Peeping in on the cytoskeleton: light microscopy
... most appropriate technology for live cell imaging. A direct, quantitative comparison of the three techniques has established that the ratio between the out-of-focus background and in-focus signal (haziness index, H) determines the extent of the useful range of these modalities43. For samples with lo ...
... most appropriate technology for live cell imaging. A direct, quantitative comparison of the three techniques has established that the ratio between the out-of-focus background and in-focus signal (haziness index, H) determines the extent of the useful range of these modalities43. For samples with lo ...
Functions of hormones
... 4. Purkinje cells also receive input from the inferior olivary nucleus via climbing fibers. III. Granular layer 1. The innermost layer contains the cell bodies of two types of cells: the numerous and tiny granule cells, and the larger Golgi cells. 2. Incoming (mossy) fibers enter the granular layer ...
... 4. Purkinje cells also receive input from the inferior olivary nucleus via climbing fibers. III. Granular layer 1. The innermost layer contains the cell bodies of two types of cells: the numerous and tiny granule cells, and the larger Golgi cells. 2. Incoming (mossy) fibers enter the granular layer ...
[9] John Hiscott1,2,3,4, Hakju Kwon1,2 and Pierre Génin1,2. Hostile
... A series of experiments were designed and executed in an effort to help untangle the highly complex interdependencies between the key chemical constituencies responsible for inflammatory responses in CF cells. In these experiments we sought to investigate the interplay between NF-κB transcription an ...
... A series of experiments were designed and executed in an effort to help untangle the highly complex interdependencies between the key chemical constituencies responsible for inflammatory responses in CF cells. In these experiments we sought to investigate the interplay between NF-κB transcription an ...
Neuroblastoma Neuro-2a Cells Fas/APO
... *Department of Cancer Therapeutics, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan; †Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland; §Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; ‡Department of Surgery ...
... *Department of Cancer Therapeutics, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan; †Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland; §Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; ‡Department of Surgery ...
Plastid Ontogeny during Petal Development in Arabidopsis
... membrane and some osmophilic bodies. This development was similar in both arc6 epidermal and mesophyll parenchyma cells. Thus, in spite of the greatly increased plastid size of arc6 chloroplasts, the redifferentiation of these plastids into petal leukoplasts was unaffected, resulting in enlarged leu ...
... membrane and some osmophilic bodies. This development was similar in both arc6 epidermal and mesophyll parenchyma cells. Thus, in spite of the greatly increased plastid size of arc6 chloroplasts, the redifferentiation of these plastids into petal leukoplasts was unaffected, resulting in enlarged leu ...
A tightly regulated inducible expression system for
... dependent upon the activity of the regulated promoter, requiring that cell lines be established under conditions of Tc-induction. This precluded their use for regulated expression of toxic products, limiting the utility of this system for dominant-negative genetic approaches. Subsequent attempts to ...
... dependent upon the activity of the regulated promoter, requiring that cell lines be established under conditions of Tc-induction. This precluded their use for regulated expression of toxic products, limiting the utility of this system for dominant-negative genetic approaches. Subsequent attempts to ...
histology blood vascular system
... The low rate of blood flow and large surface area facilitate the functions of capillaries in • providing nutrients and oxygen to the surrounding tissue • In the absorption of nutrients, waste products and carbon dioxide • In the excretion of waste products from the body • In capillaries, only the tu ...
... The low rate of blood flow and large surface area facilitate the functions of capillaries in • providing nutrients and oxygen to the surrounding tissue • In the absorption of nutrients, waste products and carbon dioxide • In the excretion of waste products from the body • In capillaries, only the tu ...
Structure and Function - Fullfrontalanatomy.com
... Epithelial Tissue • Epithelial tissue, also known as epithelium: – Covers the surface of the body – Lines organs and cavities within the body ...
... Epithelial Tissue • Epithelial tissue, also known as epithelium: – Covers the surface of the body – Lines organs and cavities within the body ...
Recent advances in plant cell wall proteomics
... proteins found in the extracellular matrix of animal cells can be secreted without a classical Nterminal signal peptide [37]. Moreover, several cytosolic proteins called moonlighting proteins, have been experimentally shown to perform a second function outside the cell [38]. A nonclassical secretory ...
... proteins found in the extracellular matrix of animal cells can be secreted without a classical Nterminal signal peptide [37]. Moreover, several cytosolic proteins called moonlighting proteins, have been experimentally shown to perform a second function outside the cell [38]. A nonclassical secretory ...
