Linker histone H1 in early mouse embryogenesis
... antibody raised against Xenopus somatic H1 specifically recognized mouse somatic H1 on immunoblot (Fig. 1A, antiH1 panel), and by immunostaining (Fig. 1B, anti-H1 panel), it gave an intense nuclear staining in mouse erythroleukemia (MEL) cells and in mouse blastula cells which is consistent with the ...
... antibody raised against Xenopus somatic H1 specifically recognized mouse somatic H1 on immunoblot (Fig. 1A, antiH1 panel), and by immunostaining (Fig. 1B, anti-H1 panel), it gave an intense nuclear staining in mouse erythroleukemia (MEL) cells and in mouse blastula cells which is consistent with the ...
Acta Medica Okayama
... 1. The amygdalofugal fibers are distributed by way of the stria terminalis, the longitudinal association bundle, the inferior thalamic peduncle, and the medial forebrain bundle. 2. The amygdalofugal fibers running through the longitudinal association bundle arise in the lateral principal, intermedia ...
... 1. The amygdalofugal fibers are distributed by way of the stria terminalis, the longitudinal association bundle, the inferior thalamic peduncle, and the medial forebrain bundle. 2. The amygdalofugal fibers running through the longitudinal association bundle arise in the lateral principal, intermedia ...
1 Laccases direct lignification in the discrete secondary cell wall
... Continuous ER strands were parallel to, and generally excluded from, domains directly below developing secondary cell wall thickenings, which were observed in bright-field microscopy (Fig. 2A). Evidence of ER exclusion below secondary cell wall domains was also observed in endogenous root protoxylem ...
... Continuous ER strands were parallel to, and generally excluded from, domains directly below developing secondary cell wall thickenings, which were observed in bright-field microscopy (Fig. 2A). Evidence of ER exclusion below secondary cell wall domains was also observed in endogenous root protoxylem ...
Expression of the nidogen-binding site of the laminin γ1 chain
... Basement membranes contain two major molecular networks consisting of laminin and collagen IV. Previous antibody perturbation experiments suggest that the interaction between laminin and nidogen-1 is necessary for proper basement membrane formation and epithelial development, whereas results from ge ...
... Basement membranes contain two major molecular networks consisting of laminin and collagen IV. Previous antibody perturbation experiments suggest that the interaction between laminin and nidogen-1 is necessary for proper basement membrane formation and epithelial development, whereas results from ge ...
Membrane traffic and fusion at post-Golgi compartments
... Complete sequencing of the Arabidopsis genome a decade ago has facilitated the functional analysis of various biological processes including membrane traffic by which many proteins are delivered to their sites of action and turnover. In particular, membrane traffic between post-Golgi compartments play ...
... Complete sequencing of the Arabidopsis genome a decade ago has facilitated the functional analysis of various biological processes including membrane traffic by which many proteins are delivered to their sites of action and turnover. In particular, membrane traffic between post-Golgi compartments play ...
A Tertiary Plastid Uses Genes from Two Endosymbionts
... within the host endomembrane system, so plastidtargeting leaders consist of a signal peptide (SP) followed by a TP. The SP directs the proteins to the endomembrane system via the signal recognition particle, and from there the TP directs them to the plastid.6 One algal group that contains a secondar ...
... within the host endomembrane system, so plastidtargeting leaders consist of a signal peptide (SP) followed by a TP. The SP directs the proteins to the endomembrane system via the signal recognition particle, and from there the TP directs them to the plastid.6 One algal group that contains a secondar ...
The SR Protein SRp38 Represses Splicing in M Phase Cells
... to a potent, general repressor that inhibits splicing at an early step. To investigate the cellular function of SRp38, we examined its possible role in cell cycle control. We show first that splicing, like other steps in gene expression, is inhibited in extracts of mitotic cells. Strikingly, SRp38 w ...
... to a potent, general repressor that inhibits splicing at an early step. To investigate the cellular function of SRp38, we examined its possible role in cell cycle control. We show first that splicing, like other steps in gene expression, is inhibited in extracts of mitotic cells. Strikingly, SRp38 w ...
Chapter 4
... 3. In this chapter we consider the nucleic acids. These macromolecules (1) contain the information for determining the amino acid sequence and hence the structure and function of all the proteins of a cell, (2) are part of the cellular structures that select and align amino acids in the correct orde ...
... 3. In this chapter we consider the nucleic acids. These macromolecules (1) contain the information for determining the amino acid sequence and hence the structure and function of all the proteins of a cell, (2) are part of the cellular structures that select and align amino acids in the correct orde ...
The travels of mRNAs through all cells large and small
... similarities between transport mechanisms in oocytes and highly polarized somatic cells (25, 30). A dual role for microfilaments and microtubules in the RNA localization pathway within a single cell was suggested by observations that Vg1 RNAs might also interact with actin filaments at the vegetal c ...
... similarities between transport mechanisms in oocytes and highly polarized somatic cells (25, 30). A dual role for microfilaments and microtubules in the RNA localization pathway within a single cell was suggested by observations that Vg1 RNAs might also interact with actin filaments at the vegetal c ...
