- KoreaMed Synapse
... BALB/c mice (6). An Eomes＋ CD8 T cell population with an innate phenotype was also found in human fetal thymus and spleen (9). In addition to innate CD8 T cell generation in an IL-4 rich intrathymic environment, similar cells have also been found in peripheral tissues of WT mice (10,11). Using MHC/p ...
... BALB/c mice (6). An Eomes＋ CD8 T cell population with an innate phenotype was also found in human fetal thymus and spleen (9). In addition to innate CD8 T cell generation in an IL-4 rich intrathymic environment, similar cells have also been found in peripheral tissues of WT mice (10,11). Using MHC/p ...
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... of the mouse (Diwan & Stevens, 1976), thus indicating that the mechanism of definitive germ layer formation might be the same in both species. Moreover, this principle of gastrulation (origin of all three definitive embryonic germ layers from the primary ectoderm) seems to be even more general, for ...
... of the mouse (Diwan & Stevens, 1976), thus indicating that the mechanism of definitive germ layer formation might be the same in both species. Moreover, this principle of gastrulation (origin of all three definitive embryonic germ layers from the primary ectoderm) seems to be even more general, for ...
Chapter 6 Microscopy (AFM)
... untreated controls, and these changes comprised altered geometric contour, swelling, and lysis with leakage of intracellular contents. Additionally, the AFM technique afforded the further capacity to describe distinctive ultra-structural changes to cell wall morphology following exposure to the aque ...
... untreated controls, and these changes comprised altered geometric contour, swelling, and lysis with leakage of intracellular contents. Additionally, the AFM technique afforded the further capacity to describe distinctive ultra-structural changes to cell wall morphology following exposure to the aque ...
5. Parvoviral Host Range and Cell Entry Mechanisms.
... VP2 proteins specified by the prototype MVM strain, MVMp, and those of the ‘‘immunosuppressive’’ strain, MVMi, are both 97.8%, and for the NS1 and VP2 proteins of FPV and CPV are 99.0% and 98.6%, respectively. Patterns of parvovirus-induced disease are largely determined by the fact that these virus ...
... VP2 proteins specified by the prototype MVM strain, MVMp, and those of the ‘‘immunosuppressive’’ strain, MVMi, are both 97.8%, and for the NS1 and VP2 proteins of FPV and CPV are 99.0% and 98.6%, respectively. Patterns of parvovirus-induced disease are largely determined by the fact that these virus ...
Formation of Fe(III)-minerals by Fe(II)
... every case, dissolved Fe(II) is used as the substrate for oxidation, and there is no evidence for active dissolution of poorly soluble Fe(II)-minerals by biogenic organic ligands. Poorly crystalline Fe(III) (hydr)oxide mineral phases are initially precipitated, and as they age, rapidly convert to th ...
... every case, dissolved Fe(II) is used as the substrate for oxidation, and there is no evidence for active dissolution of poorly soluble Fe(II)-minerals by biogenic organic ligands. Poorly crystalline Fe(III) (hydr)oxide mineral phases are initially precipitated, and as they age, rapidly convert to th ...
NUCLEAR AND CYTOPLASMIC STAINING
... The cytoskeleton (also CSK) is a cellular "scaffolding" or "skeleton" contained within the cytoplasm and is made out of protein. The cytoskeleton is present in all cells; it was once thought to be uni ...
... The cytoskeleton (also CSK) is a cellular "scaffolding" or "skeleton" contained within the cytoplasm and is made out of protein. The cytoskeleton is present in all cells; it was once thought to be uni ...
Zhang YA, Okada A, Lew CH, McConnell SK
... sequence can therefore function as an NLS. Active Import of GFP–Otx1 into Cell Nuclei The experiments discussed above suggest but do not prove that GFP–Otx1 fusion proteins, which contain an NLS are transported actively into cell nuclei, and those that lack an NLS are not. Because the size of GFP–Ot ...
