Chapter 14 Brainstem III: Internal Structures and Vascular
... – Continuous with certain diencephalic nuclei ...
... – Continuous with certain diencephalic nuclei ...
Protection of Drosophila chromosome ends with minimal telomere
... extremity of chromosomes, reminiscent of the protection conferred by extremely short telomeric arrays in yeast or mammalian systems. Introduction Telomeres are specialized structures that organize extremities of linear chromosomes in a way that prevent their recognition as DNA double-strand breaks ( ...
... extremity of chromosomes, reminiscent of the protection conferred by extremely short telomeric arrays in yeast or mammalian systems. Introduction Telomeres are specialized structures that organize extremities of linear chromosomes in a way that prevent their recognition as DNA double-strand breaks ( ...
how proteins move lipids and lipids move proteins
... The differences in lipid composition between cellular organelles cannot be explained by local metabolism alone. For example, the plasma membrane and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) have different lipid compositions (BOX 3), despite the fact that some plasma membrane lipids are synthesized in the ER, ...
... The differences in lipid composition between cellular organelles cannot be explained by local metabolism alone. For example, the plasma membrane and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) have different lipid compositions (BOX 3), despite the fact that some plasma membrane lipids are synthesized in the ER, ...
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... apically to claudin-based septate junctions. In Caenorhabditis elegans, a single electron-dense structure, termed the ‘apical junction’, contains adjacent adherens junction-like and septate junction-like domains (Lynch and Hardin, 2009). Initial junction assembly depends on conserved polarity regula ...
... apically to claudin-based septate junctions. In Caenorhabditis elegans, a single electron-dense structure, termed the ‘apical junction’, contains adjacent adherens junction-like and septate junction-like domains (Lynch and Hardin, 2009). Initial junction assembly depends on conserved polarity regula ...
Nucleocytoplasmic interactions in the mouse embryo
... nuclei and cytoplasm. Experiments have specifically examined the ability of nuclei from later developmental stages or from a different species to support development, volume relationships between nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments, and the nonequivalency of the maternal and paternal genomic contri ...
... nuclei and cytoplasm. Experiments have specifically examined the ability of nuclei from later developmental stages or from a different species to support development, volume relationships between nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments, and the nonequivalency of the maternal and paternal genomic contri ...
A Flow Cytometry Approach to Detect In vivo Chromatin Compaction
... from soybean leaves at different developmental stages. The entire process is comprised of only three key steps: protoplast generation, Acridine Orange staining and flow cytometry. This approach can be completed within 6–8 h from protoplast isolation to flow cytometry measurement and shall be instrum ...
... from soybean leaves at different developmental stages. The entire process is comprised of only three key steps: protoplast generation, Acridine Orange staining and flow cytometry. This approach can be completed within 6–8 h from protoplast isolation to flow cytometry measurement and shall be instrum ...
Chromosome Organization and Dynamics during Interphase, Mitosis
... force behind this research is the desire to understand how organization of interphase chromosomes affects gene expression, although such studies are only now beginning in plants and other multicellular eukaryotes. Chromosome Territories ...
... force behind this research is the desire to understand how organization of interphase chromosomes affects gene expression, although such studies are only now beginning in plants and other multicellular eukaryotes. Chromosome Territories ...
Rab-A2 and Rab-A3 GTPases Define a trans
... Arabidopsis Rab-A2 and Rab-A3 Proteins For localization studies, we constructed YFP fusions with genomic DNA fragments from all four members of the Rab-A2 subclass (RAB-A2a, -A2b, -A2c, and -A2d) and with the single Rab-A3 protein (RAB-A3). These DNA fragments included the entire intergenic region w ...
... Arabidopsis Rab-A2 and Rab-A3 Proteins For localization studies, we constructed YFP fusions with genomic DNA fragments from all four members of the Rab-A2 subclass (RAB-A2a, -A2b, -A2c, and -A2d) and with the single Rab-A3 protein (RAB-A3). These DNA fragments included the entire intergenic region w ...
Where in the Cell Are You? Probing HIV
... virions traffic from infected cells to infect the adjacent cell. Although the signalling events regulating this are not yet fully elucidated, the microtubule organizing centre (MTOC) can polarize to the synapse and likely plays an important role in synapse formation [18]. Furthermore, actin polymeri ...
... virions traffic from infected cells to infect the adjacent cell. Although the signalling events regulating this are not yet fully elucidated, the microtubule organizing centre (MTOC) can polarize to the synapse and likely plays an important role in synapse formation [18]. Furthermore, actin polymeri ...
