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Cryptococcus neoformans Induces Expression of Fas Ligand in Macrophages
... tumor cells upon activation by cytokines and/or T cells. In addition, they eliminate damaged or apoptotic cells. In contrast, macrophages can also release copious amounts of toxic metabolites that can promote tissue damage during antimicrobial defense responses. Macrophages may also initiate self-de ...
... tumor cells upon activation by cytokines and/or T cells. In addition, they eliminate damaged or apoptotic cells. In contrast, macrophages can also release copious amounts of toxic metabolites that can promote tissue damage during antimicrobial defense responses. Macrophages may also initiate self-de ...
Tissue: The Living Fabric
... The human body is a multicellular organism – Its cells form tight communities that have similar functions – Cell specialization allows for division of labor – However, the risk is that loss of specialized cells means the loss of that function and potentially the individual ...
... The human body is a multicellular organism – Its cells form tight communities that have similar functions – Cell specialization allows for division of labor – However, the risk is that loss of specialized cells means the loss of that function and potentially the individual ...
technicolour transgenics: imaging tools for functional
... Because it is not uncommon for mouse mutant phenotypes to be complex, chimaeras that consist of both wild type and mutant cells can be extremely helpful in determining the site of action of a gene product or in understanding the later consequences of a mutation that also affects early development. H ...
... Because it is not uncommon for mouse mutant phenotypes to be complex, chimaeras that consist of both wild type and mutant cells can be extremely helpful in determining the site of action of a gene product or in understanding the later consequences of a mutation that also affects early development. H ...
Fibronectin and radial intercalation
... Darribere et al., 1988). Because mesodermal explants and dissociated cells from amphibian embryos also migrate on FN substrates in vitro (Darribere et al., 1988; Nakatsuji, 1986; Riou et al., 1990), it was concluded that the FN-dependent migration of mesoderm along the BCR was a key process driving ...
... Darribere et al., 1988). Because mesodermal explants and dissociated cells from amphibian embryos also migrate on FN substrates in vitro (Darribere et al., 1988; Nakatsuji, 1986; Riou et al., 1990), it was concluded that the FN-dependent migration of mesoderm along the BCR was a key process driving ...
dextran by suspension-cultured plant cells
... (DIC) microscopy it was observed that after incubation for 30 min with pure non-conjugated FITC, fluorescence was exclusively localised in the vacuoles of both cells and protoplasts. This phenomenon was particularly apparent in the large vacuoles of elongate cells (Fig. 1G). Intense fluorescence was ...
... (DIC) microscopy it was observed that after incubation for 30 min with pure non-conjugated FITC, fluorescence was exclusively localised in the vacuoles of both cells and protoplasts. This phenomenon was particularly apparent in the large vacuoles of elongate cells (Fig. 1G). Intense fluorescence was ...
PubMed Central CANADA
... fluorescent activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis, was used to measure cytotoxicity. RAW264.7 macrophages were cultured in the presence or absence of LeTx in 96 well plates, and MTT was then added at a final concentration of 1mg/ml. After an additional 2 h incubation at 37 °C, culture media were ca ...
... fluorescent activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis, was used to measure cytotoxicity. RAW264.7 macrophages were cultured in the presence or absence of LeTx in 96 well plates, and MTT was then added at a final concentration of 1mg/ml. After an additional 2 h incubation at 37 °C, culture media were ca ...
the cell cycle in action - Oxford Academic
... cyclosome (APC/C). In the case of plants, the number of E3 ligases is much higher than in other eukaryotes (yeast and mammals for example), also suggesting a broader number of targets that might be regulated by degradation. In eukaryotes, cell division is an important process that is under strict re ...
... cyclosome (APC/C). In the case of plants, the number of E3 ligases is much higher than in other eukaryotes (yeast and mammals for example), also suggesting a broader number of targets that might be regulated by degradation. In eukaryotes, cell division is an important process that is under strict re ...
multiple functions The ADAMs family of metalloproteases
... The N terminus of ADAMs contains a signal sequence that directs ADAMs into the secretory pathway and a prodomain that functions in ADAMs maturation (Fig. 1). Primarily, the prodomain keeps the metalloprotease site of ADAMs inactive, through a cysteine switch (Van Wart and Birkedal-Hansen 1990; Becke ...
