Mouse mammary tumor virus-based vector transduces non
... Studies of the prototypic betaretrovirus have been hampered due to a low virus production from natural virus producers (such as cell lines derived from mammary tumors), as well as insufficient MMTV-based vector production after transfection of molecular clones into cultured cells. This is a result o ...
... Studies of the prototypic betaretrovirus have been hampered due to a low virus production from natural virus producers (such as cell lines derived from mammary tumors), as well as insufficient MMTV-based vector production after transfection of molecular clones into cultured cells. This is a result o ...
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... smooth muscle; these invading mesenchyme cells did not, however, form smooth muscle. In all cultured fragments the epithelium overgrew the ends of the tube and covered the surface of the whole fragment, but this overgrowth appeared to have no effect on folding of the epithelium. The conclusion that ...
... smooth muscle; these invading mesenchyme cells did not, however, form smooth muscle. In all cultured fragments the epithelium overgrew the ends of the tube and covered the surface of the whole fragment, but this overgrowth appeared to have no effect on folding of the epithelium. The conclusion that ...
A Systems Survey of Progressive Host
... Thus, the network provides a valuable tool for the discovery of pathways important for rotavirus infection, revealing roles for multiple cellular processes, suggestive of widespread reorganization and redirection of cell resources on infection. Trajectories of Infection Progression from Heterogeneou ...
... Thus, the network provides a valuable tool for the discovery of pathways important for rotavirus infection, revealing roles for multiple cellular processes, suggestive of widespread reorganization and redirection of cell resources on infection. Trajectories of Infection Progression from Heterogeneou ...
A missense mutation in Caenorhabditis elegans prohibitin 2 confers
... to observe a phenotype in C. elegans compared with mamma15524 兩 www.pnas.org兾cgi兾doi兾10.1073兾pnas.0607338103 ...
... to observe a phenotype in C. elegans compared with mamma15524 兩 www.pnas.org兾cgi兾doi兾10.1073兾pnas.0607338103 ...
Cell Type–Specific Chromatin Decondensation of a
... unknown. It is possible that this process could be mediated via zip-coded regions of the ER (Grotewold and Davies, 2008). The Genomic Region Spanning Sad1 and Sad2 Is Decondensed in the Root Epidermis We then used DNA FISH to determine whether expression of genes within the avenacin gene cluster is ...
... unknown. It is possible that this process could be mediated via zip-coded regions of the ER (Grotewold and Davies, 2008). The Genomic Region Spanning Sad1 and Sad2 Is Decondensed in the Root Epidermis We then used DNA FISH to determine whether expression of genes within the avenacin gene cluster is ...
University of Groningen Bacillus subtilis at near
... Retentostat cultivation of B. subtilis A bioreactor consists of many parts, and with a typical experimental duration of more than 40 days, there are many risks of failure that render a retentostat cultivation useless for further analysis. A number of adaptations to the retentostat setup, such as the ...
... Retentostat cultivation of B. subtilis A bioreactor consists of many parts, and with a typical experimental duration of more than 40 days, there are many risks of failure that render a retentostat cultivation useless for further analysis. A number of adaptations to the retentostat setup, such as the ...
Auxin Metabolism and Function in the Multicellular Brown Alga
... The effect of auxin on the growth and development in E. siliculosus was tested at different stages of its life cycle. E. siliculosus development follows a complex heteromorphic haplodiploid life cycle (Müller, 1967). Diploid sporophytes produce both meiospores (from a meiotic event) and mitospores, ...
... The effect of auxin on the growth and development in E. siliculosus was tested at different stages of its life cycle. E. siliculosus development follows a complex heteromorphic haplodiploid life cycle (Müller, 1967). Diploid sporophytes produce both meiospores (from a meiotic event) and mitospores, ...
F. Lateral or Branch Roots
... • develops into the first root after germination 2. Most dicotyledonous plants (e.g. soybeans, peas and carrots which have two seed leaves) have a taproot system while monocotyledonous plants (e.g. corn and rice which have one seed leaf) have a fibrous root system. C. Surface Area of Root System: 1. ...
... • develops into the first root after germination 2. Most dicotyledonous plants (e.g. soybeans, peas and carrots which have two seed leaves) have a taproot system while monocotyledonous plants (e.g. corn and rice which have one seed leaf) have a fibrous root system. C. Surface Area of Root System: 1. ...
BIO315109 Part 1
... This question paper and any materials associated with this examination (including answer booklets, cover sheets, rough note paper, or information sheets) remain the property of the Tasmanian Qualifications Authority. ...