Regulation of cdk2 Activity in Endothelial Cells That Are Inhibited
... expressed in proliferating ECs. p27 protein was detected in immunoprecipitable complexes with cdk2 or cyclin E in cultures that were contact-inhibited for growth. The functional significance of the p27 induction was indicated by the detection of a heat-stable cdk2 inhibitory activity that was induce ...
... expressed in proliferating ECs. p27 protein was detected in immunoprecipitable complexes with cdk2 or cyclin E in cultures that were contact-inhibited for growth. The functional significance of the p27 induction was indicated by the detection of a heat-stable cdk2 inhibitory activity that was induce ...
The plant endoplasmic reticulum: a cell-wide web
... the new polygons. Thus multiple homotypic membrane fusions can be generated along one ER tubule. In mammals several genes have been shown to have an essential role in homotypic membrane fusion (see [27] and references therein). To date there are no candidate plant proteins mediating such fusion even ...
... the new polygons. Thus multiple homotypic membrane fusions can be generated along one ER tubule. In mammals several genes have been shown to have an essential role in homotypic membrane fusion (see [27] and references therein). To date there are no candidate plant proteins mediating such fusion even ...
Primary cilia of human endothelial cells disassemble under laminar
... 43% positive, E 1e16) to a Caenorhabditis elegans predicted protein C18H9.8, henceforth referred to as Ce-IFT71. It is also similar (24% identical and 49% positive, E 2e36) to a human protein referred to as CMG-1 (Bell et al., 2001). Finally, CMG-1 is nearly identical (87.8% identical and 94.0 ...
... 43% positive, E 1e16) to a Caenorhabditis elegans predicted protein C18H9.8, henceforth referred to as Ce-IFT71. It is also similar (24% identical and 49% positive, E 2e36) to a human protein referred to as CMG-1 (Bell et al., 2001). Finally, CMG-1 is nearly identical (87.8% identical and 94.0 ...
Efficient Procedure and Methods to Determine Critical
... named electro-chemotherapy [5-7] and gene electro-transfer [8,9], respectively. In the past decade, non-thermal irreversible electroporation for the ablation of solid tumors has emerged as a new medical application of electroporation technology [3, 10]. In the food and pharmaceutical application, el ...
... named electro-chemotherapy [5-7] and gene electro-transfer [8,9], respectively. In the past decade, non-thermal irreversible electroporation for the ablation of solid tumors has emerged as a new medical application of electroporation technology [3, 10]. In the food and pharmaceutical application, el ...
Canonical Wnt signaling is required for development of
... comprises a subset of cells in the posterior epiblast adjacent to the extra-embryonic ectoderm that display a characteristic pattern of gene expression (Rossant and Tam, 2004). Subsequently, the streak extends anteriorly as cells of the prospective mesoderm and definitive endoderm ingress through th ...
... comprises a subset of cells in the posterior epiblast adjacent to the extra-embryonic ectoderm that display a characteristic pattern of gene expression (Rossant and Tam, 2004). Subsequently, the streak extends anteriorly as cells of the prospective mesoderm and definitive endoderm ingress through th ...
Characteristics of the Hairy Roots Cultures
... 2.0 g dry weight/liter/day. This growth rate exceeds that of virtually all-conventional roots and is comparable with that of suspension cultures. However, the greatest advantage of hairy roots compared to conventional roots is their ability to form several new growing points and, consequently, later ...
... 2.0 g dry weight/liter/day. This growth rate exceeds that of virtually all-conventional roots and is comparable with that of suspension cultures. However, the greatest advantage of hairy roots compared to conventional roots is their ability to form several new growing points and, consequently, later ...
Journal of Bacteriology
... (Fig. 1, lane I). Crude flagellum preparations from R. leguminosarum 248 grown at various Ca2" concentrations, obtained as described above but without the density centrifugation step, showed that under low-Ca2" conditions the 32 kDa band was missing, whereas the densities of several other bands had ...
... (Fig. 1, lane I). Crude flagellum preparations from R. leguminosarum 248 grown at various Ca2" concentrations, obtained as described above but without the density centrifugation step, showed that under low-Ca2" conditions the 32 kDa band was missing, whereas the densities of several other bands had ...
18. THYROID FUNCTION
... Figure 18-3. General aspects of follicular activity The thyroglobulin is continuously emptied into the center of the follicle where it forms the colloid. This mode continues until the follicle becomes distended and filled with colloid. Once a follicle is filled the cells surrounding that follicle pr ...
