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UVB induced cell cycle checkpoints in an early stage
... S phase fell from 33 to 5% at 12 h post-UVB, with a nadir of 2 ± 3% S phase cells by 18 ± 24 h. Recovery of G1-to-S phase progression was seen between 24 and 36 h. Cells that had a DNA content between 2N and 4N before irradiation failed to progress into G2, indicating inhibition of replicative DNA s ...
... S phase fell from 33 to 5% at 12 h post-UVB, with a nadir of 2 ± 3% S phase cells by 18 ± 24 h. Recovery of G1-to-S phase progression was seen between 24 and 36 h. Cells that had a DNA content between 2N and 4N before irradiation failed to progress into G2, indicating inhibition of replicative DNA s ...
Goblet Cells Contribute to Ocular Surface Immune Tolerance
... conjunctiva. (Figure 1A). Antigens, including 2.3 kDa OVA peptide, and 10 and 70 kDa dextrans, passed into the stroma through goblet cell associated passages (GAPs) in WT (Figure 1A). The least epithelial retention was noted for OVA peptide, and the greatest stromal localization was noted for the tw ...
... conjunctiva. (Figure 1A). Antigens, including 2.3 kDa OVA peptide, and 10 and 70 kDa dextrans, passed into the stroma through goblet cell associated passages (GAPs) in WT (Figure 1A). The least epithelial retention was noted for OVA peptide, and the greatest stromal localization was noted for the tw ...
Recruitment of lymphocytes to the human liver
... fenestrated endothelium that lines the sinusoids. However, there is also evidence for differences between portal and hepatic venous endothelium and differences within the sinusoids.5–9 The sinusoidal endothelial cells (SEC) are morphologically unique and are characterized by an absence of tight junc ...
... fenestrated endothelium that lines the sinusoids. However, there is also evidence for differences between portal and hepatic venous endothelium and differences within the sinusoids.5–9 The sinusoidal endothelial cells (SEC) are morphologically unique and are characterized by an absence of tight junc ...
12Macromolecular
... early-headfold embryo, amnion, and chorion surrounded by the VYS. Two conceptuses were placed in a 30-ml serum bottle containing 4 ml medium, incubated for 2 hr, then treated with TPA or DMSO, and cultured up to 28 additional hr. The culture medium consisted of 80% rat serum, which was immediately c ...
... early-headfold embryo, amnion, and chorion surrounded by the VYS. Two conceptuses were placed in a 30-ml serum bottle containing 4 ml medium, incubated for 2 hr, then treated with TPA or DMSO, and cultured up to 28 additional hr. The culture medium consisted of 80% rat serum, which was immediately c ...
Nup358 interacts with APC and plays a role in cell polarization
... (B) Endogenous Nup358 is recruited to a subset of microtubule plus ends that are proximal to the cell cortex by the exogenously expressed APC. COS-7 cells were transfected with pDsRed-Ex-C1 vector (RFP) or pDsRed-APC-FL (RFP-APC-FL) (red) and analyzed for the localization of endogenous Nup358 (Endo. ...
... (B) Endogenous Nup358 is recruited to a subset of microtubule plus ends that are proximal to the cell cortex by the exogenously expressed APC. COS-7 cells were transfected with pDsRed-Ex-C1 vector (RFP) or pDsRed-APC-FL (RFP-APC-FL) (red) and analyzed for the localization of endogenous Nup358 (Endo. ...
Analysis of the paralysed trypanosome mutant snl-1
... cone cells of the eye or the olfactory receptor neurons. In such metazoan systems, the application of modern molecular genetic approaches is hindered by the fact that all such cells are differentiated and do not replicate in culture. The flagellum of Trypanosoma brucei represents an interesting syst ...
... cone cells of the eye or the olfactory receptor neurons. In such metazoan systems, the application of modern molecular genetic approaches is hindered by the fact that all such cells are differentiated and do not replicate in culture. The flagellum of Trypanosoma brucei represents an interesting syst ...
IDEXX Urine Sediment Guide
... How to perform a dry prep/line smear Performing a dry prep or line smear is an extremely cost-effective means of confirming the presence or absence of bacteria, of differentiating between cocci and short rods, and for characterizing various cellular elements in the urine sample. ...
... How to perform a dry prep/line smear Performing a dry prep or line smear is an extremely cost-effective means of confirming the presence or absence of bacteria, of differentiating between cocci and short rods, and for characterizing various cellular elements in the urine sample. ...
The dendritic cell side of the immunological synapse
... when cSMAC formation was delayed by a reduced lateral mobility of antibodies against CD3 incorporated in bilayers (as surrogate APC), this resulted in less signaling within the T cell (55). DCs not only counteract the centripetal forces conferred by the T cell cytoskeleton, but also receive signals ...
... when cSMAC formation was delayed by a reduced lateral mobility of antibodies against CD3 incorporated in bilayers (as surrogate APC), this resulted in less signaling within the T cell (55). DCs not only counteract the centripetal forces conferred by the T cell cytoskeleton, but also receive signals ...