... This question paper and any materials associated with this examination (including answer booklets, cover sheets, rough note paper, or information sheets) remain the property of the Tasmanian Qualifications Authority. ...
Actin behavior in bulk cytoplasm is cell cycle regulated in early
... white line in the schematic on the right-hand side of Fig. 1E) and arranged side-by-side from left to right. This kymograph allowed comparison of nine successive waves of gelation-contraction. Successive waves moved inwards at similar rates (the more vertical the trace, the faster the rate). They sl ...
... white line in the schematic on the right-hand side of Fig. 1E) and arranged side-by-side from left to right. This kymograph allowed comparison of nine successive waves of gelation-contraction. Successive waves moved inwards at similar rates (the more vertical the trace, the faster the rate). They sl ...
Thiosemicarbazone Metal Complexes: From Structure to Activity
... biological properties. Traces of interest date back to the beginning of the 20th century but the first reports on their medical applications began to appear in the Fifties as drugs against tuberculosis and leprosy [1, 2]. In the Sixties their antiviral properties were discovered and a huge amount of ...
... biological properties. Traces of interest date back to the beginning of the 20th century but the first reports on their medical applications began to appear in the Fifties as drugs against tuberculosis and leprosy [1, 2]. In the Sixties their antiviral properties were discovered and a huge amount of ...
Hepatosplenic gamma/delta T-Cell Lymphoma in Bone Marrow A
... performed on Wright-Giemsa–stained aspirate smears. In all cases, 2 populations of atypical cells were identified: small cells and medium to large cells ❚Image 4❚. The nuclei of the small cells had irregular contours, condensed chromatin, and inconspicuous nucleoli. The medium to large cells had nuc ...
... performed on Wright-Giemsa–stained aspirate smears. In all cases, 2 populations of atypical cells were identified: small cells and medium to large cells ❚Image 4❚. The nuclei of the small cells had irregular contours, condensed chromatin, and inconspicuous nucleoli. The medium to large cells had nuc ...
Heat stress-induced localization of small heat shock
... antibody (polyclonal) followed by FITC-tagged or Alexa 488-conjugated secondary antibody. In the case of dual labeling, the immunostaining of the second protein was done subsequently with respective primary antibody (monoclonal), which was followed by the addition of Cy3-tagged secondary antibody. A ...
... antibody (polyclonal) followed by FITC-tagged or Alexa 488-conjugated secondary antibody. In the case of dual labeling, the immunostaining of the second protein was done subsequently with respective primary antibody (monoclonal), which was followed by the addition of Cy3-tagged secondary antibody. A ...
An Equatorial Contractile Mechanism Drives Cell Elongation but not
... Academic Editor: Michael Levine, University of California Berkeley, United States of America Received May 1, 2013; Accepted December 20, 2013; Published February 4, 2014 Copyright: ß 2014 Sehring et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Li ...
... Academic Editor: Michael Levine, University of California Berkeley, United States of America Received May 1, 2013; Accepted December 20, 2013; Published February 4, 2014 Copyright: ß 2014 Sehring et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Li ...
Orthologs of Arabidopsis thaliana stomatal bHLH
... the development of an epidermis that, although made highly impermeable by a lipid-rich cuticle, still permitted the exchange of external CO2 for internal O2 and water vapor. Microscopic epidermal valves called stomata were the structural innovations that allow this regulated exchange (Edwards et al. ...
... the development of an epidermis that, although made highly impermeable by a lipid-rich cuticle, still permitted the exchange of external CO2 for internal O2 and water vapor. Microscopic epidermal valves called stomata were the structural innovations that allow this regulated exchange (Edwards et al. ...
a11a BactViruses
... •Lysis/Release Viruses cannot reproduce outside of a cell. They are extremely small and come in three different shapes. They are very specific for their hosts. In the lytic cycle of bacteriophages, they enter, reproduce, and leave. ...
... •Lysis/Release Viruses cannot reproduce outside of a cell. They are extremely small and come in three different shapes. They are very specific for their hosts. In the lytic cycle of bacteriophages, they enter, reproduce, and leave. ...
Cell death in Leishmania induced by stress and differentiation
... forms, similar morphological features of apoptosis could be induced, in vitro, with concanavalin A treatment,24,25 or under oxidative stress.26 Additionally, Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes display DNA laddering and chromatin condensation in dense clusters (leading to the breakdown of the nucle ...
... forms, similar morphological features of apoptosis could be induced, in vitro, with concanavalin A treatment,24,25 or under oxidative stress.26 Additionally, Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes display DNA laddering and chromatin condensation in dense clusters (leading to the breakdown of the nucle ...
