Mechanism of Uptake and Retrograde Axonal Transport of
... types of membrane during exocytotic transmitter release, vesicle membrane seems to be retrieved selectively (25, 26, 38, 67). Less clear is the origin of synaptic vesicles. Vesicles, especially large dense-core vesicles in adrenergic or serotoninergic neurons, are rapidly transported from the cell b ...
... types of membrane during exocytotic transmitter release, vesicle membrane seems to be retrieved selectively (25, 26, 38, 67). Less clear is the origin of synaptic vesicles. Vesicles, especially large dense-core vesicles in adrenergic or serotoninergic neurons, are rapidly transported from the cell b ...
Regulation of Tcell receptor signaling by the actin cytoskeleton and
... translate radially within the synapse face, aggregating into a central supramolecular-activating cluster (cSMAC) (17). These synapses resemble the original description of the synapse, with TCRs occupying the interior of the interface, the integrin pair LFA-1-ICAM occupying the peripheral SMAC (pSMAC ...
... translate radially within the synapse face, aggregating into a central supramolecular-activating cluster (cSMAC) (17). These synapses resemble the original description of the synapse, with TCRs occupying the interior of the interface, the integrin pair LFA-1-ICAM occupying the peripheral SMAC (pSMAC ...
Mitochondrial permeability transition pore as a target for - AJP
... order of 20 –30%, which compares favorably with other studies in which human myocytes were used (20). After isolation, the cells were allowed to stabilize for 60 min in oxygenated medium calcium (MC) ...
... order of 20 –30%, which compares favorably with other studies in which human myocytes were used (20). After isolation, the cells were allowed to stabilize for 60 min in oxygenated medium calcium (MC) ...
Linköping University Post Print Neutralizing activity and cellular immune
... 3.2 Induction of HIV-1 reactive antibodies in sera and at mucosal sites after immunization with apoptotic HIV-1/MuLV infected cells The presence of HIV-1 reactive IgG and IgA was measured in mice after different routes of administration with apoptotic infected cells (Table 1). The mice were immunize ...
... 3.2 Induction of HIV-1 reactive antibodies in sera and at mucosal sites after immunization with apoptotic HIV-1/MuLV infected cells The presence of HIV-1 reactive IgG and IgA was measured in mice after different routes of administration with apoptotic infected cells (Table 1). The mice were immunize ...
Dynamin as a mover and pincher during cell migration and invasion
... with lipids, actin and several new binding partners are providing some insight into its lamellipodial localization and support this notion. Dynamin and actin dynamics Several seminal studies provided the initial impetus for pursuing a relationship between dynamin and the actin cytoskeleton. Initiall ...
... with lipids, actin and several new binding partners are providing some insight into its lamellipodial localization and support this notion. Dynamin and actin dynamics Several seminal studies provided the initial impetus for pursuing a relationship between dynamin and the actin cytoskeleton. Initiall ...
Looking for a strong promoter for Physcomitrella
... necessary to find promoters that show higher expression levels and that have a more ubiquitous expression over time, tissues and treatments. Of further interest are cell or tissue specific promoters that can be used for targeted gene expression. With expression data available for an increasing numbe ...
... necessary to find promoters that show higher expression levels and that have a more ubiquitous expression over time, tissues and treatments. Of further interest are cell or tissue specific promoters that can be used for targeted gene expression. With expression data available for an increasing numbe ...
ESCRT requirements for EIAV budding | SpringerLink
... (compare lane 3 to lanes 1 and 2), whereas TSG101 depletion actually increased virion release and infectivity modestly (lane 4, 8- and 2-fold increases, respectively). These results are consistent with previous reports that the EIAV p9Gag polypeptide contains a functional YPDL late domain that recru ...
... (compare lane 3 to lanes 1 and 2), whereas TSG101 depletion actually increased virion release and infectivity modestly (lane 4, 8- and 2-fold increases, respectively). These results are consistent with previous reports that the EIAV p9Gag polypeptide contains a functional YPDL late domain that recru ...
Mitochondria Know No Boundaries: Mechanisms and Functions of
... Other groups have demonstrated that the horizontal cell-tocell transfer of mitochondria and mitochondrial genome can occur among many other mammalian cells in vitro and in vivo (Berridge et al., 2016). Mitochondrial transfer supports the exogenous replacement of damaged mitochondria, thereby rescuin ...
... Other groups have demonstrated that the horizontal cell-tocell transfer of mitochondria and mitochondrial genome can occur among many other mammalian cells in vitro and in vivo (Berridge et al., 2016). Mitochondrial transfer supports the exogenous replacement of damaged mitochondria, thereby rescuin ...
Mechanisms of size control Christopher J Potter* and
... [2]. Thus, it is likely that organ size control does exert its effect through cell proliferation. It is possible that organ size control connects with the regulation of cell proliferation through a unique mechanism. If such a mechanism is disrupted, it is predicted that changes in cell numbers shoul ...
