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Arabidopsis Kinetochore Fiber-Associated MAP65-4
... organizing cortical MT bundles has been revealed by dynamic imaging and genetic studies (Ehrhardt, 2008; Wasteneys and Ambrose, 2009), our knowledge of the organization and functioning of MT bundles within the acentrosomal plant mitotic spindle is limited (Bratman and Chang, 2007). The cortical arra ...
... organizing cortical MT bundles has been revealed by dynamic imaging and genetic studies (Ehrhardt, 2008; Wasteneys and Ambrose, 2009), our knowledge of the organization and functioning of MT bundles within the acentrosomal plant mitotic spindle is limited (Bratman and Chang, 2007). The cortical arra ...
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... tube that lies dorsal to the notochord in all vertebrates. Over the last 25 years, multiple studies in amphibians, chick, mouse and zebrafish have established that SHH-GLI signalling is the key inducer of ventral identity in the embryonic CNS: graded levels of SHH induce the identity of motor neuron ...
... tube that lies dorsal to the notochord in all vertebrates. Over the last 25 years, multiple studies in amphibians, chick, mouse and zebrafish have established that SHH-GLI signalling is the key inducer of ventral identity in the embryonic CNS: graded levels of SHH induce the identity of motor neuron ...
Morphologic and functional characterization of granulocytes and
... the tail was transected near its tip. Embryos were then placed in egg water without anesthetic until analysis at different time points up to 2 days after trauma. To demonstrate phagocytic function, embryos were microinjected with india ink (Hunt Manufacturing, Statesville, NC) diluted approximately ...
... the tail was transected near its tip. Embryos were then placed in egg water without anesthetic until analysis at different time points up to 2 days after trauma. To demonstrate phagocytic function, embryos were microinjected with india ink (Hunt Manufacturing, Statesville, NC) diluted approximately ...
Light and Electron Microscopy of the Sheath of a Blue
... portions sloughed off, it stained with Alcian blue and was probably polysaccharide. The sheath formed salt-like complexes with proteins at appropriate low pH values which rendered it visible by phase-contrast microscopy. The composition of the culture medium influenced sheath formation. Electron mic ...
... portions sloughed off, it stained with Alcian blue and was probably polysaccharide. The sheath formed salt-like complexes with proteins at appropriate low pH values which rendered it visible by phase-contrast microscopy. The composition of the culture medium influenced sheath formation. Electron mic ...
Ouabain-Insensitive Na+-ATPase Activity in Trypanosoma cruzi
... tion was increased from 0.1 to 2 mM. The data are ex pressed as percentage of the control. All the experi ments were carried out in duplicate (n = 6 ). ...
... tion was increased from 0.1 to 2 mM. The data are ex pressed as percentage of the control. All the experi ments were carried out in duplicate (n = 6 ). ...
A Phosphorylation State-specific Antibody Recognizes Hsp27, a
... kinases. PKDs regulate a plethora of cellular responses, ranging from cell growth, cell survival, Golgi organization, and trafficking and immune cell responses in B cells (reviewed in Ref. 9). Similarly, the regulation of PKD catalytic activity by cellular location, binding to adapter proteins, and ...
... kinases. PKDs regulate a plethora of cellular responses, ranging from cell growth, cell survival, Golgi organization, and trafficking and immune cell responses in B cells (reviewed in Ref. 9). Similarly, the regulation of PKD catalytic activity by cellular location, binding to adapter proteins, and ...
Coagulation (the basics) and recombinant Factor VIIa Mechanism of
... Must be identified and eliminated to treat the coagulopathy(凝血病) successfully. The development of DIC in many of these disorders is associated with an unfavorable outcome1. Occurs in 1% of hospitalized patients Mortality rate approaches 40-80% ...
... Must be identified and eliminated to treat the coagulopathy(凝血病) successfully. The development of DIC in many of these disorders is associated with an unfavorable outcome1. Occurs in 1% of hospitalized patients Mortality rate approaches 40-80% ...
Space to grow: interplay between growth and patterning in plant
... short, this model is characterized by a local activation together with a long-range inhibition and can be likened to a Turing mechanism since it relies on the difference of diffusivity between two factors to generate patterns in the absence of pre-existing patterns. In the case of organ initiation, ...
... short, this model is characterized by a local activation together with a long-range inhibition and can be likened to a Turing mechanism since it relies on the difference of diffusivity between two factors to generate patterns in the absence of pre-existing patterns. In the case of organ initiation, ...
Dissecting stimulus-specific Ca2+ signals in amyloplasts and
... cultures were reconstituted overnight with 5 µM coelenterazine (Prolume Ltd., Pinetop, AZ, USA) on a shaker at 80 rpm, at 24°C in the dark. After extensive washing, a 50 µl cell aliquot was assayed using a luminometer (Electron Tubes Limited, Middlesex, UK) to monitor intracellular Ca2+ changes in ...
