Scrapie infected tissues
... most experimental models, PrPres is a reliable indicator of infectivity. Light microscopic studies have suggested that both PrPsen and disease specific accumulations of PrP are associated with follicular dendritic cells (FDCs). Using immunogold electron microscopy, we have demonstrated disease speci ...
... most experimental models, PrPres is a reliable indicator of infectivity. Light microscopic studies have suggested that both PrPsen and disease specific accumulations of PrP are associated with follicular dendritic cells (FDCs). Using immunogold electron microscopy, we have demonstrated disease speci ...
The P2Y12 receptor regulates microglial activation by extracellular
... P2Y12 is expressed on microglia but not macrophages We, and others, have previously shown that P2Y12 transcripts are expressed by glial cells of the spinal cord and brain, specifically microglia7,12. To determine whether receptor protein is located on the microglial cell surface, we generated an ant ...
... P2Y12 is expressed on microglia but not macrophages We, and others, have previously shown that P2Y12 transcripts are expressed by glial cells of the spinal cord and brain, specifically microglia7,12. To determine whether receptor protein is located on the microglial cell surface, we generated an ant ...
Regulation of phospholipase D activity, membrane targeting and
... How do phosphoinositides activate PLD? Only phosphoinositides with a vicinal 4,5-phosphate pair activate PLD1, PLD2 and Spo14p. PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 was found to be approximately equipotent with PtdIns(4,5)P2 but approx. 50% as efficacious. Other phosphoinositides were ineffective as were a range of anio ...
... How do phosphoinositides activate PLD? Only phosphoinositides with a vicinal 4,5-phosphate pair activate PLD1, PLD2 and Spo14p. PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 was found to be approximately equipotent with PtdIns(4,5)P2 but approx. 50% as efficacious. Other phosphoinositides were ineffective as were a range of anio ...
Escherichia coli DNA ligase B may mitigate damage from
... For bacterial survival assays, except for those with cadmium, standing overnight cultures were diluted 100-fold into 10 ml of fresh Lennox Broth (LB) and incubated, with shaking, at 37˚C to mid-logarithmic phase (OD600 of ~0.4). Cultures were then divided into five 1-ml aliquots to which hydrogen pe ...
... For bacterial survival assays, except for those with cadmium, standing overnight cultures were diluted 100-fold into 10 ml of fresh Lennox Broth (LB) and incubated, with shaking, at 37˚C to mid-logarithmic phase (OD600 of ~0.4). Cultures were then divided into five 1-ml aliquots to which hydrogen pe ...
Synthesis and characterization of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate
... in the presence of ethanol and lactic acid. Dry cell mass in the presence of monomer β–hydroxybutyric acid (0.5%w/v) was 1.5g/L. PHB accumulation in the presence of table sugar, molasses and fructose was 28.23%, 23.06% and 19.76% (0.57; 0.72 and 0.34 g/L of media), respectively. PHB accumulation in ...
... in the presence of ethanol and lactic acid. Dry cell mass in the presence of monomer β–hydroxybutyric acid (0.5%w/v) was 1.5g/L. PHB accumulation in the presence of table sugar, molasses and fructose was 28.23%, 23.06% and 19.76% (0.57; 0.72 and 0.34 g/L of media), respectively. PHB accumulation in ...
Golgi Regeneration after Brefeldin A Treatment in
... investigation Golgi regeneration in synchronized tobacco BY-2 cells was followed by electron microscopy and by the immunofluorescence detection of ARF1, which localizes to the rims of Golgi cisternae and serves as an indicator of COPI vesiculation. Beginning as clusters of vesicles that are COPI pos ...
... investigation Golgi regeneration in synchronized tobacco BY-2 cells was followed by electron microscopy and by the immunofluorescence detection of ARF1, which localizes to the rims of Golgi cisternae and serves as an indicator of COPI vesiculation. Beginning as clusters of vesicles that are COPI pos ...
Changes in endothelial phenotype may explain changes in
... resolution of bacterial abscesses. However, the mechanisms that regulate PMN survival and proliferation during the evolution of an abscess are not well defined. Using a mouse model of Staphylococcus aureus-abscess formation within a cutaneous wound combined with real time imaging of genetically tagg ...
... resolution of bacterial abscesses. However, the mechanisms that regulate PMN survival and proliferation during the evolution of an abscess are not well defined. Using a mouse model of Staphylococcus aureus-abscess formation within a cutaneous wound combined with real time imaging of genetically tagg ...
Genetics of C. elegans Myt1 ortholog wee-1.3
... Dephosphorylation of these residues constitutes the major mitotic entry signal in eukaryotes. In fission yeast, Y15 of Cdc2p is phosphorylated by the Wee1p and Mik1p kinases (Lundgren et al., 1991), while dephosphorylation is carried out by the Cdc25p phosphatase (Russell and Nurse, 1986; Berry and ...