ER Membrane Protein Complex Required for Nuclear
... isolates consistently failed to generate diploids. Instead, numerous zygotes generated from these crosses and isolated by micromanipulation grew to colonies consisting of haploid cells of a single mating type or, occasionally, a mixture of both mating types but no diploids. This behavior was reminis ...
... isolates consistently failed to generate diploids. Instead, numerous zygotes generated from these crosses and isolated by micromanipulation grew to colonies consisting of haploid cells of a single mating type or, occasionally, a mixture of both mating types but no diploids. This behavior was reminis ...
Retinal Ganglion Cells in Goldfish
... Golgi-like filling of the cells. From their appearance in the retinal whole-mount, they were classified as four types, according to the sizes of the soma and dendritic field, the thickness of the primary dendrites, and the density of the arbors. Each type was subdivided according to the level(s) of ...
... Golgi-like filling of the cells. From their appearance in the retinal whole-mount, they were classified as four types, according to the sizes of the soma and dendritic field, the thickness of the primary dendrites, and the density of the arbors. Each type was subdivided according to the level(s) of ...
Functions of AP1 (Fos/Jun) in bone development
... critical role in endochondral ossification,6 although the analysis of c-Fos deficient mice indicates that c-Fos is dispensable for the differentiation of osteoblasts.7 8 When c-Fos was ectopically expressed in various cell types and in transgenic mice, specific effects on the skeleton were observed. ...
... critical role in endochondral ossification,6 although the analysis of c-Fos deficient mice indicates that c-Fos is dispensable for the differentiation of osteoblasts.7 8 When c-Fos was ectopically expressed in various cell types and in transgenic mice, specific effects on the skeleton were observed. ...
Adenovirus Overrides Cellular Checkpoints for Protein Translation
... Consistent with this, we demonstrated that E4-ORF4 point mutants that fail to bind to PP2A are defective for p70S6K activation.5 In addition, we have since demonstrated that wild type E4-ORF4 binds to both endogenous PP2A B and C subunits, unlike E4-ORF4 mutants that fail to activate p70S6K (unpubli ...
... Consistent with this, we demonstrated that E4-ORF4 point mutants that fail to bind to PP2A are defective for p70S6K activation.5 In addition, we have since demonstrated that wild type E4-ORF4 binds to both endogenous PP2A B and C subunits, unlike E4-ORF4 mutants that fail to activate p70S6K (unpubli ...
Lab Dept: Microbiology/Virology Test Name: GRAM STAIN
... used to confirm findings suggested by Gram stain. Culture is necessary for definitive identification and susceptibility testing. ● Gram stain results, including organism morphology, can be affected by the age of the isolate, bacteria containing autolytic enzyme systems, cultures transferred from ant ...
... used to confirm findings suggested by Gram stain. Culture is necessary for definitive identification and susceptibility testing. ● Gram stain results, including organism morphology, can be affected by the age of the isolate, bacteria containing autolytic enzyme systems, cultures transferred from ant ...
Xylem Structure and Function
... dispersal associated with increase in height, and later competition for sunlight, increased the selection pressure for plants that could grow taller than other plants. The most successful plants were able to support more weight, transport water further and sustain growth for more than one season. Th ...
... dispersal associated with increase in height, and later competition for sunlight, increased the selection pressure for plants that could grow taller than other plants. The most successful plants were able to support more weight, transport water further and sustain growth for more than one season. Th ...
Basic Amino Acid Inhibition of Cell Division and
... possibility that accumulated basic amino acids themselves were causing growth inhibition. Therefore, we measured the total intracellular concentrations of basic amino acids in cultures grown in several different media (Table 2). Addition of lysine to cultures provided with either good or poor nitrog ...
... possibility that accumulated basic amino acids themselves were causing growth inhibition. Therefore, we measured the total intracellular concentrations of basic amino acids in cultures grown in several different media (Table 2). Addition of lysine to cultures provided with either good or poor nitrog ...
Cell culture
Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions, generally outside of their natural environment. In practice, the term ""cell culture"" now refers to the culturing of cells derived from multicellular eukaryotes, especially animal cells, in contrast with other types of culture that also grow cells, such as plant tissue culture, fungal culture, and microbiological culture (of microbes). The historical development and methods of cell culture are closely interrelated to those of tissue culture and organ culture. Viral culture is also related, with cells as hosts for the viruses. The laboratory technique of maintaining live cell lines (a population of cells descended from a single cell and containing the same genetic makeup) separated from their original tissue source became more robust in the middle 20th century.