Modulation of Retinoblastoma and Retinoblastoma
... the results suggest that these DNA tumor viruses may stimulate cellular proliferation by binding to and sequestering Rb protein in a manner that mimics its loss in naturally occurring tumors. ...
... the results suggest that these DNA tumor viruses may stimulate cellular proliferation by binding to and sequestering Rb protein in a manner that mimics its loss in naturally occurring tumors. ...
The Drosophila F-box protein Fbxl7 binds to the protocadherin Fat
... Reduced signaling via the Hippo pathway results in increased activity of the transcriptional co-activator Yki. In Fbxl7 mutant clones in the eye imaginal disc, expression of a diap1-GFP reporter gene (Zhang et al., 2008) was increased, especially posterior to the morphogenetic furrow (Figure 1N–N″) ...
... Reduced signaling via the Hippo pathway results in increased activity of the transcriptional co-activator Yki. In Fbxl7 mutant clones in the eye imaginal disc, expression of a diap1-GFP reporter gene (Zhang et al., 2008) was increased, especially posterior to the morphogenetic furrow (Figure 1N–N″) ...
Presence of exposed phospholipids in the outer membrane of Vibrio
... Isolation and analysis of LPS, lipid A and phospholipids. Isolation of LPS from crude cell envelopes, and subsequent separation of the lipid A and polysaccharide moieties were carried out as described previously (Paul et al., 1990). LPS was labelled by growing cells in the presence of [14C]acetate [ ...
... Isolation and analysis of LPS, lipid A and phospholipids. Isolation of LPS from crude cell envelopes, and subsequent separation of the lipid A and polysaccharide moieties were carried out as described previously (Paul et al., 1990). LPS was labelled by growing cells in the presence of [14C]acetate [ ...
“Understanding dissemination of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from
... alveolar barriers in triplicate for each strain. Inocula CFUs were verified by plating serial ...
... alveolar barriers in triplicate for each strain. Inocula CFUs were verified by plating serial ...
Starfish ApDOCK protein essentially functions in larval
... stage, the number of mesenchyme cells ranges from 150 to 190 per larva, corresponding to B1% of the total cell number. Most of these cells are distributed beneath the ectodermal and endodermal walls, which are composed of an epithelial monolayer. Each mesenchyme cell develops cellular processes to c ...
... stage, the number of mesenchyme cells ranges from 150 to 190 per larva, corresponding to B1% of the total cell number. Most of these cells are distributed beneath the ectodermal and endodermal walls, which are composed of an epithelial monolayer. Each mesenchyme cell develops cellular processes to c ...
Functional Utrastructure of Genlisea (Lentibulariaceae) Digestive
... that their function and mechanism were also similar. For a proper understanding of the functions of the trap, detailed knowledge of the ultrastructure of these hairs is required. On that basis, comparison of digestive hair ultrastructure in Pinguicula, Utricularia and Genlisea, revealing structural ...
... that their function and mechanism were also similar. For a proper understanding of the functions of the trap, detailed knowledge of the ultrastructure of these hairs is required. On that basis, comparison of digestive hair ultrastructure in Pinguicula, Utricularia and Genlisea, revealing structural ...
Ultrastructure of the body cavities in phylactolaemata Bryozoa
... thick ECM via hemidesmosomes. On each lateral side one peritoneal cell is located. These do not reside entirely on the ECM, but cover each one subperitoneal cell, which differs from the former in its cytoplasmic composition. The cytoplasm is electron-lucent, without conspicuous amounts of ribosomes ...
... thick ECM via hemidesmosomes. On each lateral side one peritoneal cell is located. These do not reside entirely on the ECM, but cover each one subperitoneal cell, which differs from the former in its cytoplasmic composition. The cytoplasm is electron-lucent, without conspicuous amounts of ribosomes ...
SIMULATION OF PROKARYOTIC GENETIC CIRCUITS
... into the regulatory logic so that the cell can adapt to the needs of the moment. Receptors on the cell surface can respond to specific chemical species and affect the regulatory logic by molecular signaling using signal transduction cascades (17). Other signals may affect reactions in the cascade to ...