... sequence can therefore function as an NLS. Active Import of GFP–Otx1 into Cell Nuclei The experiments discussed above suggest but do not prove that GFP–Otx1 fusion proteins, which contain an NLS are transported actively into cell nuclei, and those that lack an NLS are not. Because the size of GFP–Ot ...
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... or their destruction by X-irradiation are not infallible methods for ensuring complete removal or destruction of all somitic cells (Mauger, 1970; Kieny et al. 1972; Chevallier etal. 1978). Furthermore, it is important that the sites in which the isolated wing tissues are grown are not accessible to ...
... or their destruction by X-irradiation are not infallible methods for ensuring complete removal or destruction of all somitic cells (Mauger, 1970; Kieny et al. 1972; Chevallier etal. 1978). Furthermore, it is important that the sites in which the isolated wing tissues are grown are not accessible to ...
Angiotensin-Induced Desensitization of the Phosphoinositide
... Inositol, 1251-Ang II, and [3H]1P3 were from NEN Research Products, Wilmington, Del., and Dowex AG1-X8 (formate form) was from Bio-Rad, Rockville Centre, N.Y. All other agents were purchased as reagent grade. Tissue Culture Primary cultures of neonatal rat cardiac ventricular myocytes were prepared ...
... Inositol, 1251-Ang II, and [3H]1P3 were from NEN Research Products, Wilmington, Del., and Dowex AG1-X8 (formate form) was from Bio-Rad, Rockville Centre, N.Y. All other agents were purchased as reagent grade. Tissue Culture Primary cultures of neonatal rat cardiac ventricular myocytes were prepared ...
Actin-dependent vacuolar occupancy of the cell determines auxin
... Auxin controls the abundance of vacuolar SNARE complex components, which are required for its effect on vacuolar morphology and cellular growth repression (15). The root growth of the vacuolar SNARE mutant vti11 was less affected than that of wild-type plants when germinated on medium containing Lat ...
... Auxin controls the abundance of vacuolar SNARE complex components, which are required for its effect on vacuolar morphology and cellular growth repression (15). The root growth of the vacuolar SNARE mutant vti11 was less affected than that of wild-type plants when germinated on medium containing Lat ...
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... of C44H4.2, introducing a stop codon into the 11th LRR. A 5.3 kb genomic fragment encompassing C44H4.2 and no other genes rescued mn105 lethality. RNAi against C44H4.2 also recapitulated some aspects of the let-4 phenotype (see below). Although C44H4.2 has been previously called sym-5 (synthetic let ...
... of C44H4.2, introducing a stop codon into the 11th LRR. A 5.3 kb genomic fragment encompassing C44H4.2 and no other genes rescued mn105 lethality. RNAi against C44H4.2 also recapitulated some aspects of the let-4 phenotype (see below). Although C44H4.2 has been previously called sym-5 (synthetic let ...
arc6, an extreme chloroplast division mutant of Arabidopsis also
... leaf tissue (Pyke et al., 1994). To examine the shoot apical meristem, whole seedlings were embedded intact and sectioned longitudinally. Root tips were dissected from 5-day-old seedlings and fixed and embedded using the same protocols. Measurements of plastid profiles from electron micrographs were ...
... leaf tissue (Pyke et al., 1994). To examine the shoot apical meristem, whole seedlings were embedded intact and sectioned longitudinally. Root tips were dissected from 5-day-old seedlings and fixed and embedded using the same protocols. Measurements of plastid profiles from electron micrographs were ...
Neural crest-derived stem cells
... culture data turned out to be highly relevant in vivo: Wnt/β-catenin signal activation instructs NCSCs to adopt a sensory neuronal fate in vitro, promotes the sensory lineage at the expense of all other neural crest cell fates in vivo, and is required for sensory neurogenesis in vitro and in vivo (H ...
... culture data turned out to be highly relevant in vivo: Wnt/β-catenin signal activation instructs NCSCs to adopt a sensory neuronal fate in vitro, promotes the sensory lineage at the expense of all other neural crest cell fates in vivo, and is required for sensory neurogenesis in vitro and in vivo (H ...