... The N terminus of ADAMs contains a signal sequence that directs ADAMs into the secretory pathway and a prodomain that functions in ADAMs maturation (Fig. 1). Primarily, the prodomain keeps the metalloprotease site of ADAMs inactive, through a cysteine switch (Van Wart and Birkedal-Hansen 1990; Becke ...
Double-Stranded RNA Induces Sickle Erythrocyte
... of sickle erythrocytes to microvascular endothelium is posited as a major determinant of intracapillary transit time and a modulator of vaso-occlusive complications!-6 In recent years, specific adhesion pathways between both microvascular and large vein endothelium and sickle erythrocytes have been ...
... of sickle erythrocytes to microvascular endothelium is posited as a major determinant of intracapillary transit time and a modulator of vaso-occlusive complications!-6 In recent years, specific adhesion pathways between both microvascular and large vein endothelium and sickle erythrocytes have been ...
Role of E-cadherin and other cell adhesion molecules in survival
... molecular structure and the binding sites of E-cadherin and its connection with actin cytoskeleton. The extracellular region of E-cadherin consists of five cadherin-type repeats (extracellular cadherin domains) that are bound together by Ca2+ ions. The cytoplasmic tails of E-cadherin bind to p120-ca ...
... molecular structure and the binding sites of E-cadherin and its connection with actin cytoskeleton. The extracellular region of E-cadherin consists of five cadherin-type repeats (extracellular cadherin domains) that are bound together by Ca2+ ions. The cytoplasmic tails of E-cadherin bind to p120-ca ...
Novel Symbiotic Protoplasts Formed by Endophytic Fungi Explain
... diversity of endophytic fungi that are able to form novel protoplasts called mycosomes. We found that mycosomes cultured from plants and phylogenetically diverse endophytic fungi have common morphological characteristics, express similar developmental patterns, and can revert back to the free-living ...
... diversity of endophytic fungi that are able to form novel protoplasts called mycosomes. We found that mycosomes cultured from plants and phylogenetically diverse endophytic fungi have common morphological characteristics, express similar developmental patterns, and can revert back to the free-living ...
Metabolism of Methanol in Plant Cells. Carbon-13
... H4Pte-Glun, 5,10-methenyl H4Pte-Glun, and 10-formyl H4Pte-Glun are readily interconvertible, thus providing an equilibrium between the pool of C1 units at the formyl and methylene levels of oxidation. These interconversions are catalyzed by a bi-functional methylene H4Pte-Glun dehydrogenase/methenyl ...
... H4Pte-Glun, 5,10-methenyl H4Pte-Glun, and 10-formyl H4Pte-Glun are readily interconvertible, thus providing an equilibrium between the pool of C1 units at the formyl and methylene levels of oxidation. These interconversions are catalyzed by a bi-functional methylene H4Pte-Glun dehydrogenase/methenyl ...
The Role of Cytoskeletal Elements in Shaping Bacterial Cells
... division site. The cytoskeletal proteins FtsZ and FtsA are critical for initiating divisome assembly. FtsZ polymers assemble into a ring-like structure, termed the Z-ring, along with several FtsZ-interacting proteins, including FtsA, underneath the cytoplasmic membrane at the prospective division si ...
... division site. The cytoskeletal proteins FtsZ and FtsA are critical for initiating divisome assembly. FtsZ polymers assemble into a ring-like structure, termed the Z-ring, along with several FtsZ-interacting proteins, including FtsA, underneath the cytoplasmic membrane at the prospective division si ...
Neuron-to-Cell Spread of Pseudorabies Virus in a
... were carefully harvested by scraping the bottom of the dish using the pointed end of a gel-loading tip. The cells and medium were then pooled, freeze-thawed, and titered on PK15 cells. Studying axon-mediated infection of neuronal cell bodies. Briefly, neurons were grown and cultured as described in ...
