![Arabinogalactan proteins are involved in root hair development in](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/015386819_1-e650e1dabd1e2a52b2aa406473da92b2-300x300.png)
Arabinogalactan proteins are involved in root hair development in
... and Roberts, 2007). The form of post-translational modification of the AGPs may influence their function more strongly than does their peptide sequence (Nguema-Ona et al., 2012). An important tool for AGP investigation is a Yariv reagent. The reactive form, containing β-D-glucosyl residues (βGlcY), ...
... and Roberts, 2007). The form of post-translational modification of the AGPs may influence their function more strongly than does their peptide sequence (Nguema-Ona et al., 2012). An important tool for AGP investigation is a Yariv reagent. The reactive form, containing β-D-glucosyl residues (βGlcY), ...
Salivary gland development in Drosophila
... Among the central questions in developmental biology are ``how do cells become specialized?'' and ``how do cells coordinate their activities to make functional tissues and organs?'' The adult human is made up of at least 360 different cell types and that number is increasing with the discovery of ad ...
... Among the central questions in developmental biology are ``how do cells become specialized?'' and ``how do cells coordinate their activities to make functional tissues and organs?'' The adult human is made up of at least 360 different cell types and that number is increasing with the discovery of ad ...
The 14-3-3 gene par-5 is required for germline development and
... ß 2012. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd doi: 10.1242/jcs.094896 ...
... ß 2012. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd doi: 10.1242/jcs.094896 ...
Golgi-targeting sequence of p230 - Journal of Cell Science
... The location of p230 specifically to TGN membranes indicates the presence of a specific targeting sequence (Gleeson, 1998). In order to define the mechanism of action of p230, we have identified the sequence of p230 responsible for targeting to Golgi membranes. The studies reported here have identif ...
... The location of p230 specifically to TGN membranes indicates the presence of a specific targeting sequence (Gleeson, 1998). In order to define the mechanism of action of p230, we have identified the sequence of p230 responsible for targeting to Golgi membranes. The studies reported here have identif ...
Localization of Laminin B1 mRNA in Retinal Ganglion Cells by In
... 1987). Laminin stimulates neurite extension by retinal ex- ...
... 1987). Laminin stimulates neurite extension by retinal ex- ...
Biofilm formation by staphylococci and streptococci
... pathogens that cause a variety of infections in human and animals. Biofilm formation is an important survival strategy adopted by these Gram-positive cocci. Biofilms are surface-associated, specialized multicellular bacterial communities embedded in a self-produced matrix of polysaccharides, protein ...
... pathogens that cause a variety of infections in human and animals. Biofilm formation is an important survival strategy adopted by these Gram-positive cocci. Biofilms are surface-associated, specialized multicellular bacterial communities embedded in a self-produced matrix of polysaccharides, protein ...
Biofilm formation by staphylococci and streptococci: structural
... pathogens that cause a variety of infections in human and animals. Biofilm formation is an important survival strategy adopted by these Gram-positive cocci. Biofilms are surface-associated, specialized multicellular bacterial communities embedded in a self-produced matrix of polysaccharides, protein ...
... pathogens that cause a variety of infections in human and animals. Biofilm formation is an important survival strategy adopted by these Gram-positive cocci. Biofilms are surface-associated, specialized multicellular bacterial communities embedded in a self-produced matrix of polysaccharides, protein ...
Genetic Analysis of Female Gametophyte Development and Function
... mutation (e.g., genotype A/a), approximately half of the female gametophytes are mutant and nonfunctional (genotype a) and because an ovule harboring a defective female gametophyte fails to undergo seed development. An ovule that fails to develop into a seed desiccates and forms a small white mass ( ...
... mutation (e.g., genotype A/a), approximately half of the female gametophytes are mutant and nonfunctional (genotype a) and because an ovule harboring a defective female gametophyte fails to undergo seed development. An ovule that fails to develop into a seed desiccates and forms a small white mass ( ...
Specific Innervation of Neurons in the Paravertebral
... Intracellular recordings were made from sympathetic ganglion cells of 1- to 2-month-old White Leghorn chicks. In a manner similar to such studies in mammals (Nja and Purves, 1977a), the right 12th or 15th cervical ganglion (C 12 or C 15) was removed from anesthetized chicks along with the thoracic p ...
... Intracellular recordings were made from sympathetic ganglion cells of 1- to 2-month-old White Leghorn chicks. In a manner similar to such studies in mammals (Nja and Purves, 1977a), the right 12th or 15th cervical ganglion (C 12 or C 15) was removed from anesthetized chicks along with the thoracic p ...
Intraflagellar transport molecules in ciliary and nonciliary cells of the
... 2003; Follit et al., 2006). These experiments verified the expression of all five IFT proteins in the murine retina (Fig. S1, A and B). The antibodies to four IFT proteins each recognized a single band of expected size in retinal protein extracts, which implied that these antibodies are monospecific ...