... Dephosphorylation of these residues constitutes the major mitotic entry signal in eukaryotes. In fission yeast, Y15 of Cdc2p is phosphorylated by the Wee1p and Mik1p kinases (Lundgren et al., 1991), while dephosphorylation is carried out by the Cdc25p phosphatase (Russell and Nurse, 1986; Berry and ...
Allosteric Modulators of Steroid Hormone Receptors: Structural
... acid sequences of SHR-like proteins from different organisms, including invertebrates such as molluscs and annelids, it has been proposed that the ancestral gene for SHRs was ER-like and bound estrogens (reviewed in Ref. 61). The binding of hormone has dramatic consequences for individual receptor s ...
... acid sequences of SHR-like proteins from different organisms, including invertebrates such as molluscs and annelids, it has been proposed that the ancestral gene for SHRs was ER-like and bound estrogens (reviewed in Ref. 61). The binding of hormone has dramatic consequences for individual receptor s ...
Remodeling of endosomes during lysosome biogenesis involves
... Summary The small GTPase rab5 has been shown to play key roles in the function of both endocytic and phagocytic organelles. Although these organelles share several additional common features, different processes have been proposed to explain their biogenesis. In the present study, we provide evidenc ...
... Summary The small GTPase rab5 has been shown to play key roles in the function of both endocytic and phagocytic organelles. Although these organelles share several additional common features, different processes have been proposed to explain their biogenesis. In the present study, we provide evidenc ...
Pigment mutations regulate tau toxicity 1 TITLE
... We derive four conclusions from these data: (1) S202/T205 phosphorylation does not correlate well with severity of tau phenotypes in our model. Recent studies using tau constructs resistant to phosphorylation also demonstrated uncoupling of tau phosphorylation at S202/T205 and toxicity (STEINHILB et ...
... We derive four conclusions from these data: (1) S202/T205 phosphorylation does not correlate well with severity of tau phenotypes in our model. Recent studies using tau constructs resistant to phosphorylation also demonstrated uncoupling of tau phosphorylation at S202/T205 and toxicity (STEINHILB et ...
Escaping Underground Nets: Extracellular DNases Degrade
... inoculated pea border cells with mutants of R. solanacearum missing typical plant defense elicitors such as a positive regulator of type III secretion system (hrpB) [34], the acidic exopolysaccharide I that is recognized by some plants (epsB) [33], or flagellin (fliC) [29]. The hrpB and epsB mutants ...
... inoculated pea border cells with mutants of R. solanacearum missing typical plant defense elicitors such as a positive regulator of type III secretion system (hrpB) [34], the acidic exopolysaccharide I that is recognized by some plants (epsB) [33], or flagellin (fliC) [29]. The hrpB and epsB mutants ...
Quantifying the range of a lipid phosphate signal in vivo
... Fig. 1. Expression of Wun in ectoderm does not affect germ cell survival. (A) Schematic map of a lateral stage 11 embryo showing the prospective parasegmental boundaries, the position of the three SGP clusters in the mesoderm, and the ectodermal expression domains that result from the Gal4 drivers o ...
... Fig. 1. Expression of Wun in ectoderm does not affect germ cell survival. (A) Schematic map of a lateral stage 11 embryo showing the prospective parasegmental boundaries, the position of the three SGP clusters in the mesoderm, and the ectodermal expression domains that result from the Gal4 drivers o ...
Targeting of Salmonella typhimurium to Vesicles Containing
... bacterial pathogen that remains enclosed in vacuoles (SCV) upon entry into the host cell. In this study we have examined the intracellular trafficking route of S. typhimurium within epithelial cells. Indirect immunofluorescence analysis showed that bacteria initiated fusion with lysosomal membrane g ...
... bacterial pathogen that remains enclosed in vacuoles (SCV) upon entry into the host cell. In this study we have examined the intracellular trafficking route of S. typhimurium within epithelial cells. Indirect immunofluorescence analysis showed that bacteria initiated fusion with lysosomal membrane g ...
Adherence and uptake of Francisella into host cells
... blocking MR with specific antibodies or soluble mannan significantly inhibits internalization of both F. novicida and LVS by monocytes.21,22 However, deletion of the mannose receptor does not completely eliminate Francisella internalization,21,22,50 implicating other host molecules in the internaliz ...
... blocking MR with specific antibodies or soluble mannan significantly inhibits internalization of both F. novicida and LVS by monocytes.21,22 However, deletion of the mannose receptor does not completely eliminate Francisella internalization,21,22,50 implicating other host molecules in the internaliz ...
Reassignment of the gene encoding the Escherichia coli
... the 3′ end of hybA had the sequence 5′-GCGCAGATCTTGACTCATGATCGTCTCCTC-3′ and incorporated an engineered BglII site. The PCR product was digested with SphI and BglII before being integrated into the expression vector pQE70 to yield plasmid pFS77. Both the hyb0 gene in pFS75 and the hybA gene in pFS77 ...