Dynamin as a mover and pincher during cell migration and invasion
... are vesiculated, presumably because the pinchase activity of dynamin vesiculates the F-BAR-induced long tubules. Vesiculation of these tubules can be attenuated either by expression of a K44A mutant Dyn2 protein or, interestingly, treatment with the actin antagonist Latrunculin, which indicates that ...
... are vesiculated, presumably because the pinchase activity of dynamin vesiculates the F-BAR-induced long tubules. Vesiculation of these tubules can be attenuated either by expression of a K44A mutant Dyn2 protein or, interestingly, treatment with the actin antagonist Latrunculin, which indicates that ...
The proteomics of plant cell membranes
... In plant cells, as well as in animal cells, the plasma membrane controls many primary cellular functions, such as metabolite and ion transport, endocytosis, and cell differentiation and proliferation. All these processes involve a large number of proteins with highly diverse structures and functions ...
... In plant cells, as well as in animal cells, the plasma membrane controls many primary cellular functions, such as metabolite and ion transport, endocytosis, and cell differentiation and proliferation. All these processes involve a large number of proteins with highly diverse structures and functions ...
Chromosome Organization and Dynamics during Interphase, Mitosis
... force behind this research is the desire to understand how organization of interphase chromosomes affects gene expression, although such studies are only now beginning in plants and other multicellular eukaryotes. Chromosome Territories ...
... force behind this research is the desire to understand how organization of interphase chromosomes affects gene expression, although such studies are only now beginning in plants and other multicellular eukaryotes. Chromosome Territories ...
Preganglionic Neurons of the Sphenopalatine Ganglia Reside in the
... nerve tract (Fig. 4a, b). As glutamate activates soma and dendrites but not axons, findings from the responses of points C and D at A8.5 level (Fig. 3) that responded only to electrical stimulation illustrate the location of the HRP-labeled fibers. Neurochemical Characteristics of the HRP Neurons In ...
... nerve tract (Fig. 4a, b). As glutamate activates soma and dendrites but not axons, findings from the responses of points C and D at A8.5 level (Fig. 3) that responded only to electrical stimulation illustrate the location of the HRP-labeled fibers. Neurochemical Characteristics of the HRP Neurons In ...
AP Biology Unit 3 Introductory PP
... • Protobionts are aggregates of abiotically produced molecules surrounded by a membrane or membrane-like structure • Experiments demonstrate that protobionts could have formed spontaneously from abiotically produced organic compounds • For example, small membrane-bounded droplets called liposomes ca ...
... • Protobionts are aggregates of abiotically produced molecules surrounded by a membrane or membrane-like structure • Experiments demonstrate that protobionts could have formed spontaneously from abiotically produced organic compounds • For example, small membrane-bounded droplets called liposomes ca ...
year 12 biology - Miss Jan`s Science Wikispace
... Describe the difference between a prokaryote and eukaryote Describe the basic structure of a prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell Give examples of prokaryote and eukaryote cells Explain the difference between a plant and animal cell Explain what an organelle is Identify the nucleus, nuclear envelope, nuc ...
... Describe the difference between a prokaryote and eukaryote Describe the basic structure of a prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell Give examples of prokaryote and eukaryote cells Explain the difference between a plant and animal cell Explain what an organelle is Identify the nucleus, nuclear envelope, nuc ...
Differential expression of genes under control of the
... heterokaryon, we attempted to analyse the nuclear distribution. However, we were unable to stain nuclei in fullgrown aerial hyphae. Either the DAPI stain did not penetrate these thick-walled hyphae or the hyphae had lost their nuclei. Giemsa or Feulgen staining was also unsuccessful. However, aerial ...
... heterokaryon, we attempted to analyse the nuclear distribution. However, we were unable to stain nuclei in fullgrown aerial hyphae. Either the DAPI stain did not penetrate these thick-walled hyphae or the hyphae had lost their nuclei. Giemsa or Feulgen staining was also unsuccessful. However, aerial ...
tr-kit promotes the formation of a multimolecular complex composed
... carboxyl-terminal domain and it is the main substrate for Src-like kinases in mitosis (Taylor and Shalloway, 1994); it has been demonstrated that the interaction with the SH3 domain of Fyn is necessary for Fyn-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of Sam68 (Shen et al., 1999). Once phosphorylated in th ...
... carboxyl-terminal domain and it is the main substrate for Src-like kinases in mitosis (Taylor and Shalloway, 1994); it has been demonstrated that the interaction with the SH3 domain of Fyn is necessary for Fyn-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of Sam68 (Shen et al., 1999). Once phosphorylated in th ...
Inhibition of c-myc Expression in Cells by Targeting an RNA
... RNA-binding proteins can influence mRNA transport, localization, translation, and degradation (McCarthy and Kollmus, 1995). Several proteins have been identified that interact with regions of the c-myc mRNA and regulate its metabolism (Bernstein et al., 1992; Zhang et al., 1993; Prokipcak et al., 19 ...