... into the regulatory logic so that the cell can adapt to the needs of the moment. Receptors on the cell surface can respond to specific chemical species and affect the regulatory logic by molecular signaling using signal transduction cascades (17). Other signals may affect reactions in the cascade to ...
Control of cell cycle transcription during G1 and S phases
... E2F family and pocket proteins. In human cells, G1–S transcription depends on the E2F family of transcription factors and their dimerization partner proteins. Misregulation of E2F function is frequently found in cancer, which further supports the role of G1–S trans cription in oncogenesis23–28. E2F ...
... E2F family and pocket proteins. In human cells, G1–S transcription depends on the E2F family of transcription factors and their dimerization partner proteins. Misregulation of E2F function is frequently found in cancer, which further supports the role of G1–S trans cription in oncogenesis23–28. E2F ...
The effects of extracellular pH on immune function
... activating a region of the inner cytoplasmic surface up to a critical set-point of pHi, beyond which further increases in the cytosolic H⫹ concentration results in diminished activity of the ...
... activating a region of the inner cytoplasmic surface up to a critical set-point of pHi, beyond which further increases in the cytosolic H⫹ concentration results in diminished activity of the ...
About 100 cases of small cell carcinoma
... series of patients with cancer. [155], [156] • They can be completely asymptomatic, [157] or present clinically as a large bleeding ulcer mimicking a primary carcinoma (39% of cases), or as submucosal tumor (51% of cases).[156] • When diagnosed endoscopically, 65% to 80% of gastric metastases are so ...
... series of patients with cancer. [155], [156] • They can be completely asymptomatic, [157] or present clinically as a large bleeding ulcer mimicking a primary carcinoma (39% of cases), or as submucosal tumor (51% of cases).[156] • When diagnosed endoscopically, 65% to 80% of gastric metastases are so ...
Understanding How Lipopolysaccharide Impacts CD4 T Cell Immunity
... numbers. T cells that are primed in an LPS-stimulated environment are programmed for long-term survival following clonal expansion. LPS is well-known for generating Th1 responses, however, under appropriate conditions it can also support differentiation into other T helper lineages, demonstrating it ...
... numbers. T cells that are primed in an LPS-stimulated environment are programmed for long-term survival following clonal expansion. LPS is well-known for generating Th1 responses, however, under appropriate conditions it can also support differentiation into other T helper lineages, demonstrating it ...
Coordination of Cell Cycle Progression and Mitotic
... expression varies over time, but at each time is the same for both strains. The alternative hypothesis is that the expression level differs between strains, this difference being the same at each time point. If there is a difference between strains that changes over time, this will be viewed as nois ...
... expression varies over time, but at each time is the same for both strains. The alternative hypothesis is that the expression level differs between strains, this difference being the same at each time point. If there is a difference between strains that changes over time, this will be viewed as nois ...
Culm strenth of a rice brittle mutant
... In rice, at least six brittle culm mutants (bc1 to bc6) have been reported. These brittle mutants have been genetically identified in rice and mapped onto genetic map as follows: bc1 on chromosome 3, bc2 on chromosome5, bc3 and bc5 on chromosome 2, bc4 on chromosome 6 (Nagato and Yoshimura, 1998), ...
... In rice, at least six brittle culm mutants (bc1 to bc6) have been reported. These brittle mutants have been genetically identified in rice and mapped onto genetic map as follows: bc1 on chromosome 3, bc2 on chromosome5, bc3 and bc5 on chromosome 2, bc4 on chromosome 6 (Nagato and Yoshimura, 1998), ...
Transcripts of the npm-alk fusion gene in anaplastic large cell
... The tumor cells often exhibit a cohesive pattern of growth and strongly express CD30 (Ki-l), which is an activationassociated marker belonging to the nerve growth factorhumor necrosis factor receptor family and expressed by subsets of activated T and B cells, as well as by Reed-Stemberg cells in Hod ...
