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Treatment of experimental arthritis by inducing immune tolerance
... anticytokine-specific monoclonal antibodies, and the CD4⫹ population was analyzed by flow cytometry using a FACSCalibur instrument with CellQuest software (both from BD Biosciences). To examine the suppressive activity of human ADMSCs in vitro, 105 DLN cells or 105 synovial cells isolated from the k ...
... anticytokine-specific monoclonal antibodies, and the CD4⫹ population was analyzed by flow cytometry using a FACSCalibur instrument with CellQuest software (both from BD Biosciences). To examine the suppressive activity of human ADMSCs in vitro, 105 DLN cells or 105 synovial cells isolated from the k ...
Decontamination of the BD FACSAria System
... A bacterial cocktail containing Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis was created from individual bacterial cultures in log phase growth. The sheath tank and DI water container were inoculated with a sample of the bacterial cocktail. To contaminate ...
... A bacterial cocktail containing Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis was created from individual bacterial cultures in log phase growth. The sheath tank and DI water container were inoculated with a sample of the bacterial cocktail. To contaminate ...
Penetration and Establishment of Phakopsora pachyrhizi in
... Inoculation and collection of leaves for transmission electron microscopy. One day prior to inoculation, urediniospores were removed from liquid nitrogen storage. They were heat shocked by submerging dry urediniospore aliquots, sealed in vials (Nunc CryoTube, Kamstrup, Denmark), into a 40°C water ba ...
... Inoculation and collection of leaves for transmission electron microscopy. One day prior to inoculation, urediniospores were removed from liquid nitrogen storage. They were heat shocked by submerging dry urediniospore aliquots, sealed in vials (Nunc CryoTube, Kamstrup, Denmark), into a 40°C water ba ...
Development
... suspension per shot containing approximately 3×104 gold particles of 1.8-2.0 µm average diameter, and dissolved compounds in the liquid phase as indicated. The use of lower pressure, smaller projectiles and a larger suspension volume per shot in these low-pressure experiments compared to the high-pr ...
... suspension per shot containing approximately 3×104 gold particles of 1.8-2.0 µm average diameter, and dissolved compounds in the liquid phase as indicated. The use of lower pressure, smaller projectiles and a larger suspension volume per shot in these low-pressure experiments compared to the high-pr ...
Extracellular Pectinolytic Enzymes of Fungi Elicit
... (pH 5.2). The reaction was stopped by mixing 0.2 11-11 reaction mixture with 0.2 ml alkaline copper reagent and reducing ends were measured by the modified Nelson procedure (Somoygi, 1952). Controls were run by adding the alkaline copper reagent to the reaction mixture betore incubation. Carrot pect ...
... (pH 5.2). The reaction was stopped by mixing 0.2 11-11 reaction mixture with 0.2 ml alkaline copper reagent and reducing ends were measured by the modified Nelson procedure (Somoygi, 1952). Controls were run by adding the alkaline copper reagent to the reaction mixture betore incubation. Carrot pect ...
ECM and Drusen
... With age and before the presence of clinical evidence of macular disease, histopathological studies show BrM becomes thickened and extracellular basal deposits develop between the RPE and BrM (Kliffen et al. 1995; Kliffen et al. 1997; Reale et al. 2009). Basal deposits, accumulations of extracellula ...
... With age and before the presence of clinical evidence of macular disease, histopathological studies show BrM becomes thickened and extracellular basal deposits develop between the RPE and BrM (Kliffen et al. 1995; Kliffen et al. 1997; Reale et al. 2009). Basal deposits, accumulations of extracellula ...
TGF beta signalling and its role in tumour pathogenesis
... TGF-β is a multifunctional cytokine that regulates cell proliferation, differentiation and extracellular matrix production (Jennings & Pietenpol, 1998; Verrecchia & Mauviel, 2002). Deregulation of TGFβ expression or signalling has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases, includin ...
... TGF-β is a multifunctional cytokine that regulates cell proliferation, differentiation and extracellular matrix production (Jennings & Pietenpol, 1998; Verrecchia & Mauviel, 2002). Deregulation of TGFβ expression or signalling has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases, includin ...
The Use of Conditional Lethal Cell Cycle Mutants for
... cycle during which the gene product in question is normally synthesized. [Note that some gene products that function during discrete intervals of the cycle may be synthesized continuously throughout the cycle, while others (as shown in fig. 3) may be synthesized shortly before their times of functio ...
... cycle during which the gene product in question is normally synthesized. [Note that some gene products that function during discrete intervals of the cycle may be synthesized continuously throughout the cycle, while others (as shown in fig. 3) may be synthesized shortly before their times of functio ...