... cultures were reconstituted overnight with 5 µM coelenterazine (Prolume Ltd., Pinetop, AZ, USA) on a shaker at 80 rpm, at 24°C in the dark. After extensive washing, a 50 µl cell aliquot was assayed using a luminometer (Electron Tubes Limited, Middlesex, UK) to monitor intracellular Ca2+ changes in ...
Regulation of KNOLLE syntaxin - Journal of Cell Science
... a syntaxin and a SNAP25 protein or two t-SNARE light-chain proteins, interacts with the v-SNARE synaptobrevin on the vesicle membrane (Clague and Herrmann, 2000). There are numerous members of each SNARE protein family in yeast, animals and plants that have been implicated in diverse vesicle traffic ...
... a syntaxin and a SNAP25 protein or two t-SNARE light-chain proteins, interacts with the v-SNARE synaptobrevin on the vesicle membrane (Clague and Herrmann, 2000). There are numerous members of each SNARE protein family in yeast, animals and plants that have been implicated in diverse vesicle traffic ...
Construction of the yeast whole-cell Rhizopus oryzae lipase
... as the control were spread on the medium, respectively. The activities of the lipases were examined by the halo formed around the colony. 2.5 Preparation of ROL-displaying yeast For whole-cell catalyst preparation, the wild-type ROL and codon-optimized ROL-displaying yeasts were cultivated in YGCG m ...
... as the control were spread on the medium, respectively. The activities of the lipases were examined by the halo formed around the colony. 2.5 Preparation of ROL-displaying yeast For whole-cell catalyst preparation, the wild-type ROL and codon-optimized ROL-displaying yeasts were cultivated in YGCG m ...
Memory device that programs more than two states into memory cell
... of the present invention is de?ned by the appended claims. [0017] FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating one embodi ment of a memory device 100 according to the present invention. Memory device 100 includes a Write pulse gen erator 102, a distribution circuit 104, memory cells 106a, 106b, 1060, and ...
... of the present invention is de?ned by the appended claims. [0017] FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating one embodi ment of a memory device 100 according to the present invention. Memory device 100 includes a Write pulse gen erator 102, a distribution circuit 104, memory cells 106a, 106b, 1060, and ...
Leaf development - The Virtual Plant
... The vascular cambium is unlike the primary meristems of the plant (root and shoot apex) in that it produces new cells and tissues which add to the axial system (i.e. the conducting system) as well as to the radial system (i.e. the lateral transport pathway). The apical meristems of the shoot and roo ...
... The vascular cambium is unlike the primary meristems of the plant (root and shoot apex) in that it produces new cells and tissues which add to the axial system (i.e. the conducting system) as well as to the radial system (i.e. the lateral transport pathway). The apical meristems of the shoot and roo ...
Plant immune and growth receptors share common signalling
... Each compartment or domain provides specific biophysical and biochemical environments for its residents and thus directly influences associated signalling activities (Kusumi et al., 2012; Saka et al., 2014; Garcia-Parajo et al., 2014; Tapken and Murphy, 2015). With regard to PM signalling, specialis ...
... Each compartment or domain provides specific biophysical and biochemical environments for its residents and thus directly influences associated signalling activities (Kusumi et al., 2012; Saka et al., 2014; Garcia-Parajo et al., 2014; Tapken and Murphy, 2015). With regard to PM signalling, specialis ...
Eds., M. Kawaguchi, K. Misaki, H. Sato, T. Yokokawa, T.... and S. Tanabe, pp. 35–40.
... mitochondria (Zelko et al., 2002). Cells are normally protected against oxidative damage by multiple enzymatic mechanisms and by antioxidant molecules. The SODs are the first and most important line of antioxidant enzyme defense against oxidative stress, such as that caused by superoxide anion radic ...
... mitochondria (Zelko et al., 2002). Cells are normally protected against oxidative damage by multiple enzymatic mechanisms and by antioxidant molecules. The SODs are the first and most important line of antioxidant enzyme defense against oxidative stress, such as that caused by superoxide anion radic ...
Left-right axis determination - Izpisua Belmonte Lab
... The L–R axis is determined during embryonic development, after the two other primary body axes [anteroposterior (A-P) and dorsoventral (D-V)] have been established. In the last decade, pioneering studies showed that L–R axis determination is under genetic control.3 Subsequently, genetic cascades and ...
... The L–R axis is determined during embryonic development, after the two other primary body axes [anteroposterior (A-P) and dorsoventral (D-V)] have been established. In the last decade, pioneering studies showed that L–R axis determination is under genetic control.3 Subsequently, genetic cascades and ...
Phototrophic hydrogen production from glucose by pure and
... bacterial cell number was counted by the following procedure. A 10–20 l solution taken from the flask was mixed with an equal volume of 20 mg l−1 DAPI solution (Sigma Aldrich). After staining in dark for 10 min [16], the mixture was diluted to 10 ml with sterilized water (filtered through a 0.22 m M ...
... bacterial cell number was counted by the following procedure. A 10–20 l solution taken from the flask was mixed with an equal volume of 20 mg l−1 DAPI solution (Sigma Aldrich). After staining in dark for 10 min [16], the mixture was diluted to 10 ml with sterilized water (filtered through a 0.22 m M ...