... The tumor cells often exhibit a cohesive pattern of growth and strongly express CD30 (Ki-l), which is an activationassociated marker belonging to the nerve growth factorhumor necrosis factor receptor family and expressed by subsets of activated T and B cells, as well as by Reed-Stemberg cells in Hod ...
Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist (IL-1Ra) Is an Acute-Phase
... The acute-phase response refers to a variety of metabolic and biochemical changes that accompany infection, trauma, or immunologically mediated inflammation. The acute-phase proteins (APP),1 considered to be the hallmark of the acute-phase response, include a variety of secreted proteins the levels ...
... The acute-phase response refers to a variety of metabolic and biochemical changes that accompany infection, trauma, or immunologically mediated inflammation. The acute-phase proteins (APP),1 considered to be the hallmark of the acute-phase response, include a variety of secreted proteins the levels ...
chiasma formation occurs at or following mid-prophase
... (plate I, fig. B) is approximately 2 days. Labelled cells appeared in pachytene at day 3 (plate I, fig. C). It requires approximately 5 days for cells labelled during pre-meiotic S to reach diplotene (plate I, fig. D). Chiasma frequencies are presented in text-figs. 1 and 2. The normal mean chiasma ...
... (plate I, fig. B) is approximately 2 days. Labelled cells appeared in pachytene at day 3 (plate I, fig. C). It requires approximately 5 days for cells labelled during pre-meiotic S to reach diplotene (plate I, fig. D). Chiasma frequencies are presented in text-figs. 1 and 2. The normal mean chiasma ...
Cunningham_etal_2012_Experimental
... compare them directly with living organisms [18]. Although patterns of decay in animal embryos are now being studied [17,19–22], nothing is known about decay processes or preservation potential in giant sulphur-oxidizing bacteria. Previous studies on decay of bacteria (see earlier studies [23,24] fo ...
... compare them directly with living organisms [18]. Although patterns of decay in animal embryos are now being studied [17,19–22], nothing is known about decay processes or preservation potential in giant sulphur-oxidizing bacteria. Previous studies on decay of bacteria (see earlier studies [23,24] fo ...
Gutsy moves in mice: cellular and molecular dynamics of endoderm
... The concept that DE emerges at the distal tip of the conceptus resulted from fate-mapping studies that showed that DE precursors reside near the APS [17 –19]. The primitive streak is a dynamic structure: it starts out as a small region of cellular ingression in the most posterior part of the epiblas ...
... The concept that DE emerges at the distal tip of the conceptus resulted from fate-mapping studies that showed that DE precursors reside near the APS [17 –19]. The primitive streak is a dynamic structure: it starts out as a small region of cellular ingression in the most posterior part of the epiblas ...
Control of Root Cap Formation by MicroRNA
... analysis. Compared with the wild type, the root length of the Pro35S:MIR160c seedlings was reduced and the lateral root number was increased (Table 1). A more drastic phenotypic change of the Pro35S:MIR160c plants is that their roots did not grow downward in response to gravity; instead, the root ti ...
... analysis. Compared with the wild type, the root length of the Pro35S:MIR160c seedlings was reduced and the lateral root number was increased (Table 1). A more drastic phenotypic change of the Pro35S:MIR160c plants is that their roots did not grow downward in response to gravity; instead, the root ti ...
Cell culture
Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions, generally outside of their natural environment. In practice, the term ""cell culture"" now refers to the culturing of cells derived from multicellular eukaryotes, especially animal cells, in contrast with other types of culture that also grow cells, such as plant tissue culture, fungal culture, and microbiological culture (of microbes). The historical development and methods of cell culture are closely interrelated to those of tissue culture and organ culture. Viral culture is also related, with cells as hosts for the viruses. The laboratory technique of maintaining live cell lines (a population of cells descended from a single cell and containing the same genetic makeup) separated from their original tissue source became more robust in the middle 20th century.