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... generally displays a patchy labelling, often associated with the outer surface of the plasma membrane (Fig. 5C,F). The intensity and the regularity of this staining varies from one ...
... generally displays a patchy labelling, often associated with the outer surface of the plasma membrane (Fig. 5C,F). The intensity and the regularity of this staining varies from one ...
Hedgehog and Dpp signaling induce cadherin Cad86C expression
... Ectopic expression of Hedgehog also results in apical constriction and apicobasal shortening of cells, typical changes in cell shape that are associated with the normal morphogenetic furrow (Heberlein et al., 1995). Conversely, in the simultaneous absence of Hedgehog and Dpp signal transduction, cel ...
... Ectopic expression of Hedgehog also results in apical constriction and apicobasal shortening of cells, typical changes in cell shape that are associated with the normal morphogenetic furrow (Heberlein et al., 1995). Conversely, in the simultaneous absence of Hedgehog and Dpp signal transduction, cel ...
Chapter Two Line Title Here and Chapter Title Here and Here
... III. Connective Tissue (pp. 127–136; Figs. 4.7–4.8; Table 4.1) A. Functions of Connective Tissue (p. 127; Table 4.1) 1. The major functions of connective tissue are binding and support, protection, insulation, storing fuel, and transporting substances in the body. B. Common Characteristics of Connec ...
... III. Connective Tissue (pp. 127–136; Figs. 4.7–4.8; Table 4.1) A. Functions of Connective Tissue (p. 127; Table 4.1) 1. The major functions of connective tissue are binding and support, protection, insulation, storing fuel, and transporting substances in the body. B. Common Characteristics of Connec ...
Understanding Activity in Electrically Coupled Networks Using PRCs
... the isolated cells eventually approach a stable resting potential and do not fire. If Iapp > Iionic .Vj / for all Vreset Vj Vth , then Vj increases monotonically from Vreset until it reaches the threshold potential Vth at which point the cell “fires.” Vj is then reset to Vreset , and the process ...
... the isolated cells eventually approach a stable resting potential and do not fire. If Iapp > Iionic .Vj / for all Vreset Vj Vth , then Vj increases monotonically from Vreset until it reaches the threshold potential Vth at which point the cell “fires.” Vj is then reset to Vreset , and the process ...
Using intrinsically fluorescent proteins for plant cell
... locale. If information is known about changes in localization of the wild-type protein that accompany physiological or developmental states, such as translocation to the nucleus, then the IFP chimera should similarly show alterations in localization patterns. Immunocytochemistry in a wild-type plant ...
... locale. If information is known about changes in localization of the wild-type protein that accompany physiological or developmental states, such as translocation to the nucleus, then the IFP chimera should similarly show alterations in localization patterns. Immunocytochemistry in a wild-type plant ...
2.01 structure of cells.
... important for electron microscopy because water molecules deflect the electron beam which blurs the image. 3. Embedding: Supports the tissue in wax or resin so that it can be cut into thin sections. Sectioning Produces very thin slices for mounting. Sections are cut with a microtome or an ulramicrot ...
... important for electron microscopy because water molecules deflect the electron beam which blurs the image. 3. Embedding: Supports the tissue in wax or resin so that it can be cut into thin sections. Sectioning Produces very thin slices for mounting. Sections are cut with a microtome or an ulramicrot ...
Protists
... Just like bacteria, protists eat in a variety of ways. Some protists are photoautotrophs, manufacturing their own energy by photosynthesis (using sunlight). Algae and kelp are great examples of a protist that uses photosynthesis to eat. Other protists are heterotrophs, just like us, getting the ...
... Just like bacteria, protists eat in a variety of ways. Some protists are photoautotrophs, manufacturing their own energy by photosynthesis (using sunlight). Algae and kelp are great examples of a protist that uses photosynthesis to eat. Other protists are heterotrophs, just like us, getting the ...