... [2]. Thus, it is likely that organ size control does exert its effect through cell proliferation. It is possible that organ size control connects with the regulation of cell proliferation through a unique mechanism. If such a mechanism is disrupted, it is predicted that changes in cell numbers shoul ...
Domain conservation in several volvocalean cell wall - UvA-DARE
... carry ProProXYLys repeats. However, as the number of characterized H R G P s has increased, considerable variation has been found in the canonical repeats, and there has been a growing tendency to emphasize the novelty of these variants (e.g., monocot vs. dicot extensins). Recently, Kieliszewski and ...
... carry ProProXYLys repeats. However, as the number of characterized H R G P s has increased, considerable variation has been found in the canonical repeats, and there has been a growing tendency to emphasize the novelty of these variants (e.g., monocot vs. dicot extensins). Recently, Kieliszewski and ...
Applied and Environmental Microbiology
... form stable genomic insertions in a variety of bacteria (59, 60, 61, 67), according to the protocol described by Unge et al. (61). Briefly, wild-type strain PsJN was grown in King’s B medium (26) in 5-ml cultures at 20°C until the optical density at 600 nm was 0.7. The bacterial cells were then pell ...
... form stable genomic insertions in a variety of bacteria (59, 60, 61, 67), according to the protocol described by Unge et al. (61). Briefly, wild-type strain PsJN was grown in King’s B medium (26) in 5-ml cultures at 20°C until the optical density at 600 nm was 0.7. The bacterial cells were then pell ...
Enzymology of Plasma Membranes of Insect Intestinal Cells`
... I address the topic of "Enzymology of Membrane Fractions from Insect Intestinal Cells." I viewed this suggestion as an opportunity to assess the current status of the development of methods for isolation of plasma membranes from insect intestinal cells and identification of enzyme markers for differ ...
... I address the topic of "Enzymology of Membrane Fractions from Insect Intestinal Cells." I viewed this suggestion as an opportunity to assess the current status of the development of methods for isolation of plasma membranes from insect intestinal cells and identification of enzyme markers for differ ...
Role of Topoisomerase II@3in the Resistance of 9-OH
... genes with distinct but related sequences that, in human cells, are located on chromosomes 17 and 3 for the a and (3 enzymes, respec tively (5, 6). Transcription of the a gene varies as a function of cell cycle position; it is 15-fold higher in late-S and 02-M phases than in 01 phase (7, 8). The lev ...
... genes with distinct but related sequences that, in human cells, are located on chromosomes 17 and 3 for the a and (3 enzymes, respec tively (5, 6). Transcription of the a gene varies as a function of cell cycle position; it is 15-fold higher in late-S and 02-M phases than in 01 phase (7, 8). The lev ...
Microbial Immune Suppression Mediated by Direct Engagement of Inhibitory Fc Receptor
... genes). Fc␥RI, Fc␥RIIA, and Fc␥RIII are activating receptors associated with ITAM (15), whereas Fc␥RIIB is an inhibitory receptor that has an ITIM in its cytoplasmic tail (16). Many immunosuppressive signals described for Fc␥RIIB such as inhibition of phagocytosis of IgG-coated particles (17), calci ...
... genes). Fc␥RI, Fc␥RIIA, and Fc␥RIII are activating receptors associated with ITAM (15), whereas Fc␥RIIB is an inhibitory receptor that has an ITIM in its cytoplasmic tail (16). Many immunosuppressive signals described for Fc␥RIIB such as inhibition of phagocytosis of IgG-coated particles (17), calci ...
IL-15 and dermal fibroblasts induce proliferation of natural
... (TCR) stimulation and interleukin-2 (IL-2). Human natural Tregs can be expanded from the blood of both humans and mice by use of repeated cycles of intense TCR signaling and costimulation in the presence of high levels of IL-2.11 These conditions provide robust proliferation of natural Tregs in vitr ...
... (TCR) stimulation and interleukin-2 (IL-2). Human natural Tregs can be expanded from the blood of both humans and mice by use of repeated cycles of intense TCR signaling and costimulation in the presence of high levels of IL-2.11 These conditions provide robust proliferation of natural Tregs in vitr ...
1 Cell wall integrity controls root elongation via ACC Corresponding
... Aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG), or with silver ions (as silver thiosulfate) to block ethylene perception. While silver had no significant effect on cell length in control or isoxaben-treated roots, AVG fully restored elongation in the presence of isoxaben (Fig. 2A). Often roots treated with both isox ...
... Aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG), or with silver ions (as silver thiosulfate) to block ethylene perception. While silver had no significant effect on cell length in control or isoxaben-treated roots, AVG fully restored elongation in the presence of isoxaben (Fig. 2A). Often roots treated with both isox ...
HIV-1 Evolves into a Nonsyncytium-Inducing Virus upon Prolonged
... LAI env to replicate in a set of CD4-positive human osteosarcoma (HOS) cells expressing different chemokine receptors (CCR2b, CCR3, CCR4, CCR5, and CXCR4) (Deng et al., 1996). However, this approach failed because LAI env did not replicate in any of these cells, including the HOS-CXCR4 cell line. Ap ...