... Figure 18-3. General aspects of follicular activity The thyroglobulin is continuously emptied into the center of the follicle where it forms the colloid. This mode continues until the follicle becomes distended and filled with colloid. Once a follicle is filled the cells surrounding that follicle pr ...
When cells get stressed: an integrative view of cellular
... As mentioned above, yet other work has demonstrated that normal cells that are exposed to various physiologic stresses rapidly enter into a state of senescence, doing so within a period as short as several days. Such stresses include DNA-damaging agents, oxidative stress, “oncogenic stress” (due to ...
... As mentioned above, yet other work has demonstrated that normal cells that are exposed to various physiologic stresses rapidly enter into a state of senescence, doing so within a period as short as several days. Such stresses include DNA-damaging agents, oxidative stress, “oncogenic stress” (due to ...
Mitochondria use actin filaments as rails for fast translocation in
... mitochondria moving slowly along microtubules (0.220.05 m m s1), while in our study, mitochondria movement along microtubules was less than our limit of detection (0.3 m m s1). In any case, our in vivo study shows that mitochondria and peroxisomes in Arabidopsis and tobacco move quickly and over ...
... mitochondria moving slowly along microtubules (0.220.05 m m s1), while in our study, mitochondria movement along microtubules was less than our limit of detection (0.3 m m s1). In any case, our in vivo study shows that mitochondria and peroxisomes in Arabidopsis and tobacco move quickly and over ...
Integrins and cell differentiation
... Two different αPS integrins are present at the muscle-tendon cell sites, αPS1 is expressed in the epidermis, and αPS2 is expressed in the muscles. How do they each act to control differentiation of the tendon cells? Integrin function to mediate tendon cell differentiation is required in both the mus ...
... Two different αPS integrins are present at the muscle-tendon cell sites, αPS1 is expressed in the epidermis, and αPS2 is expressed in the muscles. How do they each act to control differentiation of the tendon cells? Integrin function to mediate tendon cell differentiation is required in both the mus ...
A Division-Dependent Compartmental Model for Computing Cell
... of division as a result of the natural decay of CFSE and the turnover of intracellular proteins to which the fluorescent conjugates bind. The advection term in the equation above accounts for this phenomenon using a Gompertz [39] decay velocity v(t, x) = −c(x − xa )e−kt with characteristic parameter ...
... of division as a result of the natural decay of CFSE and the turnover of intracellular proteins to which the fluorescent conjugates bind. The advection term in the equation above accounts for this phenomenon using a Gompertz [39] decay velocity v(t, x) = −c(x − xa )e−kt with characteristic parameter ...
New Insights on Plant Cell Elongation: A Role for Acetylcholine
... stimulus is integrated and highly complex [1,2]. Recently, it has been proposed that auxin transport could involve secretion via an endocytic vesicle recycling process, at least at the root apex [3–8]. This vesicular secretion closely resembles the synaptic communication in animals [9–12] and, at th ...
... stimulus is integrated and highly complex [1,2]. Recently, it has been proposed that auxin transport could involve secretion via an endocytic vesicle recycling process, at least at the root apex [3–8]. This vesicular secretion closely resembles the synaptic communication in animals [9–12] and, at th ...
Similarities and differences in the responses of microorganisms to
... JAC vol.52 no.5 © The British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 2003; all rights reserved. ...
... JAC vol.52 no.5 © The British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 2003; all rights reserved. ...
3 Ultradian Growth Oscillations in Organs: Physiological Signal or
... 1964). To be prudent, we should learn more about the mechanism of each type of movement before equating them. Whether large and regular or small and erratic, circumnutations are widely ascribed to differential growth. But this need not be the case. In many plants, movements of leaves have periods of ...
... 1964). To be prudent, we should learn more about the mechanism of each type of movement before equating them. Whether large and regular or small and erratic, circumnutations are widely ascribed to differential growth. But this need not be the case. In many plants, movements of leaves have periods of ...
Cell culture
Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions, generally outside of their natural environment. In practice, the term ""cell culture"" now refers to the culturing of cells derived from multicellular eukaryotes, especially animal cells, in contrast with other types of culture that also grow cells, such as plant tissue culture, fungal culture, and microbiological culture (of microbes). The historical development and methods of cell culture are closely interrelated to those of tissue culture and organ culture. Viral culture is also related, with cells as hosts for the viruses. The laboratory technique of maintaining live cell lines (a population of cells descended from a single cell and containing the same genetic makeup) separated from their original tissue source became more robust in the middle 20th century.