... were carefully harvested by scraping the bottom of the dish using the pointed end of a gel-loading tip. The cells and medium were then pooled, freeze-thawed, and titered on PK15 cells. Studying axon-mediated infection of neuronal cell bodies. Briefly, neurons were grown and cultured as described in ...
YSK1 is activated by the Golgi matrix protein GM130 and plays a
... GM130 is an activator of YSK1 and MST4 Because GM130 appears to function as a Golgi apparatus localized scaffold protein for YSK1, the relationship between YSK1 kinase activity and GM130 binding was investigated. A preliminary analysis of recombinant YSK1 purified from insect cells found that the pu ...
... GM130 is an activator of YSK1 and MST4 Because GM130 appears to function as a Golgi apparatus localized scaffold protein for YSK1, the relationship between YSK1 kinase activity and GM130 binding was investigated. A preliminary analysis of recombinant YSK1 purified from insect cells found that the pu ...
Functional diversification of centrins and cell morphological
... proteins (the subfamily called PtCenBP3 for centrin binding protein 3), five new centrin subfamilies (ICL1e, ICL3b, ICL9, ICL10 and ICL11), and 14 different subfamilies of either known or unknown proteins (supplementary material Table S1). Among the novel protein subfamilies, GSPATP00007371001 and G ...
... proteins (the subfamily called PtCenBP3 for centrin binding protein 3), five new centrin subfamilies (ICL1e, ICL3b, ICL9, ICL10 and ICL11), and 14 different subfamilies of either known or unknown proteins (supplementary material Table S1). Among the novel protein subfamilies, GSPATP00007371001 and G ...
T Cells + Lymphotropic Virus (MTLV) Destroying CD4 Autoimmune
... modifying the antigenicity of self molecules, or triggering their presentation to potentially self-reactive T cells through aberrant expression of MHC molecules (4 –9). They may also antigenically mimic self molecules (10, 11). Although extensive attempts have been made to prove these mechanisms, ev ...
... modifying the antigenicity of self molecules, or triggering their presentation to potentially self-reactive T cells through aberrant expression of MHC molecules (4 –9). They may also antigenically mimic self molecules (10, 11). Although extensive attempts have been made to prove these mechanisms, ev ...
Plant Cytokinesis Is Orchestrated by the Sequential Action of the
... Brief Overlap at the Onset and End of Cytokinesis We first set out to elucidate the localization dynamics of TRAPPII and exocyst subunits throughout cytokinesis. CLUB/AtTRS130 and AtTRS120 GFP fusions, expressed under the control of ubiquitin and/or native promoters, were shown to be functional (Fig ...
... Brief Overlap at the Onset and End of Cytokinesis We first set out to elucidate the localization dynamics of TRAPPII and exocyst subunits throughout cytokinesis. CLUB/AtTRS130 and AtTRS120 GFP fusions, expressed under the control of ubiquitin and/or native promoters, were shown to be functional (Fig ...
Capture of plasma membrane fragments from target
... they acquire membrane-anchored antigen in fragments of membrane).7,8 Trogocytosis has since also been reported for most other hematopoietic cells including natural killer (NK) cells (see RodaNavarro and Reyburn9 for a review), dendritic cells,10 monocytes,11,12 and neutrophils,13 indicating that ant ...
... they acquire membrane-anchored antigen in fragments of membrane).7,8 Trogocytosis has since also been reported for most other hematopoietic cells including natural killer (NK) cells (see RodaNavarro and Reyburn9 for a review), dendritic cells,10 monocytes,11,12 and neutrophils,13 indicating that ant ...
- Wiley Online Library
... (Bulloch and Kingston, 2014). Screening such candidates with the classic BEVS is a time-, labor-, and cost-intensive (Jarvis, 2014) process as sufficient recombinant baculoviral material of adequate quality for each construct is required for analysis of the expression efficiency. Hence, screening targ ...