Lutoslawski`s Derivation of Twelve
... adjacent notes form a limited number of types of intervals. . . . Twelve‐note chords which are made up of one, two, or three types of intervals have for me a distinct, easily recognisable character. In contrast to these, twelve‐note chords which include all types of intervals are devoid of colou ...
... adjacent notes form a limited number of types of intervals. . . . Twelve‐note chords which are made up of one, two, or three types of intervals have for me a distinct, easily recognisable character. In contrast to these, twelve‐note chords which include all types of intervals are devoid of colou ...
Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Current Clinical Applications and
... feasible and promising in the treatment of several diseases. Since, MSCs possess unique biological characteristics which make them variable applying in clinic. These include self-renewal capacity, multi-lineages differentiation potential, homing and migration ability, immunomodulatory properties and ...
... feasible and promising in the treatment of several diseases. Since, MSCs possess unique biological characteristics which make them variable applying in clinic. These include self-renewal capacity, multi-lineages differentiation potential, homing and migration ability, immunomodulatory properties and ...
Gain of function in the immune system caused by a ryanodine
... RyR1 cDNA from wild-type mice (WT) yields the uncut band of about 376 bp, whereas digestion of the cDNA from heterozygous mice (HET RYR1Y522S) yields two bands of 276 bp and 100 bp plus the uncut 376 bp band from the wild-type allele. (B) The resting [Ca2+] of DCs from HET RYR1Y522S mice is signific ...
... RyR1 cDNA from wild-type mice (WT) yields the uncut band of about 376 bp, whereas digestion of the cDNA from heterozygous mice (HET RYR1Y522S) yields two bands of 276 bp and 100 bp plus the uncut 376 bp band from the wild-type allele. (B) The resting [Ca2+] of DCs from HET RYR1Y522S mice is signific ...
Histology-Based Screen for Zebrafish Mutants with Abnormal Cell
... males, which were outcrossed with homozygous goldenb1 (gol) females to generate F1 progeny for screening. Early pressure parthenogenesis (EP) was used to generate half-tetrads from F1 females. At 7 days of age, half-tetrad larvae were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin, and up to 64 sibs from ind ...
... males, which were outcrossed with homozygous goldenb1 (gol) females to generate F1 progeny for screening. Early pressure parthenogenesis (EP) was used to generate half-tetrads from F1 females. At 7 days of age, half-tetrad larvae were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin, and up to 64 sibs from ind ...
NIH Public Access - McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research
... B6 recipient mice were given a single dose of TCDD one day prior to transplant and were then euthanized on post-operative days (POD) 10 or 16, or at the time of rejection (Figure 1A). Compared to untreated (median GST=10 days), no graft loss from rejection was seen in the TCDD-treated group in the f ...
... B6 recipient mice were given a single dose of TCDD one day prior to transplant and were then euthanized on post-operative days (POD) 10 or 16, or at the time of rejection (Figure 1A). Compared to untreated (median GST=10 days), no graft loss from rejection was seen in the TCDD-treated group in the f ...
Planar cell polarity signalling regulates cell adhesion properties in
... incubated in 2.5 mg/ml concanavalin A (ConA, Sigma) overnight at 4°C and rinsed in 1⫻ PBS prior to use. Plasma-activated microscope slides (GoldSeal) were prepared using a two-well coating mask (nAmbition) to obtain an adhesive and non-adhesive substrate. One well was filled with 50 l of heatinacti ...
... incubated in 2.5 mg/ml concanavalin A (ConA, Sigma) overnight at 4°C and rinsed in 1⫻ PBS prior to use. Plasma-activated microscope slides (GoldSeal) were prepared using a two-well coating mask (nAmbition) to obtain an adhesive and non-adhesive substrate. One well was filled with 50 l of heatinacti ...
Root Border-Like Cells of Arabidopsis. Microscopical
... cells (BLC). Electron microscopical results revealed that BLC are rich in mitochondria, Golgi stacks, and Golgi-derived vesicles, suggesting that these cells are actively engaged in secretion of materials to their cell walls. Immunocytochemical data demonstrated that pectins as well as AGPs are amon ...
... cells (BLC). Electron microscopical results revealed that BLC are rich in mitochondria, Golgi stacks, and Golgi-derived vesicles, suggesting that these cells are actively engaged in secretion of materials to their cell walls. Immunocytochemical data demonstrated that pectins as well as AGPs are amon ...
Cardiac muscle
... fibers can grow by continued nuclear division within the fibers. Although skeletal muscle fibers are thus not proper, individual cells, the term "muscle cell" is commonly used to refer to one multinucleate fiber. Each individual skeletal muscle fiber extends over much of the length of the muscle in ...
... fibers can grow by continued nuclear division within the fibers. Although skeletal muscle fibers are thus not proper, individual cells, the term "muscle cell" is commonly used to refer to one multinucleate fiber. Each individual skeletal muscle fiber extends over much of the length of the muscle in ...