... the 3′ end of hybA had the sequence 5′-GCGCAGATCTTGACTCATGATCGTCTCCTC-3′ and incorporated an engineered BglII site. The PCR product was digested with SphI and BglII before being integrated into the expression vector pQE70 to yield plasmid pFS77. Both the hyb0 gene in pFS75 and the hybA gene in pFS77 ...
The ancestral role of Brachyury: expression of NemBra1 in the basal
... No T-box genes have been reported so far from protists and none are found in the yeast genome. Hence, it is feasible that the T-box gene family arose with the evolution of animal multicellularity. The anthozoan N. vectensis is to date the most basal metazoan from which the T-box gene Brachyury has b ...
... No T-box genes have been reported so far from protists and none are found in the yeast genome. Hence, it is feasible that the T-box gene family arose with the evolution of animal multicellularity. The anthozoan N. vectensis is to date the most basal metazoan from which the T-box gene Brachyury has b ...
Cyclooxygenase-2 Contributes to N-Methyl-D-aspartate
... Measurement of COX Metabolites. Mixed cortical cell cultures were pretreated with 30 M arachidonic acid (BIOMOL, Plymouth Meeting, PA) 1 to 2 h before NMDA exposure (5 min, 100 M). Supernatants were collected at the times indicated after NMDA exposure and frozen at ⫺80°C. The amount of COX metabol ...
... Measurement of COX Metabolites. Mixed cortical cell cultures were pretreated with 30 M arachidonic acid (BIOMOL, Plymouth Meeting, PA) 1 to 2 h before NMDA exposure (5 min, 100 M). Supernatants were collected at the times indicated after NMDA exposure and frozen at ⫺80°C. The amount of COX metabol ...
Yeast
... addition to a major band, other minor bands are observed. The overall recovery of protein was 100%, and 78% in terms of SOD activity. Purification on IMAC indicated Cu–Zn SOD from the marine yeast D. hansenii strain C-11 is a heterogeneous enzyme. For analysis of amino acid content, fractions were a ...
... addition to a major band, other minor bands are observed. The overall recovery of protein was 100%, and 78% in terms of SOD activity. Purification on IMAC indicated Cu–Zn SOD from the marine yeast D. hansenii strain C-11 is a heterogeneous enzyme. For analysis of amino acid content, fractions were a ...
A cell wall reference profile for Miscanthus bioenergy crops
... deconstruction still hinders their widespread use as bioenergy and biomaterial feedstocks. Identification of cell wall characteristics desirable for biorefining applications is crucial for lignocellulosic biomass improvement. However, the task of scoring biomass quality is often complicated by the l ...
... deconstruction still hinders their widespread use as bioenergy and biomaterial feedstocks. Identification of cell wall characteristics desirable for biorefining applications is crucial for lignocellulosic biomass improvement. However, the task of scoring biomass quality is often complicated by the l ...
Negative Regulation of Rho Signaling by Insulin and Its
... starved for 24 h in serum-free ␣-MEM containing 5.5 mmol/l glucose. The next day, cells were exposed to insulin (0 –100 nmol/l) for 0 –30 min. In some experiments, VSMCs were pretreated with various inhibitors for 30 min, followed by exposure to insulin as detailed in the figure legends. Metabolic l ...
... starved for 24 h in serum-free ␣-MEM containing 5.5 mmol/l glucose. The next day, cells were exposed to insulin (0 –100 nmol/l) for 0 –30 min. In some experiments, VSMCs were pretreated with various inhibitors for 30 min, followed by exposure to insulin as detailed in the figure legends. Metabolic l ...
Mitochondrial dysfunction and Parkinson`s disease genes: insights
... genes and the rest are known as autosomal recessive genes. The recent identification of these genes has stimulated a search for understanding the mechanisms underlying familial PD pathology, but this in turn would also help us to understand the pathological mechanism of sporadic cases of PD. Before ...
... genes and the rest are known as autosomal recessive genes. The recent identification of these genes has stimulated a search for understanding the mechanisms underlying familial PD pathology, but this in turn would also help us to understand the pathological mechanism of sporadic cases of PD. Before ...
Leaf growth in grasses is determined by the cell division and
... expansion of the leaves crucial to early seedling establishment, but it is also responsible for the development of other organs such as tillers, ears and grains. The growth of wheat leaves, like other grass leaves, is limited to a small region near the leaf base that is enclosed in the older leaf sh ...
... expansion of the leaves crucial to early seedling establishment, but it is also responsible for the development of other organs such as tillers, ears and grains. The growth of wheat leaves, like other grass leaves, is limited to a small region near the leaf base that is enclosed in the older leaf sh ...
Developmental origin and lineage plasticity of endogenous cardiac
... which presents a technical challenge for studying their roles in vivo. In the following sections, we describe what it is known about the different putative adult cardiac stem/progenitor-like populations that reside around vessels and among cardiac muscle fibers in the adult heart. A recurring theme ...
... which presents a technical challenge for studying their roles in vivo. In the following sections, we describe what it is known about the different putative adult cardiac stem/progenitor-like populations that reside around vessels and among cardiac muscle fibers in the adult heart. A recurring theme ...