... (Bulloch and Kingston, 2014). Screening such candidates with the classic BEVS is a time-, labor-, and cost-intensive (Jarvis, 2014) process as sufficient recombinant baculoviral material of adequate quality for each construct is required for analysis of the expression efficiency. Hence, screening targ ...
Chapter 4: Microscopy, Staining, and Classification
... • Light must pass between two objects in order for them to be seen as separate. • Depends on light wavelength. If wavelength is too long to pass between objects, they will appear as one. • White light has a relatively long wavelength (550 nm), and cannot resolve structures less than 220 nm (0.2 um) ...
... • Light must pass between two objects in order for them to be seen as separate. • Depends on light wavelength. If wavelength is too long to pass between objects, they will appear as one. • White light has a relatively long wavelength (550 nm), and cannot resolve structures less than 220 nm (0.2 um) ...
Human Body Systems Lesson Guide
... packet of amylase to mix up for afternoon classes. A simple way to avoid cross contamination where students might “double-dip” their pipettes into different solutions is to rubber band a test tube to the side of a bottle of liquid. This test tube becomes the holder for the pipette. Students are re ...
... packet of amylase to mix up for afternoon classes. A simple way to avoid cross contamination where students might “double-dip” their pipettes into different solutions is to rubber band a test tube to the side of a bottle of liquid. This test tube becomes the holder for the pipette. Students are re ...
CD4 T cells that enter the draining lymph nodes after antigen
... tissue (1). Upon activation, T cells undergo rapid proliferation, differentiating into effectors capable of migrating into sites of infection and producing antimicrobial lymphokines (2). A contraction phase then results in the elimination of the vast majority of T cells, leaving behind a stable popu ...
... tissue (1). Upon activation, T cells undergo rapid proliferation, differentiating into effectors capable of migrating into sites of infection and producing antimicrobial lymphokines (2). A contraction phase then results in the elimination of the vast majority of T cells, leaving behind a stable popu ...
Biology 2121 Review – Cell Structure and Function (Chapter 3
... Know the chemistry behind the polar heads and nonpolar tails Location and functions of the following proteins o Integral and peripheral proteins Role of cholesterol Role of the glycoproteins Function of the gap junctions Structural role of the demosomes, tight junctions 6. Know what mate ...
... Know the chemistry behind the polar heads and nonpolar tails Location and functions of the following proteins o Integral and peripheral proteins Role of cholesterol Role of the glycoproteins Function of the gap junctions Structural role of the demosomes, tight junctions 6. Know what mate ...
Metabolic Basis of Visual Cycle Inhibition by Retinoid and
... fetal bovine serum, 100 units/ml penicillin, and 100 units/ml streptomycin. Cells were maintained at 37 °C in 5% CO2. Twenty-four hours prior to transfection, 2.5 ⫻ 106 Phoenix-Eco cells were seeded on a 6-cm plate and cultured in 6 ml of GM. To generate a transfection mixture, 1 ml of 50 mM HEPES, ...
... fetal bovine serum, 100 units/ml penicillin, and 100 units/ml streptomycin. Cells were maintained at 37 °C in 5% CO2. Twenty-four hours prior to transfection, 2.5 ⫻ 106 Phoenix-Eco cells were seeded on a 6-cm plate and cultured in 6 ml of GM. To generate a transfection mixture, 1 ml of 50 mM HEPES, ...
Cell culture
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Cell_Culture_in_a_tiny_Petri_dish.jpg?width=300)
Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions, generally outside of their natural environment. In practice, the term ""cell culture"" now refers to the culturing of cells derived from multicellular eukaryotes, especially animal cells, in contrast with other types of culture that also grow cells, such as plant tissue culture, fungal culture, and microbiological culture (of microbes). The historical development and methods of cell culture are closely interrelated to those of tissue culture and organ culture. Viral culture is also related, with cells as hosts for the viruses. The laboratory technique of maintaining live cell lines (a population of cells descended from a single cell and containing the same genetic makeup) separated from their original tissue source became more robust in the middle 20th century.