Role of the ABC Transporter Ste6 in Cell Fusion during Yeast
... mutant strains were tested for their ability to respond to synthetic a-factor using a quantitative growth inhibition assay and a filter assay for induction of the pheromone inducible reporter FUSI-lacZ (26). Strains with obviously reduced sensitivity to a-factor were eliminated. Strains with mutatio ...
... mutant strains were tested for their ability to respond to synthetic a-factor using a quantitative growth inhibition assay and a filter assay for induction of the pheromone inducible reporter FUSI-lacZ (26). Strains with obviously reduced sensitivity to a-factor were eliminated. Strains with mutatio ...
Chapter Five - Building a Fly Eye: Terminal
... Doroquez and Rebay, 2006; also see Chapter 4). The R8 cell arises first, followed by pairwise recruitment of R2/5, R3/4, and R1/6, and ending with R7 recruitment. Next, four nonneuronal CCs (also known as Semper cells) are recruited, and these cells are the last to be added during larval development ...
... Doroquez and Rebay, 2006; also see Chapter 4). The R8 cell arises first, followed by pairwise recruitment of R2/5, R3/4, and R1/6, and ending with R7 recruitment. Next, four nonneuronal CCs (also known as Semper cells) are recruited, and these cells are the last to be added during larval development ...
Human Cardiac-Derived Adherent Proliferating Cells Reduce
... accordance with this finding, that suggests minimal CVB3 uptake, CVB3 infection of CAPs was associated with limited CVB3 RNA copy number presence. Furthermore, CVB3 did not reduce the viability of CAPs and viral progeny release did not take place, ...
... accordance with this finding, that suggests minimal CVB3 uptake, CVB3 infection of CAPs was associated with limited CVB3 RNA copy number presence. Furthermore, CVB3 did not reduce the viability of CAPs and viral progeny release did not take place, ...
The transcription factor Th-POK negatively regulates
... activity, with only low levels of Th-POK permissive for the differentiation of NKT17 cells. (Blood. 2012;120(23):4524-4532) ...
... activity, with only low levels of Th-POK permissive for the differentiation of NKT17 cells. (Blood. 2012;120(23):4524-4532) ...
Draft De Novo Transcriptome of the Rat Kangaroo Potorous
... visualizing the cellular dynamics of mitosis through microscopy: i) they possess large chromosomes that are few in number, ii) they are large, adherent and flat, and iii) they can remain relatively flat throughout mitosis—in contrast to many other mammalian cells [4]. Because of the ease of imaging, ...
... visualizing the cellular dynamics of mitosis through microscopy: i) they possess large chromosomes that are few in number, ii) they are large, adherent and flat, and iii) they can remain relatively flat throughout mitosis—in contrast to many other mammalian cells [4]. Because of the ease of imaging, ...
Transient Exposure to Ethylene Stimulates Cell Division and Alters
... We first examined the effects of ethylene on stomatal development along the entire length of the hypocotyl. We grew seedlings in the dark in airtight containers throughout the treatment period. Three days after planting in normal air, we injected 10 mL L1 ethylene into the containers and after 2 d, ...
... We first examined the effects of ethylene on stomatal development along the entire length of the hypocotyl. We grew seedlings in the dark in airtight containers throughout the treatment period. Three days after planting in normal air, we injected 10 mL L1 ethylene into the containers and after 2 d, ...
Cryptococcus neoformans Induces Expression of Fas Ligand in Macrophages
... tumor cells upon activation by cytokines and/or T cells. In addition, they eliminate damaged or apoptotic cells. In contrast, macrophages can also release copious amounts of toxic metabolites that can promote tissue damage during antimicrobial defense responses. Macrophages may also initiate self-de ...
... tumor cells upon activation by cytokines and/or T cells. In addition, they eliminate damaged or apoptotic cells. In contrast, macrophages can also release copious amounts of toxic metabolites that can promote tissue damage during antimicrobial defense responses. Macrophages may also initiate self-de ...
The Membrane Skeleton of a Unicellular Consists
... shown in Fig. 2, a and b, and details are shown diagrammatically in Fig. 3 b. Although the plasma membrane is continuous along the ridge and groove, the membrane skeleton is discontinuous and in fact consists of individual parallel strips that overlap along their lateral margins. The junction betwee ...
... shown in Fig. 2, a and b, and details are shown diagrammatically in Fig. 3 b. Although the plasma membrane is continuous along the ridge and groove, the membrane skeleton is discontinuous and in fact consists of individual parallel strips that overlap along their lateral margins. The junction betwee ...
Cell culture
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Cell_Culture_in_a_tiny_Petri_dish.jpg?width=300)
Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions, generally outside of their natural environment. In practice, the term ""cell culture"" now refers to the culturing of cells derived from multicellular eukaryotes, especially animal cells, in contrast with other types of culture that also grow cells, such as plant tissue culture, fungal culture, and microbiological culture (of microbes). The historical development and methods of cell culture are closely interrelated to those of tissue culture and organ culture. Viral culture is also related, with cells as hosts for the viruses. The laboratory technique of maintaining live cell lines (a population of cells descended from a single cell and containing the same genetic makeup) separated from their original tissue source became more robust in the middle 20th century.