... RNA-binding proteins can influence mRNA transport, localization, translation, and degradation (McCarthy and Kollmus, 1995). Several proteins have been identified that interact with regions of the c-myc mRNA and regulate its metabolism (Bernstein et al., 1992; Zhang et al., 1993; Prokipcak et al., 19 ...
Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles as a Delivery System for
... classified using Gene Ontology-based functions. The OMV-associated proteins unique to the LB or acidic MgM (AMM) conditions were grouped based on their biological processes and molecular functions, and their proportions under each condition are plotted. ...
... classified using Gene Ontology-based functions. The OMV-associated proteins unique to the LB or acidic MgM (AMM) conditions were grouped based on their biological processes and molecular functions, and their proportions under each condition are plotted. ...
Minireview
... repeats can be accommodated in the fiber. Such model building has yielded an idealized zigzag structure as shown in Figure 1. Although there are still several unresolved issues, the combination of the crosslinking and structural studies argue that the underlying structure of the 30 nm fiber is a zig ...
... repeats can be accommodated in the fiber. Such model building has yielded an idealized zigzag structure as shown in Figure 1. Although there are still several unresolved issues, the combination of the crosslinking and structural studies argue that the underlying structure of the 30 nm fiber is a zig ...
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... the cell. The strength of the effect varies with the number and configuration of AREs in the transcript (19). Examination of the 3⬘ UTR of Hro-notch (9) revealed seven pentameric AREs 5⬘ to the polyadenylation element. Two of these AREs overlap and, with adjacent sequences, form two overlapping nona ...
... the cell. The strength of the effect varies with the number and configuration of AREs in the transcript (19). Examination of the 3⬘ UTR of Hro-notch (9) revealed seven pentameric AREs 5⬘ to the polyadenylation element. Two of these AREs overlap and, with adjacent sequences, form two overlapping nona ...
Pontin and Reptin regulate cell proliferation in early Xenopus
... embryos c-Myc is the only member of the multi-gene family that is provided maternally (Bellmeyer et al., 2003). The maternal and the post-gastrula c-Myc are encoded by two different genes. Only one of them, c-Myc I, is expressed from the zygotic genome in post-gastrula embryos (Vriz et al., 1989). R ...
... embryos c-Myc is the only member of the multi-gene family that is provided maternally (Bellmeyer et al., 2003). The maternal and the post-gastrula c-Myc are encoded by two different genes. Only one of them, c-Myc I, is expressed from the zygotic genome in post-gastrula embryos (Vriz et al., 1989). R ...
Lecture 16 - Gene Transcription and Translation
... organism can produce is much greater than its number of genes • Different exons can code for the different domains in a protein • Exon shuffling may result in the evolution of new proteins BIOL211 NSCC ...
... organism can produce is much greater than its number of genes • Different exons can code for the different domains in a protein • Exon shuffling may result in the evolution of new proteins BIOL211 NSCC ...
Cell nucleus
In cell biology, the nucleus (pl. nuclei; from Latin nucleus or nuculeus, meaning kernel) is a membrane-enclosed organelle found in eukaryotic cells. Eukaryotes usually have a single nucleus, but a few cell types have no nuclei, and a few others have many.Cell nuclei contain most of the cell's genetic material, organized as multiple long linear DNA molecules in complex with a large variety of proteins, such as histones, to form chromosomes. The genes within these chromosomes are the cell's nuclear genome. The function of the nucleus is to maintain the integrity of these genes and to control the activities of the cell by regulating gene expression—the nucleus is, therefore, the control center of the cell. The main structures making up the nucleus are the nuclear envelope, a double membrane that encloses the entire organelle and isolates its contents from the cellular cytoplasm, and the nucleoskeleton (which includes nuclear lamina), a network within the nucleus that adds mechanical support, much like the cytoskeleton, which supports the cell as a whole.Because the nuclear membrane is impermeable to large molecules, nuclear pores are required that regulate nuclear transport of molecules across the envelope. The pores cross both nuclear membranes, providing a channel through which larger molecules must be actively transported by carrier proteins while allowing free movement of small molecules and ions. Movement of large molecules such as proteins and RNA through the pores is required for both gene expression and the maintenance of chromosomes. The interior of the nucleus does not contain any membrane-bound sub compartments, its contents are not uniform, and a number of sub-nuclear bodies exist, made up of unique proteins, RNA molecules, and particular parts of the chromosomes. The best-known of these is the nucleolus, which is mainly involved in the assembly of ribosomes. After being produced in the nucleolus, ribosomes are exported to the cytoplasm where they translate mRNA.