UNIT 1 – FORCE AND MOTION (SEPUP Force and
... B-4.6 Predict inherited traits by using the principles of Mendelian genetics (including segregation, independent assortment, and dominance). B-4.7 Summarize the chromosome theory of inheritance and relate that theory to Gregor Mendel’s principles of genetics. B-4.8 Compare the consequences of mutati ...
... B-4.6 Predict inherited traits by using the principles of Mendelian genetics (including segregation, independent assortment, and dominance). B-4.7 Summarize the chromosome theory of inheritance and relate that theory to Gregor Mendel’s principles of genetics. B-4.8 Compare the consequences of mutati ...
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... During development, Wnt/β-catenin signalling promotes mesoderm formation (Takada et al., 1994) and has biphasic effects during cardiogenesis (Naito et al., 2006). Loss-of-function studies in mice lacking Dkk1 and Dkk2 suggest that Wnt signalling plays an important, although not a defined, role in th ...
... During development, Wnt/β-catenin signalling promotes mesoderm formation (Takada et al., 1994) and has biphasic effects during cardiogenesis (Naito et al., 2006). Loss-of-function studies in mice lacking Dkk1 and Dkk2 suggest that Wnt signalling plays an important, although not a defined, role in th ...
15. THYROID FUNCTION Follicular activity
... respectively are the main regulators of thyroid activity. In response to low temperature the hypothalamus secretes TRH, which reaches the thyrotropes in the hypophysis through the portal system. In the thyrotropes, it stimulates the production of TSH, which through circulation reaches the thyroid gl ...
... respectively are the main regulators of thyroid activity. In response to low temperature the hypothalamus secretes TRH, which reaches the thyrotropes in the hypophysis through the portal system. In the thyrotropes, it stimulates the production of TSH, which through circulation reaches the thyroid gl ...
Short Article Zebrafish Slow Muscle Cell Migration Induces a Wave
... All panels are side views, anterior left (except C″, D″). Donor cells were isochronically transplanted into host embryos at the blastula stage as previously described (Amacher and Kimmel, 1998). The genotype of donors and hosts was determined at the 18- to 24somite stage. (A and B) Wild-type cells d ...
... All panels are side views, anterior left (except C″, D″). Donor cells were isochronically transplanted into host embryos at the blastula stage as previously described (Amacher and Kimmel, 1998). The genotype of donors and hosts was determined at the 18- to 24somite stage. (A and B) Wild-type cells d ...
Mitotic Block Induced in HeLa Cells by Low Concentrations of
... Experimental Strategy. We wanted to determine whether the all cells were in late prometaphase or metaphase, whereas 0.3% of cells were in anaphase;thus, the ratio of cells in anaphaseto cells in mitotic block induced in HeLa cells by low concentrations of pacli taxel was sufficient to induce cell de ...
... Experimental Strategy. We wanted to determine whether the all cells were in late prometaphase or metaphase, whereas 0.3% of cells were in anaphase;thus, the ratio of cells in anaphaseto cells in mitotic block induced in HeLa cells by low concentrations of pacli taxel was sufficient to induce cell de ...
15. THYROID FUNCTION Follicular activity
... stimulation and a molecule of T4 approaches it, then a deiodinase enzyme in the cell membrane converts it to T3. If the cell does not require TH stimulation, then the deiodinase enzyme converts T4 into rT3, thus sparing the cell from the unnecessary stimulation. Thyroid hormones act through the stim ...
... stimulation and a molecule of T4 approaches it, then a deiodinase enzyme in the cell membrane converts it to T3. If the cell does not require TH stimulation, then the deiodinase enzyme converts T4 into rT3, thus sparing the cell from the unnecessary stimulation. Thyroid hormones act through the stim ...
Introduction to Endocrinology
... they bind with receptors and initiate many reactions. Some endocrine hormones affect many different types of cells of the body; for example, growth hormone (from the anterior pituitary gland) causes growth in most parts of the body, and thyroxine (from the thyroid gland) increases the rate of many c ...
... they bind with receptors and initiate many reactions. Some endocrine hormones affect many different types of cells of the body; for example, growth hormone (from the anterior pituitary gland) causes growth in most parts of the body, and thyroxine (from the thyroid gland) increases the rate of many c ...