... LAI env to replicate in a set of CD4-positive human osteosarcoma (HOS) cells expressing different chemokine receptors (CCR2b, CCR3, CCR4, CCR5, and CXCR4) (Deng et al., 1996). However, this approach failed because LAI env did not replicate in any of these cells, including the HOS-CXCR4 cell line. Ap ...
DAZL is essential for stress granule formation
... nuages and SGs are the same structures in heat-stressed mice, we performed co-immunostaining analysis with antibodies specific to DAZL and TDRD1. The results showed that heat stress did not affect the subcellular distribution of the TDRD1-positive granules (Fig. 2C). Furthermore, the DAZL-containing ...
... nuages and SGs are the same structures in heat-stressed mice, we performed co-immunostaining analysis with antibodies specific to DAZL and TDRD1. The results showed that heat stress did not affect the subcellular distribution of the TDRD1-positive granules (Fig. 2C). Furthermore, the DAZL-containing ...
Peripheral T cell Tolerance
... 1975 Lafferty & Cunningham T helper cells die when they see antigen unless rescued by co-stimulation(signal two) from APCs. ...
... 1975 Lafferty & Cunningham T helper cells die when they see antigen unless rescued by co-stimulation(signal two) from APCs. ...
Biology+Term+List
... binary fission The method by which bacteria reproduce. The circular DNA molecule is replicated; then the cell splits into two identical cells, each containing an exact copy of the original cell's DNA. binding sites Areas on the ribosome within which tRNA-amino acid complexes fit during protein synth ...
... binary fission The method by which bacteria reproduce. The circular DNA molecule is replicated; then the cell splits into two identical cells, each containing an exact copy of the original cell's DNA. binding sites Areas on the ribosome within which tRNA-amino acid complexes fit during protein synth ...
Controls T Cell Differentiation RAGE Ligation Affects T Cell
... Mixed lymphocyte reactions. To study the responses of T cells to alloantigens, MLRs were performed with purified T cells from RAGE⫺/⫺ or WT B6 mice as responders and irradiated (3000 rad) T-depleted BALB/c splenocytes as stimulators. T cells were isolated using Pan T Cell Isolation Kit (Miltenyi Bio ...
... Mixed lymphocyte reactions. To study the responses of T cells to alloantigens, MLRs were performed with purified T cells from RAGE⫺/⫺ or WT B6 mice as responders and irradiated (3000 rad) T-depleted BALB/c splenocytes as stimulators. T cells were isolated using Pan T Cell Isolation Kit (Miltenyi Bio ...
Mastoparan Alters Subcellular Distribution of
... 1998). Importantly, recent genetic studies have revealed that profilin plays critical roles for basic processes of plant development (Ramachandran et al. 2000, McKinney et al. 2001). Profilins from non-plant systems are well known to interact with several classes of proteins that contain long contin ...
... 1998). Importantly, recent genetic studies have revealed that profilin plays critical roles for basic processes of plant development (Ramachandran et al. 2000, McKinney et al. 2001). Profilins from non-plant systems are well known to interact with several classes of proteins that contain long contin ...
344_final version - OPUS at UTS
... impurities and operational conditions (e.g. temperature, relative humidity, pressure, feed starvation, load change, start-up and shut-down cycling, potential cycling, freezing or thawing). Therefore, further research and developments interests are to address the issues related to the degradation or ...
... impurities and operational conditions (e.g. temperature, relative humidity, pressure, feed starvation, load change, start-up and shut-down cycling, potential cycling, freezing or thawing). Therefore, further research and developments interests are to address the issues related to the degradation or ...
Calcium-Dependent Prevention of Neuronal Apoptosis by Lithium Ion
... LY294002, U-73122 and U-73343 were obtained from Calbiochem (La Jolla, CA). Phosphotyrosine antibody 4G10 was obtained from Upstate Biotechnology (Lake Placid, NY). IP3 assay kit was purchased from Amersham Biosciences (Piscataway, NJ). Cell Culture. Cortical cells were prepared from fetal ICR mice ...
... LY294002, U-73122 and U-73343 were obtained from Calbiochem (La Jolla, CA). Phosphotyrosine antibody 4G10 was obtained from Upstate Biotechnology (Lake Placid, NY). IP3 assay kit was purchased from Amersham Biosciences (Piscataway, NJ). Cell Culture. Cortical cells were prepared from fetal ICR mice ...
Cell culture
Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions, generally outside of their natural environment. In practice, the term ""cell culture"" now refers to the culturing of cells derived from multicellular eukaryotes, especially animal cells, in contrast with other types of culture that also grow cells, such as plant tissue culture, fungal culture, and microbiological culture (of microbes). The historical development and methods of cell culture are closely interrelated to those of tissue culture and organ culture. Viral culture is also related, with cells as hosts for the viruses. The laboratory technique of maintaining live cell lines (a population of cells descended from a single cell and containing the same genetic makeup) separated from their original tissue source became more robust in the middle 20th century.