Lymph nodes
... and left subclavian veins • Drains three quarters of the body Right lymphatic duct - empties into right internal jugular and subclavian veins ...
... and left subclavian veins • Drains three quarters of the body Right lymphatic duct - empties into right internal jugular and subclavian veins ...
Murine Siva-1 and Siva-2, alternate splice forms of the mouse Siva
... cell Ig synthesis, can also mediate cell death. Using the CD27 cytoplasmic tail as the bait in yeast two hybrid assay, we previously cloned human Siva, a pro-apoptotic molecule. Here we report the characterization of the mouse Siva gene as a 4 kb sequence containing 4 exons and 3 introns. RT ± PCR h ...
... cell Ig synthesis, can also mediate cell death. Using the CD27 cytoplasmic tail as the bait in yeast two hybrid assay, we previously cloned human Siva, a pro-apoptotic molecule. Here we report the characterization of the mouse Siva gene as a 4 kb sequence containing 4 exons and 3 introns. RT ± PCR h ...
PDF
... The development of PSCs in the mouse requires Foxi1, a member of the winged-helix family of transcription factors (Hulander et al., 2003; Blomqvist et al., 2004; Blomqvist et al., 2006). Mice mutant for Foxi1 fail to form PSCs in the kidney, inner ear and epididymis, based on the loss of expression ...
... The development of PSCs in the mouse requires Foxi1, a member of the winged-helix family of transcription factors (Hulander et al., 2003; Blomqvist et al., 2004; Blomqvist et al., 2006). Mice mutant for Foxi1 fail to form PSCs in the kidney, inner ear and epididymis, based on the loss of expression ...
A Hierarchy of Regulatory Genes Controls a Larva-to-Adult
... either by direct observation of dividing cells (‘), or by inference based on an increase in hypodermal cell number between stages(i). (Although all VT365 animals made cuticle at the L4 molt that completely lacked adult lateral alae, seam cell divsions were observed only very occasionally at this sta ...
... either by direct observation of dividing cells (‘), or by inference based on an increase in hypodermal cell number between stages(i). (Although all VT365 animals made cuticle at the L4 molt that completely lacked adult lateral alae, seam cell divsions were observed only very occasionally at this sta ...
OsRAN2, essential for mitosis, enhances cold tolerance in rice by
... Cell division plays an important role in plant growth and development. Our previous study suggests that the transcription factor OsMYB3R-2 targets and activates the expression of several G2/M-phase-specific genes such as cyclinB1:1 to increase the cell mitotic index and survival of rice plants under ...
... Cell division plays an important role in plant growth and development. Our previous study suggests that the transcription factor OsMYB3R-2 targets and activates the expression of several G2/M-phase-specific genes such as cyclinB1:1 to increase the cell mitotic index and survival of rice plants under ...
Optimization of ERK Activity Biosensors for both Ratiometric and
... substrates can be expressed in a cell specific type manner, but their activation also relies on threshold effects, therefore, the duration and amplitude of ERK activity level are crucial for signal integration. Depending upon the presence of feedbacks, the cascade may display different kinds of temp ...
... substrates can be expressed in a cell specific type manner, but their activation also relies on threshold effects, therefore, the duration and amplitude of ERK activity level are crucial for signal integration. Depending upon the presence of feedbacks, the cascade may display different kinds of temp ...
The proteasomal deubiquitinating enzyme POH1 promotes the
... Figure 1 Identification of POH1 in the regulation of DSB-associated Ub conjugates. (A) Identification of POH1 in a screen of DUBs. Scatter plot of averaged Z-scores of FK2 luminescence readings from duplicate library screens of siRNA pools targeting the 103 known or predicted mammalian DUBs. Serum-sta ...
... Figure 1 Identification of POH1 in the regulation of DSB-associated Ub conjugates. (A) Identification of POH1 in a screen of DUBs. Scatter plot of averaged Z-scores of FK2 luminescence readings from duplicate library screens of siRNA pools targeting the 103 known or predicted mammalian DUBs. Serum-sta ...
The Amoeboid Parabasalid Flagellate Gigantomonas herculeaof the
... Honigberg and Bennett 1971). There are only limited modern studies of both in the literature. There are more reports available on the parasitic flagellate of humans, Trichomonas vaginalis, which is able to become amoeboid when adhering to host cells or other substrates, although it retains its flage ...
... Honigberg and Bennett 1971). There are only limited modern studies of both in the literature. There are more reports available on the parasitic flagellate of humans, Trichomonas vaginalis, which is able to become amoeboid when adhering to host cells or other substrates, although it retains its flage ...