Hydrophilic Linkers and Polar Contacts Affect Aggregation of FG
... monomers (Fig. 1 C). In two simulations, the aggregation process was completed after 10 and 25 ns, respectively. In the third simulation, two separate aggregates formed initially, which subsequently merged into one. In all cases, the aggregates remained stable throughout the rest of the simulation. ...
... monomers (Fig. 1 C). In two simulations, the aggregation process was completed after 10 and 25 ns, respectively. In the third simulation, two separate aggregates formed initially, which subsequently merged into one. In all cases, the aggregates remained stable throughout the rest of the simulation. ...
ROS-talk – how the apoplast, the chloroplast, and the nucleus get
... accumulation of ROS. The first phase occurs within tens of minutes from the onset of infection. It is mostly apoplastic and is tightly linked to NADPH oxidase activity (Figure 2). The second increase in ROS production happens several hours after the pathogen attack (Lamb and Dixon, 1997; Jones and Da ...
... accumulation of ROS. The first phase occurs within tens of minutes from the onset of infection. It is mostly apoplastic and is tightly linked to NADPH oxidase activity (Figure 2). The second increase in ROS production happens several hours after the pathogen attack (Lamb and Dixon, 1997; Jones and Da ...
Electron Microscope
... protect the tissue from being scratched, to provide better optical quality for viewing under the microscope with . Canda balsam or DPX (mixture of distyrene, a plasticizer, and xylene ) ...
... protect the tissue from being scratched, to provide better optical quality for viewing under the microscope with . Canda balsam or DPX (mixture of distyrene, a plasticizer, and xylene ) ...
TIBS Review - Structural Genomics Consortium
... chromatin biology, is associated with open chromatin structure and transcriptional stimulation. Deregulation of acetylation levels has long been associated with disease, and the enzymes responsible for the removal of this modification (histone deacetylases, HDACs) have been successfully targeted in ...
... chromatin biology, is associated with open chromatin structure and transcriptional stimulation. Deregulation of acetylation levels has long been associated with disease, and the enzymes responsible for the removal of this modification (histone deacetylases, HDACs) have been successfully targeted in ...
05 Keim
... In bacteria, PHA inclusions are very common [8,35]. They are typically 0.2–0.5 µm in diameter and are surrounded by a membrane coat 2–4 nm thick, composed of lipid and protein. The main function of PHA is carbon and energy storage [8,35]. Poly-β-hydroxybutyrate and poly-β-hydroxyvalerate are the mos ...
... In bacteria, PHA inclusions are very common [8,35]. They are typically 0.2–0.5 µm in diameter and are surrounded by a membrane coat 2–4 nm thick, composed of lipid and protein. The main function of PHA is carbon and energy storage [8,35]. Poly-β-hydroxybutyrate and poly-β-hydroxyvalerate are the mos ...
Plastid RNA polymerases - Journal of Experimental Botany
... an adaptation to the different developmental programmes underlying chloroplast biogenesis in monocotyledons and dicotyledons still needs to be elucidated. Interestingly, the rpo genes in the green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii are monocistronic units dispersed over the plastome, indicating that th ...
... an adaptation to the different developmental programmes underlying chloroplast biogenesis in monocotyledons and dicotyledons still needs to be elucidated. Interestingly, the rpo genes in the green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii are monocistronic units dispersed over the plastome, indicating that th ...
Endocytosis unplugged: multiple ways to enter the cell
... The host phagocytic machinery can also be manipulated by bacterial pathogens to facilitate their own internalization. Here too, two general models have been described that outline bacterial entry into cells: the ‘trigger’ or ‘zipper’ models. Salmonella and Shigella are examples of ‘triggering’ bacte ...
... The host phagocytic machinery can also be manipulated by bacterial pathogens to facilitate their own internalization. Here too, two general models have been described that outline bacterial entry into cells: the ‘trigger’ or ‘zipper’ models. Salmonella and Shigella are examples of ‘triggering’ bacte ...
Raven/Johnson Biology 8e
... c. The presence of transport proteins in the membrane d. All of the above The correct answer is b— A. Answer a is incorrect. The structure of the phospholipids bilayer is not a barrier to the movement of nonpolar molecules. Nonpolar molecules can move through the hydrophobic core of the bilayer. The ...
... c. The presence of transport proteins in the membrane d. All of the above The correct answer is b— A. Answer a is incorrect. The structure of the phospholipids bilayer is not a barrier to the movement of nonpolar molecules. Nonpolar molecules can move through the hydrophobic core of the bilayer. The ...
Raven/Johnson Biology 8e Chapter 05 – Answers 1. The description
... c. The presence of transport proteins in the membrane d. All of the above The correct answer is b— A. Answer a is incorrect. The structure of the phospholipids bilayer is not a barrier to the movement of nonpolar molecules. Nonpolar molecules can move through the hydrophobic core of the bilayer. The ...