... 2003; Follit et al., 2006). These experiments verified the expression of all five IFT proteins in the murine retina (Fig. S1, A and B). The antibodies to four IFT proteins each recognized a single band of expected size in retinal protein extracts, which implied that these antibodies are monospecific ...
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) Biogenesis: Visualization and Duel
... and Mitchison 2008). In addition, the labeling procedure for EdU does not involve the harsh acid or enzyme digests needed for BrdU epitope recovery, and therefore allows greater flexibility and more comprehensive results by comparing its incorporation with that of other intracellular markers (Cappel ...
... and Mitchison 2008). In addition, the labeling procedure for EdU does not involve the harsh acid or enzyme digests needed for BrdU epitope recovery, and therefore allows greater flexibility and more comprehensive results by comparing its incorporation with that of other intracellular markers (Cappel ...
Mitochondrial Dynamics and the ER: The Plant Perspective
... A model for the mixing and unmixing of mitochondrial content was proposed, describing a separation of dysfunctional mitochondria from the pool of fusing mitochondria, and their targeting to autophagosomes (Twig et al., 2008b). In mammalian cells mitochondrial fusion triggers fission which in turn is ...
... A model for the mixing and unmixing of mitochondrial content was proposed, describing a separation of dysfunctional mitochondria from the pool of fusing mitochondria, and their targeting to autophagosomes (Twig et al., 2008b). In mammalian cells mitochondrial fusion triggers fission which in turn is ...
Infusion of a biotinylated bis-glucose photolabel
... GLUT1 is also expressed in the heart, both in cardiac myocytes, where it has a role in basal glucose uptake (14, 41, 51), and in endothelial cells (9). GLUT1 undergoes modest translocation to the sarcolemma with insulin and ischemia (14, 51), as it does in adipocytes (50). GLUT1 is also regulated at ...
... GLUT1 is also expressed in the heart, both in cardiac myocytes, where it has a role in basal glucose uptake (14, 41, 51), and in endothelial cells (9). GLUT1 undergoes modest translocation to the sarcolemma with insulin and ischemia (14, 51), as it does in adipocytes (50). GLUT1 is also regulated at ...
Collagen accumulation in osteosarcoma cells lacking GLT25D1
... type V polypeptide, was insensitive to GLT25D1 and GLT25D2 alterations (Fig. 2E). Collagen glycosylation in GLT25D1-null cells is partially restored by GLT25D2 To quantify the compensatory effect of GLT25D2 on collagen glycosylation in GLT25D1-null cells, we determined collagen post-translational mo ...
... type V polypeptide, was insensitive to GLT25D1 and GLT25D2 alterations (Fig. 2E). Collagen glycosylation in GLT25D1-null cells is partially restored by GLT25D2 To quantify the compensatory effect of GLT25D2 on collagen glycosylation in GLT25D1-null cells, we determined collagen post-translational mo ...
Biofilm exopolysaccharides
... which is widely used in biotechnology for the immobilization of cells and enzymes. This is not seen in bacterial alginates from Azotobacter vinelandii, even though these EPS closely resemble the algal alginates in possessing sequences of polyguluronic acid blocks producing the characteristic egg-box ...
... which is widely used in biotechnology for the immobilization of cells and enzymes. This is not seen in bacterial alginates from Azotobacter vinelandii, even though these EPS closely resemble the algal alginates in possessing sequences of polyguluronic acid blocks producing the characteristic egg-box ...
The Cellular and Humoral Immune Response against Primary
... sister who I could always vent to when I needed it. I could not have done this without the amazing support of my family. Mom, thanks for coming and taking care of me when I got really sick during this process. Your support helped me get back on my feet so many times. For my teacher, Mrs. Kathleen Dw ...
... sister who I could always vent to when I needed it. I could not have done this without the amazing support of my family. Mom, thanks for coming and taking care of me when I got really sick during this process. Your support helped me get back on my feet so many times. For my teacher, Mrs. Kathleen Dw ...
Glucose-dependent, CAMP-mediated ATP efflux from
... was to permeabilize the plasma membrane non-specifically, the relative concentrations of extracellular ATP and ADP would be a direct reflection of their intracellular concentrations. This would cause the efflux of ATP to appear to be glucose-dependent because the intracellular concentration of ATP i ...
... was to permeabilize the plasma membrane non-specifically, the relative concentrations of extracellular ATP and ADP would be a direct reflection of their intracellular concentrations. This would cause the efflux of ATP to appear to be glucose-dependent because the intracellular concentration of ATP i ...
