SO2 effects from indirect ones such as increased acidity. The HCI control incubation medium containing a tris-buffer solution, adjusted to pH 3.95 with HCI, resulted in no detectable damage to the ultrastructure of the chloropla ...
Smad5 determines murine amnion fate through the
... under the histogram represent the number of embryos in each group. A numerator indicates the embryos with an allantoic bud. Zero values are not included in the mean. (A) Allantois length (m). (B) Allantois width (m) was measured at the base of the allantois (right-left axis). (C) The ratio of the ...
... under the histogram represent the number of embryos in each group. A numerator indicates the embryos with an allantoic bud. Zero values are not included in the mean. (A) Allantois length (m). (B) Allantois width (m) was measured at the base of the allantois (right-left axis). (C) The ratio of the ...
Roles of ATR1 paralogs YMR279c and YOR378w in boron
... Wild type and ymr279cD cells were grown to logarithmic phase and then splitted into two cultures. One group was treated with 50 mM boric acid whereas the other group remained untreated. After 1 h of incubation at 30 °C, cells were harvested and washed with distilled water three times. Cell pellets w ...
... Wild type and ymr279cD cells were grown to logarithmic phase and then splitted into two cultures. One group was treated with 50 mM boric acid whereas the other group remained untreated. After 1 h of incubation at 30 °C, cells were harvested and washed with distilled water three times. Cell pellets w ...
Survival strategies of two small marine ciliates and their role in
... Grazing experiments were carried out in a final volume of 20ml batch cultures in autoclaved filtered seawater contained in 40ml volume particle-free sterile vessels. Three replicate vessels were prepared for each of the 31 sampling intervals for both Uronema and Euplotes grazing experiments; the sam ...
... Grazing experiments were carried out in a final volume of 20ml batch cultures in autoclaved filtered seawater contained in 40ml volume particle-free sterile vessels. Three replicate vessels were prepared for each of the 31 sampling intervals for both Uronema and Euplotes grazing experiments; the sam ...
Isolation, engineering, and characterization of intracellular
... However, high expression levels of previously reported intrabodies have been required to obtain even limited reductions in htt aggregation. We have used yeast surface display (YSD) of antibodies combined with fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) to isolate novel single-chain antibody (scFv) cl ...
... However, high expression levels of previously reported intrabodies have been required to obtain even limited reductions in htt aggregation. We have used yeast surface display (YSD) of antibodies combined with fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) to isolate novel single-chain antibody (scFv) cl ...
Avian erythrocytes have functional mitochondria, opening
... Background: In contrast to mammalian erythrocytes, which have lost their nucleus and mitochondria during maturation, the erythrocytes of almost all other vertebrate species are nucleated throughout their lifespan. Little research has been done however to test for the presence and functionality of mi ...
... Background: In contrast to mammalian erythrocytes, which have lost their nucleus and mitochondria during maturation, the erythrocytes of almost all other vertebrate species are nucleated throughout their lifespan. Little research has been done however to test for the presence and functionality of mi ...
m o lo
... for lytic activity. The hypothesis that the plaque developments on Microcystis lawns were due to bacteria and not to cyanophage activity was tested with the chloroform test. The water samples that were treated with chloroform were negative for the presence of plaques. The samples that were positive ...
... for lytic activity. The hypothesis that the plaque developments on Microcystis lawns were due to bacteria and not to cyanophage activity was tested with the chloroform test. The water samples that were treated with chloroform were negative for the presence of plaques. The samples that were positive ...
The hypoblast (visceral endoderm): an evo
... G1 or G2 phases and consist only of mitotic (M) and DNA synthetic (S) phases, and they rely upon maternal mRNAs and proteins until zygotic gene expression is activated, usually at around the 11th cell division (2024 cells). Rapid development and absence of growth imply that the embryonic axes or bod ...
... G1 or G2 phases and consist only of mitotic (M) and DNA synthetic (S) phases, and they rely upon maternal mRNAs and proteins until zygotic gene expression is activated, usually at around the 11th cell division (2024 cells). Rapid development and absence of growth imply that the embryonic axes or bod ...
New insights into root gravitropic signalling
... into a moving physiological signal. It has been proposed that an interaction between the sedimenting amyloplasts and proteins belonging to the endoplasmic reticulum or the plasma membrane may be involved in the graviperception. This hypothesis is based on observations in rhizoids of the green algae ...