Determinants in HIV-2 Env and tetherin required for
... [41]. In addition, mutant ROD10 EnvY707A contains a point mutation that disrupts an endocytosis motif in its cytoplasmic tail, and this is sufficient to prevent tetherin antagonism [35, 37]. We confirmed that both of these Env variants lacked the ability to counteract tetherin, since they could not ...
... [41]. In addition, mutant ROD10 EnvY707A contains a point mutation that disrupts an endocytosis motif in its cytoplasmic tail, and this is sufficient to prevent tetherin antagonism [35, 37]. We confirmed that both of these Env variants lacked the ability to counteract tetherin, since they could not ...
The Stem Cell Factor Receptor/c-Kit as a Drug Target in
... PI3-kinase is central for both proliferation and protection from apoptosis, underscoring the importance of these events for tumor formation and progression. The above discussion focuses on class I PI3-kinase (or classical PI3-kinase). However, c-Kit constitutively associates with PI3KC2β which belon ...
... PI3-kinase is central for both proliferation and protection from apoptosis, underscoring the importance of these events for tumor formation and progression. The above discussion focuses on class I PI3-kinase (or classical PI3-kinase). However, c-Kit constitutively associates with PI3KC2β which belon ...
ppt
... Problem: Underlying DRAM circuit organization is not known to the memory controller very hard to construct a pattern that exercises the worst-case cell leakage Opaque mapping of addresses to physical DRAM geometry Internal remapping of addresses within DRAM to tolerate faults Second order co ...
... Problem: Underlying DRAM circuit organization is not known to the memory controller very hard to construct a pattern that exercises the worst-case cell leakage Opaque mapping of addresses to physical DRAM geometry Internal remapping of addresses within DRAM to tolerate faults Second order co ...
Temporal Firing Patterns of Purkinje Cells in the Cerebellar Ventral
... method using a generalized linear model of firing probability based on a binomial distribution of the spike count was developed for analysis of the ultra-low CS firing rate. The results of the present study showed that the spatial coordinates of CS were aligned with those of SS and the speed-tuning ...
... method using a generalized linear model of firing probability based on a binomial distribution of the spike count was developed for analysis of the ultra-low CS firing rate. The results of the present study showed that the spatial coordinates of CS were aligned with those of SS and the speed-tuning ...
Guard cell photosynthesis and stomatal function
... water transpired as well as CO2 absorbed passes through these pores. For this reason, stomatal function has significant implications for global hydrological and carbon cycles. The quest to understand stomatal control of photosynthetic CO2 fixation and plant water relations is becoming increasingly i ...
... water transpired as well as CO2 absorbed passes through these pores. For this reason, stomatal function has significant implications for global hydrological and carbon cycles. The quest to understand stomatal control of photosynthetic CO2 fixation and plant water relations is becoming increasingly i ...
CHAPTER 5 THE MULTIPLIER 5.1 INTRODUCTION
... – and by shifting the result in the basis of the multiplier bit’s position. Similar to the familiar long hand decimal multiplication, binary multiplication involves the addition of shifted versions of the multiplicand based on the value and position of each of the multiplier bits. As a matter of fac ...
... – and by shifting the result in the basis of the multiplier bit’s position. Similar to the familiar long hand decimal multiplication, binary multiplication involves the addition of shifted versions of the multiplicand based on the value and position of each of the multiplier bits. As a matter of fac ...
AP Biology
... Describe how microscopes are utilized to study cells Differentiate between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells Explain the role of membranes in eukaryotic cells Describe the role and structure of a cell nucleus Explain the role of ribosomes Describe the components of the endomembrane system, including ...
... Describe how microscopes are utilized to study cells Differentiate between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells Explain the role of membranes in eukaryotic cells Describe the role and structure of a cell nucleus Explain the role of ribosomes Describe the components of the endomembrane system, including ...
Print
... doi:10.1152/physrev.00014.2004.—Endothelial cells of the blood and lymphatic vasculature are polarized cells with luminal surfaces specialized to interact with inflammatory cells upon the appropriate stimulation; they contain specialized transcellular transport systems, and their basal surfaces are ...
... doi:10.1152/physrev.00014.2004.—Endothelial cells of the blood and lymphatic vasculature are polarized cells with luminal surfaces specialized to interact with inflammatory cells upon the appropriate stimulation; they contain specialized transcellular transport systems, and their basal surfaces are ...
Cell culture
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Cell_Culture_in_a_tiny_Petri_dish.jpg?width=300)
Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions, generally outside of their natural environment. In practice, the term ""cell culture"" now refers to the culturing of cells derived from multicellular eukaryotes, especially animal cells, in contrast with other types of culture that also grow cells, such as plant tissue culture, fungal culture, and microbiological culture (of microbes). The historical development and methods of cell culture are closely interrelated to those of tissue culture and organ culture. Viral culture is also related, with cells as hosts for the viruses. The laboratory technique of maintaining live cell lines (a population of cells descended from a single cell and containing the same genetic makeup) separated from their original tissue source became more robust in the middle 20th century.