Organelle size control – increasing vacuole
... conditions of a cell change (Marshall, 2012). However, we can expect that other processes also contribute to the adjustment, such as the net influx and efflux of membrane, or modifications of organelle shape. Changes in organellar size and/or organellar surface-tovolume ratio have been observed – e. ...
... conditions of a cell change (Marshall, 2012). However, we can expect that other processes also contribute to the adjustment, such as the net influx and efflux of membrane, or modifications of organelle shape. Changes in organellar size and/or organellar surface-tovolume ratio have been observed – e. ...
Differential Subnuclear Localization of RNA Strands of Opposite
... water alone (Figure 1C). The ( )-strand of PSTVd was localized in the nucleolus as well as in the nucleoplasm (Figure 1H, green fluorescence). Within the nucleolus, the viroid signal often was concentrated as a highly visible ring-like structure in the periphery. In merged images, the green fluores ...
... water alone (Figure 1C). The ( )-strand of PSTVd was localized in the nucleolus as well as in the nucleoplasm (Figure 1H, green fluorescence). Within the nucleolus, the viroid signal often was concentrated as a highly visible ring-like structure in the periphery. In merged images, the green fluores ...
Caspases - Essays in Biochemistry
... domains) found in pro-caspases 1, 2, 4, 5 and 9, which are important for the activation of these enzymes [10]. Activation of caspases containing long prodomains first requires oligomerization via DED or CARD domains. Following the recruitment of a single type of caspase pro-enzyme to a common oligom ...
... domains) found in pro-caspases 1, 2, 4, 5 and 9, which are important for the activation of these enzymes [10]. Activation of caspases containing long prodomains first requires oligomerization via DED or CARD domains. Following the recruitment of a single type of caspase pro-enzyme to a common oligom ...
Synapse-Specific, Long-Term Facilitation of Aplysia
... the level of individual neurons because there have not been appropriate cellular systems for exploring longterm changes in the synaptic strength of different terminals of an individual neuron. Specifically, one would like to know: How can the products of gene expression be differentially targeted to ...
... the level of individual neurons because there have not been appropriate cellular systems for exploring longterm changes in the synaptic strength of different terminals of an individual neuron. Specifically, one would like to know: How can the products of gene expression be differentially targeted to ...
Identification of a Novel Gene, CIA6, Required for
... the cell. In many eukaryotic algae, Rubisco is localized to the pyrenoid, an electron-dense structure within the chloroplast. In order to identify genes required for a functional CCM, insertional Bleomycin resistance (BleR) mutants were generated and screened for growth on minimal medium under high ...
... the cell. In many eukaryotic algae, Rubisco is localized to the pyrenoid, an electron-dense structure within the chloroplast. In order to identify genes required for a functional CCM, insertional Bleomycin resistance (BleR) mutants were generated and screened for growth on minimal medium under high ...
as a PDF
... the wave, very little movement is observed (t= :00 - 4:00). The yellow outline at t= 4:40 indicates the position of two cells just prior to the calcium wave. The calcium wave propagates from left to right across the field of cells between t= 5:00 and t= 5:40. As the wave moves across and begins to d ...
... the wave, very little movement is observed (t= :00 - 4:00). The yellow outline at t= 4:40 indicates the position of two cells just prior to the calcium wave. The calcium wave propagates from left to right across the field of cells between t= 5:00 and t= 5:40. As the wave moves across and begins to d ...
Developing Technology-Based Biology Assessments for Cell
... were asked to form a hypothesis and identify variables (organelles) to test in the experiment. Each microworld allowed students to experiment within them – working with variables and recording changes in the various gauges in order to answer their hypothesis. After the completion of the experiment, ...
... were asked to form a hypothesis and identify variables (organelles) to test in the experiment. Each microworld allowed students to experiment within them – working with variables and recording changes in the various gauges in order to answer their hypothesis. After the completion of the experiment, ...
13. Traffic & Congestion Control in ATM
... Explicit Forward Congestion Indication Essentially same as frame relay If node experiencing congestion, set forward congestion indication is cell headers ...
... Explicit Forward Congestion Indication Essentially same as frame relay If node experiencing congestion, set forward congestion indication is cell headers ...
Cell culture
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Cell_Culture_in_a_tiny_Petri_dish.jpg?width=300)
Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions, generally outside of their natural environment. In practice, the term ""cell culture"" now refers to the culturing of cells derived from multicellular eukaryotes, especially animal cells, in contrast with other types of culture that also grow cells, such as plant tissue culture, fungal culture, and microbiological culture (of microbes). The historical development and methods of cell culture are closely interrelated to those of tissue culture and organ culture. Viral culture is also related, with cells as hosts for the viruses. The laboratory technique of maintaining live cell lines (a population of cells descended from a single cell and containing the same genetic makeup) separated from their original tissue source became more robust in the middle 20th century.