... into a moving physiological signal. It has been proposed that an interaction between the sedimenting amyloplasts and proteins belonging to the endoplasmic reticulum or the plasma membrane may be involved in the graviperception. This hypothesis is based on observations in rhizoids of the green algae ...
p-Glycoprotein-Mediated Transport of a Fluorescent Rapamycin
... mechanisms were responsible for the two steps in NBDrapamycin secretion. Uptake of NBD-rapamycin through the basolateral plasma membrane was not affected by unlabeled rapamycin or by other inhibitors of membrane transport or cellular metabolism. Cellular uptake was a linear function of medium concen ...
... mechanisms were responsible for the two steps in NBDrapamycin secretion. Uptake of NBD-rapamycin through the basolateral plasma membrane was not affected by unlabeled rapamycin or by other inhibitors of membrane transport or cellular metabolism. Cellular uptake was a linear function of medium concen ...
A Role for the Cytoskeleton in Heart Looping
... The shaping of tissues during organ development requires cell migrations, cell shape changes, and bending of epithelial sheets to form tubular structures that, in turn, undergo subsequent morphogenetic movements until the final shape of the organ is achieved[30,31]. These described morphogenetic cha ...
... The shaping of tissues during organ development requires cell migrations, cell shape changes, and bending of epithelial sheets to form tubular structures that, in turn, undergo subsequent morphogenetic movements until the final shape of the organ is achieved[30,31]. These described morphogenetic cha ...
Chapter ONE - VU Research Portal
... phase mitogens are needed in order to continue to cycle. Once enough cyclin D-Cdk4/6 complexes are active, pRb is phosphorylated, thereby allowing the expression of E2F target genes. From here, growth signals are no longer needed, and cells commit themselves to the cell cycle. This decision point is ...
... phase mitogens are needed in order to continue to cycle. Once enough cyclin D-Cdk4/6 complexes are active, pRb is phosphorylated, thereby allowing the expression of E2F target genes. From here, growth signals are no longer needed, and cells commit themselves to the cell cycle. This decision point is ...
Flamingo controls the planar polarity of sensory
... apterous–Gal4 > UAS–fmi pupae (n = 26), the Numb crescent was also mispositioned and the mitotic spindle misoriented within the epithelial plane, but they remained aligned with each other (Figure 3g,h). Therefore, loss of function and overexpression of fmi both disrupted the cellular process that re ...
... apterous–Gal4 > UAS–fmi pupae (n = 26), the Numb crescent was also mispositioned and the mitotic spindle misoriented within the epithelial plane, but they remained aligned with each other (Figure 3g,h). Therefore, loss of function and overexpression of fmi both disrupted the cellular process that re ...
Midgut and muscle development in Drosophila melanogaster
... express genes in a directed fashion. This is achieved by overexpressing the gene of interest in a desired tissue or cell type and analyzing its effects at different developmental stages. This is done by generating transgenic flies expressing a yeast transcriptional activator (GAL4) under the control ...
... express genes in a directed fashion. This is achieved by overexpressing the gene of interest in a desired tissue or cell type and analyzing its effects at different developmental stages. This is done by generating transgenic flies expressing a yeast transcriptional activator (GAL4) under the control ...
The nitrogen-metabolism of nitrogen-fixing bacteria
... the wall and moving or growing through this. ...
... the wall and moving or growing through this. ...
REACTIVATION IN VITRO OF IMMUNOCOMPETENCE IN
... TzxT-F~G. 2. Schematic representation of experimental procedure used in transfilter studies. For description see text. tissues were fixed at the end of this time and examined histologically to characterize the cellular changes, as a further criterion for the graft versus host response. Preparation o ...
... TzxT-F~G. 2. Schematic representation of experimental procedure used in transfilter studies. For description see text. tissues were fixed at the end of this time and examined histologically to characterize the cellular changes, as a further criterion for the graft versus host response. Preparation o ...
Cell culture
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Cell_Culture_in_a_tiny_Petri_dish.jpg?width=300)
Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions, generally outside of their natural environment. In practice, the term ""cell culture"" now refers to the culturing of cells derived from multicellular eukaryotes, especially animal cells, in contrast with other types of culture that also grow cells, such as plant tissue culture, fungal culture, and microbiological culture (of microbes). The historical development and methods of cell culture are closely interrelated to those of tissue culture and organ culture. Viral culture is also related, with cells as hosts for the viruses. The laboratory technique of maintaining live cell lines (a population of cells descended from a single cell and containing the same genetic makeup) separated from their original tissue source became more robust in the middle 20th century.