Chapter 3.05
... 6-O-sulfation of the second Gal residue, inhibit the transfer of a GlcA residue by GlcAT-I.24 Thus, the sulfation of specific positions of the two Gal residues may regulate the expression level of GAGs by affecting the activity of GlcAT-I, although further experiments including the cloning of sulfot ...
... 6-O-sulfation of the second Gal residue, inhibit the transfer of a GlcA residue by GlcAT-I.24 Thus, the sulfation of specific positions of the two Gal residues may regulate the expression level of GAGs by affecting the activity of GlcAT-I, although further experiments including the cloning of sulfot ...
Neutrophil trails guide influenza-specific CD8+ T cells in the airways
... (IgG), mean T SEM, n ≥ 6 mice per group]. (D) Total or virus (DbNP366)-specific CD8+ Tcell numbers were counted from 1A8- or IgG-injected mice by using flow cytometry on day 7 after infection. (E) Numbers of virus-specific memory CD8+ T cells in the indicated tissues of mice with or without neutroph ...
... (IgG), mean T SEM, n ≥ 6 mice per group]. (D) Total or virus (DbNP366)-specific CD8+ Tcell numbers were counted from 1A8- or IgG-injected mice by using flow cytometry on day 7 after infection. (E) Numbers of virus-specific memory CD8+ T cells in the indicated tissues of mice with or without neutroph ...
Tumor Heterogeneity
... There might seem to be overwhelming evidence for tumor heterogeneity. It is important to recognize, however, that much of the evidence is similar in kind. In the first place, cultured, tumor-derived subpopulations are by definition obtained through isolation; consequently, the finding that they diff ...
... There might seem to be overwhelming evidence for tumor heterogeneity. It is important to recognize, however, that much of the evidence is similar in kind. In the first place, cultured, tumor-derived subpopulations are by definition obtained through isolation; consequently, the finding that they diff ...
Tumor Heterogeneity - Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute
... There might seem to be overwhelming evidence for tumor heterogeneity. It is important to recognize, however, that much of the evidence is similar in kind. In the first place, cultured, tumor-derived subpopulations are by definition obtained through isolation; consequently, the finding that they diff ...
... There might seem to be overwhelming evidence for tumor heterogeneity. It is important to recognize, however, that much of the evidence is similar in kind. In the first place, cultured, tumor-derived subpopulations are by definition obtained through isolation; consequently, the finding that they diff ...
POM-POM2/CELLULOSE SYNTHASE
... et al., 2006). Mutations in any of these genes result in epidermal cell swelling, restricted root and hypocotyl elongation, and reduced cellulose content. While it is unlikely that all of these proteins partake in the CESA complex, their functions appear crucial for production of the microfibrils. H ...
... et al., 2006). Mutations in any of these genes result in epidermal cell swelling, restricted root and hypocotyl elongation, and reduced cellulose content. While it is unlikely that all of these proteins partake in the CESA complex, their functions appear crucial for production of the microfibrils. H ...
Nestin Is Required for the Proper SelfRenewal of Neural Stem Cells
... (Fig. 1C) and RT-PCR analysis (data not shown). The absence of nestin protein was further confirmed by Western blot using an antibody against a nestin epitope encoded in exon 4 (Fig. 1D) and immunofluorescence staining (Fig. 1E). Intercross between heterozygotes of C57BL/6J background yielded only thr ...
... (Fig. 1C) and RT-PCR analysis (data not shown). The absence of nestin protein was further confirmed by Western blot using an antibody against a nestin epitope encoded in exon 4 (Fig. 1D) and immunofluorescence staining (Fig. 1E). Intercross between heterozygotes of C57BL/6J background yielded only thr ...
Involvement of reactive oxygen species in lanthanum
... (ICP-AES). Each experiment was repeated six times. Statistical analysis At least 20 roots were analysed for each treatment, and all experiments were repeated at least three times. The results are presented as the mean±SEM. Tukey’s test (P<0.01) was used for statistical analyses. ...
... (ICP-AES). Each experiment was repeated six times. Statistical analysis At least 20 roots were analysed for each treatment, and all experiments were repeated at least three times. The results are presented as the mean±SEM. Tukey’s test (P<0.01) was used for statistical analyses. ...