... c. The presence of transport proteins in the membrane d. All of the above The correct answer is b— A. Answer a is incorrect. The structure of the phospholipids bilayer is not a barrier to the movement of nonpolar molecules. Nonpolar molecules can move through the hydrophobic core of the bilayer. The ...
Cranial nerves
... ganglia. Causes facial paralysis, +/hearing loss/vertigo (spread to CN8). Rash seen on external acoustic meatus and lateral tongue (Ramsay Hunt syndrome type 2/herpes zoster oticus) ...
... ganglia. Causes facial paralysis, +/hearing loss/vertigo (spread to CN8). Rash seen on external acoustic meatus and lateral tongue (Ramsay Hunt syndrome type 2/herpes zoster oticus) ...
The TACC proteins: TACC-ling microtubule dynamics and
... To date, all the phenotypes described for situations in which the expression of TACC proteins is altered are related to defects in microtubule stability. In C. elegans, TAC-1-depleted embryos show defects in pronuclear migration, shorter spindles and defective spindle elongation in anaphase. They al ...
... To date, all the phenotypes described for situations in which the expression of TACC proteins is altered are related to defects in microtubule stability. In C. elegans, TAC-1-depleted embryos show defects in pronuclear migration, shorter spindles and defective spindle elongation in anaphase. They al ...
The connection of cytoskeletal network with plasma membrane and
... spatially and temporarily regulating the transportation and deposition of cell wall components. This tight control is achieved by the dynamic behavior of the cytoskeletons, but also through the tethering of these structures to the plasma membrane. This tethering may also extend beyond the plasma mem ...
... spatially and temporarily regulating the transportation and deposition of cell wall components. This tight control is achieved by the dynamic behavior of the cytoskeletons, but also through the tethering of these structures to the plasma membrane. This tethering may also extend beyond the plasma mem ...
Inside A Cell
... • The cell membrane is the thin layer around the cell that holds organelles in place. • Cell membranes are semi-permeable, meaning that only certain particles are allowed to pass through them. • The cell membrane is the gatekeeper of the cell. • Lipids are organic compounds like fats and waxes that ...
... • The cell membrane is the thin layer around the cell that holds organelles in place. • Cell membranes are semi-permeable, meaning that only certain particles are allowed to pass through them. • The cell membrane is the gatekeeper of the cell. • Lipids are organic compounds like fats and waxes that ...
Chromosome organization and dynamics during
... each other among all chromosomes in the nucleus and juxtapose. Pairing includes bringing chromosomes together into a close proximity as well as an intimate homology search to recognize the correct pairing partner. Pairing interactions at select locations are followed by alignment along the entire le ...
... each other among all chromosomes in the nucleus and juxtapose. Pairing includes bringing chromosomes together into a close proximity as well as an intimate homology search to recognize the correct pairing partner. Pairing interactions at select locations are followed by alignment along the entire le ...
A proteomic chronology of gene expression through the cell cycle in
... more powerful, allowing researchers to move beyond just measuring the total amounts of mRNA and protein in the cell to now measuring individual amounts of specific mRNA and protein molecules encoded by specific genes. However, it has been a challenge to make these measurements at different stages of ...
... more powerful, allowing researchers to move beyond just measuring the total amounts of mRNA and protein in the cell to now measuring individual amounts of specific mRNA and protein molecules encoded by specific genes. However, it has been a challenge to make these measurements at different stages of ...
Cell nucleus
In cell biology, the nucleus (pl. nuclei; from Latin nucleus or nuculeus, meaning kernel) is a membrane-enclosed organelle found in eukaryotic cells. Eukaryotes usually have a single nucleus, but a few cell types have no nuclei, and a few others have many.Cell nuclei contain most of the cell's genetic material, organized as multiple long linear DNA molecules in complex with a large variety of proteins, such as histones, to form chromosomes. The genes within these chromosomes are the cell's nuclear genome. The function of the nucleus is to maintain the integrity of these genes and to control the activities of the cell by regulating gene expression—the nucleus is, therefore, the control center of the cell. The main structures making up the nucleus are the nuclear envelope, a double membrane that encloses the entire organelle and isolates its contents from the cellular cytoplasm, and the nucleoskeleton (which includes nuclear lamina), a network within the nucleus that adds mechanical support, much like the cytoskeleton, which supports the cell as a whole.Because the nuclear membrane is impermeable to large molecules, nuclear pores are required that regulate nuclear transport of molecules across the envelope. The pores cross both nuclear membranes, providing a channel through which larger molecules must be actively transported by carrier proteins while allowing free movement of small molecules and ions. Movement of large molecules such as proteins and RNA through the pores is required for both gene expression and the maintenance of chromosomes. The interior of the nucleus does not contain any membrane-bound sub compartments, its contents are not uniform, and a number of sub-nuclear bodies exist, made up of unique proteins, RNA molecules, and particular parts of the chromosomes. The best-known of these is the nucleolus, which is mainly involved in the assembly of ribosomes. After being produced in the nucleolus, ribosomes are exported to the cytoplasm where they translate mRNA.