CD4 CD25 Foxp3 Regulatory T Cells Protect the Proinflammatory
... Responses of HUVECs to ox-LDL/LPS HUVECs were cocultured without T cells, with Tregs (CD25⫹), or with CD4⫹CD25⫺ T cells (CD25⫺) in the presence of anti–CD3 mAbs for 48 hours and then with or without (control) ox-LDL/LPS for an additional 24 hours. The protein levels of VCAM-1, MCP-1, and IL-6 of the ...
... Responses of HUVECs to ox-LDL/LPS HUVECs were cocultured without T cells, with Tregs (CD25⫹), or with CD4⫹CD25⫺ T cells (CD25⫺) in the presence of anti–CD3 mAbs for 48 hours and then with or without (control) ox-LDL/LPS for an additional 24 hours. The protein levels of VCAM-1, MCP-1, and IL-6 of the ...
Natural Killer Cell Development In the Adult Human Liver MSc
... Natural killer (NK) cells, as a component of the innate immune system, are large granular lymphocytes, and their main effector functions are to kill virus-infected and malignant cells without prior stimulation and to activate macrophages to destroy phagocytosed microbes. In humans NK cells are ident ...
... Natural killer (NK) cells, as a component of the innate immune system, are large granular lymphocytes, and their main effector functions are to kill virus-infected and malignant cells without prior stimulation and to activate macrophages to destroy phagocytosed microbes. In humans NK cells are ident ...
The chemistry of living things 2. Atoms combine to form molecules
... molecules and changing direction Diffusion = movement of molecules from one region to another as a result of this random motion Molecules will tend to diffuse away from area of high concentration and toward region of low concentration Requires a concentration gradient between 2 points Once the conce ...
... molecules and changing direction Diffusion = movement of molecules from one region to another as a result of this random motion Molecules will tend to diffuse away from area of high concentration and toward region of low concentration Requires a concentration gradient between 2 points Once the conce ...
Neuroprotective Effects of 17Я-Estradiol and Nonfeminizing
... concentration of 10 mM and diluted to appropriate concentration in culture media as required. Unless otherwise stated, steroid treatments of cell cultures involved a 2-h preincubation followed by coadministration of the steroid with H2O2. Hereafter, this treatment is referred to as pretreatment. Tho ...
... concentration of 10 mM and diluted to appropriate concentration in culture media as required. Unless otherwise stated, steroid treatments of cell cultures involved a 2-h preincubation followed by coadministration of the steroid with H2O2. Hereafter, this treatment is referred to as pretreatment. Tho ...
SOMBRERO, BEARSKIN1, and BEARSKIN2 Regulate Root Cap
... altering cell wall pH (Wen et al., 1999). In Arabidopsis, two endob-1,4-D-glucanases (cellulases), which probably hydrolyze the intramolecular bonds in cellulose molecules, have also been implicated in the detachment of the root cap (del Campillo et al., 2004). Arabidopsis, along with other Brassica ...
... altering cell wall pH (Wen et al., 1999). In Arabidopsis, two endob-1,4-D-glucanases (cellulases), which probably hydrolyze the intramolecular bonds in cellulose molecules, have also been implicated in the detachment of the root cap (del Campillo et al., 2004). Arabidopsis, along with other Brassica ...
Cell culture
Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions, generally outside of their natural environment. In practice, the term ""cell culture"" now refers to the culturing of cells derived from multicellular eukaryotes, especially animal cells, in contrast with other types of culture that also grow cells, such as plant tissue culture, fungal culture, and microbiological culture (of microbes). The historical development and methods of cell culture are closely interrelated to those of tissue culture and organ culture. Viral culture is also related, with cells as hosts for the viruses. The laboratory technique of maintaining live cell lines (a population of cells descended from a single cell and containing the same genetic makeup) separated from their original tissue source became more robust in the middle 20th century.