Correlative Imaging of Fluorescent Proteins in Resin
... Fluorescent proteins (FPs) were developed for live-cell imaging and have revolutionized cell biology. However, not all plant tissues are accessible to live imaging using confocal microscopy, necessitating alternative approaches for protein localization. An example is the phloem, a tissue embedded de ...
... Fluorescent proteins (FPs) were developed for live-cell imaging and have revolutionized cell biology. However, not all plant tissues are accessible to live imaging using confocal microscopy, necessitating alternative approaches for protein localization. An example is the phloem, a tissue embedded de ...
Osmo-Sensitive and Stretch-Activated Calcium
... guard cells (Cosgrove and Hedrich, 1991). However, regulatory mechanisms of SA Ca21 channels in the PM of guard cells and their roles in signal remain to be elucidated. Actin microfilaments are dynamic cellular components and they can be assembled or disassembled into actin monomers at spatially def ...
... guard cells (Cosgrove and Hedrich, 1991). However, regulatory mechanisms of SA Ca21 channels in the PM of guard cells and their roles in signal remain to be elucidated. Actin microfilaments are dynamic cellular components and they can be assembled or disassembled into actin monomers at spatially def ...
Expression of truncated Sek-1 receptor tyrosine kinase
... underlining, and the kinase domain by single underlining. The C termini of the truncated proteins encoded by the constructs used in this study are indicated with an arrow. (B) The percentage amino acid sequence identity between Eph-related RTKs most closely related to XSek-1 is tabulated. These gene ...
... underlining, and the kinase domain by single underlining. The C termini of the truncated proteins encoded by the constructs used in this study are indicated with an arrow. (B) The percentage amino acid sequence identity between Eph-related RTKs most closely related to XSek-1 is tabulated. These gene ...
Sorting drops and cells with acoustics: acoustic
... of cells from a large number of cells in drug screening and diagnostics and has developed into a commercially available standard technique. It also has great potential for emerging biotechnologies such as systems biology, rare cell detection or stem cell isolation. FACS uses laser interrogation base ...
... of cells from a large number of cells in drug screening and diagnostics and has developed into a commercially available standard technique. It also has great potential for emerging biotechnologies such as systems biology, rare cell detection or stem cell isolation. FACS uses laser interrogation base ...
Podosome-type adhesions and focal adhesions, so alike yet so
... Due to their involvement in physiological and pathological situations, cell-matrix adhesions are now receiving widespread attention. Indeed, podosomes and invadopodia could be involved in physiological events such as monocyte extravasation and tissue transmigration (Carman et al., 2007) or in pathol ...
... Due to their involvement in physiological and pathological situations, cell-matrix adhesions are now receiving widespread attention. Indeed, podosomes and invadopodia could be involved in physiological events such as monocyte extravasation and tissue transmigration (Carman et al., 2007) or in pathol ...
The Vacuolar Proton-Cation Exchanger EcNHX1
... secondary metabolism in whole plants is often complicated by their integration into a hierarchically organized series of pathogen-triggered reactions, known as the hypersensitive response (Lamb and Dixon, 1997). Orchestrated by an oxidative burst, genes of secondary metabolism are coregulated with t ...
... secondary metabolism in whole plants is often complicated by their integration into a hierarchically organized series of pathogen-triggered reactions, known as the hypersensitive response (Lamb and Dixon, 1997). Orchestrated by an oxidative burst, genes of secondary metabolism are coregulated with t ...
Yeast longevity and aging—the mitochondrial connection
... for stem cell aging. The renewal of many tissues requires the function of stem cells. This renewal is critical for maintenance of function as the organism ages. However, it is essential that the cells that the stem cells produce are pristine and possess full functional ability. Our studies show that ...
... for stem cell aging. The renewal of many tissues requires the function of stem cells. This renewal is critical for maintenance of function as the organism ages. However, it is essential that the cells that the stem cells produce are pristine and possess full functional ability. Our studies show that ...
Cell culture
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Cell_Culture_in_a_tiny_Petri_dish.jpg?width=300)
Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions, generally outside of their natural environment. In practice, the term ""cell culture"" now refers to the culturing of cells derived from multicellular eukaryotes, especially animal cells, in contrast with other types of culture that also grow cells, such as plant tissue culture, fungal culture, and microbiological culture (of microbes). The historical development and methods of cell culture are closely interrelated to those of tissue culture and organ culture. Viral culture is also related, with cells as hosts for the viruses. The laboratory technique of maintaining live cell lines (a population of cells descended from a single cell and containing the same genetic makeup) separated from their original tissue source became more robust in the middle 20th century.