Inhibition of TCR Signaling by Herpes Simplex Virus
... using a 14-day schedule as previously described (23). The Jurkat immortalized T cell clone E6-1, purchased from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), was maintained between 2 ⫻ 105 and 1 ⫻ 106 cells/ml in RPMI 1640 supplemented with 4 mM HEPES, 3 mM L-glutamine, 10% FCS. Human fibroblasts, obtain ...
... using a 14-day schedule as previously described (23). The Jurkat immortalized T cell clone E6-1, purchased from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), was maintained between 2 ⫻ 105 and 1 ⫻ 106 cells/ml in RPMI 1640 supplemented with 4 mM HEPES, 3 mM L-glutamine, 10% FCS. Human fibroblasts, obtain ...
public exam_photosynthesis
... suspension of bacteria which would migrate to regions with high oxygen concentration. He observed the distribution of the bacteria under different light conditions. The results are shown in the diagram below: ...
... suspension of bacteria which would migrate to regions with high oxygen concentration. He observed the distribution of the bacteria under different light conditions. The results are shown in the diagram below: ...
Coding of Border Ownership in Monkey Visual Cortex
... activity evoked by texture elements. This may be plausible for textured objects, but not for objects of uniform color, because the vast majority of V1 neurons are not activated by uniform surfaces (Hubel and Wiesel, 1968; von der Heydt et al., 1996). In the experiments to be described we have studie ...
... activity evoked by texture elements. This may be plausible for textured objects, but not for objects of uniform color, because the vast majority of V1 neurons are not activated by uniform surfaces (Hubel and Wiesel, 1968; von der Heydt et al., 1996). In the experiments to be described we have studie ...
Skeletal muscle cells
... – innervation is neuroendocrine in nature (i.e. no “motor end plates”) ...
... – innervation is neuroendocrine in nature (i.e. no “motor end plates”) ...
Fig 1.
... 594-conjugated secondary antibodies were from Life Technologies (Grand Island, NY, USA). ...
... 594-conjugated secondary antibodies were from Life Technologies (Grand Island, NY, USA). ...
Review Questions
... The digestive process consists of three subprocesses. Which of these is not part of the digestive process? a) mechanical breakdown of food; b) circulation of food in the blood and lymph; c) absorption of food into the blood or lymph; d) assimilation of the food into cells of the body ANS is c ...
... The digestive process consists of three subprocesses. Which of these is not part of the digestive process? a) mechanical breakdown of food; b) circulation of food in the blood and lymph; c) absorption of food into the blood or lymph; d) assimilation of the food into cells of the body ANS is c ...
Androgens Down-Regulate bcl-2 Protooncogene Expression in ZR
... conducted an immunohistochemistry analysis of Bcl-2 in ZR-75-1 cells. As shown in Fig. 3, practically all of the ZR-75-1 cells cultured in stripped medium without E2 showed strong cytoplasmic staining for Bcl-2. In contrast, a marked decrease in the intensity of Bcl-2 staining was observed when cell ...
... conducted an immunohistochemistry analysis of Bcl-2 in ZR-75-1 cells. As shown in Fig. 3, practically all of the ZR-75-1 cells cultured in stripped medium without E2 showed strong cytoplasmic staining for Bcl-2. In contrast, a marked decrease in the intensity of Bcl-2 staining was observed when cell ...
Chromatin meets the cell cycle
... eukaryotes, and all of these proteins have homologues in plant genomes (Clapier and Cairns, 2009). Chromatin remodellers alter chromatin structure in various way: they can promote nucleosome sliding, ejection, or unwrapping and facilitate the exchange of histone variants (Clapier and Cairns, 2009). ...
... eukaryotes, and all of these proteins have homologues in plant genomes (Clapier and Cairns, 2009). Chromatin remodellers alter chromatin structure in various way: they can promote nucleosome sliding, ejection, or unwrapping and facilitate the exchange of histone variants (Clapier and Cairns, 2009). ...
Cell culture
Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions, generally outside of their natural environment. In practice, the term ""cell culture"" now refers to the culturing of cells derived from multicellular eukaryotes, especially animal cells, in contrast with other types of culture that also grow cells, such as plant tissue culture, fungal culture, and microbiological culture (of microbes). The historical development and methods of cell culture are closely interrelated to those of tissue culture and organ culture. Viral culture is also related, with cells as hosts for the viruses. The laboratory technique of maintaining live cell lines (a population of cells descended from a single cell and containing the same genetic makeup) separated from their original tissue source became more robust in the middle 20th century.