A genome-wide resource of cell cycle and cell shape genes of
... for cell cycle studies for many years [4]. It is a rod-shaped, unicellular eukaryote that grows by apical extension and divides by medial fission and septation. This regular cell shape has made fission yeast a very useful organism to identify genes involved in the cell cycle and the generation and m ...
... for cell cycle studies for many years [4]. It is a rod-shaped, unicellular eukaryote that grows by apical extension and divides by medial fission and septation. This regular cell shape has made fission yeast a very useful organism to identify genes involved in the cell cycle and the generation and m ...
The Cleavage and Polyadenylation Specificity Factor in Xenopus
... of poly(A) to below a certain length often triggering mRNA decay (5). A variety of sequences within the 3⬘ untranslated region (UTR) of mRNAs have been shown to regulate the rates of both poly(A) addition and removal (51), thereby influencing both translation and mRNA stability. The detailed molecul ...
... of poly(A) to below a certain length often triggering mRNA decay (5). A variety of sequences within the 3⬘ untranslated region (UTR) of mRNAs have been shown to regulate the rates of both poly(A) addition and removal (51), thereby influencing both translation and mRNA stability. The detailed molecul ...
- Wiley Online Library
... altered A-to-I editing of various RNAs has been associated with a wide range of diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.60,61 In the human transcriptome, more than 99% of the editing sites are reported to be positioned in Alu sequences, which are short interspersed nuc ...
... altered A-to-I editing of various RNAs has been associated with a wide range of diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.60,61 In the human transcriptome, more than 99% of the editing sites are reported to be positioned in Alu sequences, which are short interspersed nuc ...
Using RNA as Molecular Code for Programming Cellular Function
... sRNA-mediated translation repression also follows similar rules of sRNA:mRNA interaction, except in this case the binding of the sRNA results in the occlusion of the RBS. This process of translation repression can either be aided by the Hfq RNA chaperone, or operate independently of it.90 Unlike sRN ...
... sRNA-mediated translation repression also follows similar rules of sRNA:mRNA interaction, except in this case the binding of the sRNA results in the occlusion of the RBS. This process of translation repression can either be aided by the Hfq RNA chaperone, or operate independently of it.90 Unlike sRN ...
PLANT IN VITRO TRANSCRIPTION SYSTEMS
... of these nonspecific contaminants, several assay methods have been tested. In vitro reactions are generally carried out using linear DNA templates, and transcription is allowed to proceed up to the end of the fragment. Specific initiation sites can be calculated from the size of a transcript(s) usin ...
... of these nonspecific contaminants, several assay methods have been tested. In vitro reactions are generally carried out using linear DNA templates, and transcription is allowed to proceed up to the end of the fragment. Specific initiation sites can be calculated from the size of a transcript(s) usin ...
Degradation by bacteria of membrane and soluble protein in seawater
... 0.95 to 0.99 (Fig. lB, Table 3). It is notable that degradation rates of soluble and membrane proteins did not change substantially after rapid growth of flagellates at the latter stage of incubation (Fig. 1C).This result suggests that ingestion of proteins by flagellates (Tranvik et al. 1993) contr ...
... 0.95 to 0.99 (Fig. lB, Table 3). It is notable that degradation rates of soluble and membrane proteins did not change substantially after rapid growth of flagellates at the latter stage of incubation (Fig. 1C).This result suggests that ingestion of proteins by flagellates (Tranvik et al. 1993) contr ...
Spatial and temporal regulation of DNA
... of germination, DNA fragmentation (about 200 bp laddering) occurred in aleurone cells. The appearance of DNA fragmentation started in the aleurone cells near the embryo and extended to the distal end of the grain during germination. This DNA fragmentation could be dramatically accelerated by applica ...
... of germination, DNA fragmentation (about 200 bp laddering) occurred in aleurone cells. The appearance of DNA fragmentation started in the aleurone cells near the embryo and extended to the distal end of the grain during germination. This DNA fragmentation could be dramatically accelerated by applica ...
Fission yeast Tor2 promotes cell growth and represses cell
... proteins. As shown in Fig. 2B, Tor1 coimmunoprecipitated with Ste20 but not with Mip1, and Ste20 co-immunoprecipitated with Tor1 but not with Tor2. Furthermore, Tor2 coimmunoprecipitated with Mip1 but not with Ste20, and Mip1 co-immunoprecipitated with Tor2 but not with Tor1. However, Pop3 coimmunop ...
... proteins. As shown in Fig. 2B, Tor1 coimmunoprecipitated with Ste20 but not with Mip1, and Ste20 co-immunoprecipitated with Tor1 but not with Tor2. Furthermore, Tor2 coimmunoprecipitated with Mip1 but not with Ste20, and Mip1 co-immunoprecipitated with Tor2 but not with Tor1. However, Pop3 coimmunop ...
i ANALYSIS OF THE ENU-3 PROTEIN FAMILY IN NERVOUS
... and development are followed by approximately one billion human neuronal cells and allow for connections even with distantly located cells. The factors that contribute to the directionality of developing neurons are still poorly understood. For instance, the identity of all the molecular cues involv ...
... and development are followed by approximately one billion human neuronal cells and allow for connections even with distantly located cells. The factors that contribute to the directionality of developing neurons are still poorly understood. For instance, the identity of all the molecular cues involv ...
RNAi (PDF) (1.14 MB)
... To account for the sequence specificity and posttranscriptional nature of PTGS, it has been proposed that antisense RNA forms a duplex with the target RNA, thereby promoting its degradation or interfering with its translation (12). If these hypothetical antisense RNA molecules are of a similar size t ...
... To account for the sequence specificity and posttranscriptional nature of PTGS, it has been proposed that antisense RNA forms a duplex with the target RNA, thereby promoting its degradation or interfering with its translation (12). If these hypothetical antisense RNA molecules are of a similar size t ...
medline:93194904
... Activation of NF-kappa B by interleukin 2 in human blood monocytes. We report here that interleukin 2 (IL-2) acts on human blood monocytes by enhancing binding activity of the transcription factor NF-kappa B to its consensus sequence in the 5' regulatory enhancer region of the IL-2 receptor alpha ch ...
... Activation of NF-kappa B by interleukin 2 in human blood monocytes. We report here that interleukin 2 (IL-2) acts on human blood monocytes by enhancing binding activity of the transcription factor NF-kappa B to its consensus sequence in the 5' regulatory enhancer region of the IL-2 receptor alpha ch ...
Mutations in the Drosophila Condensin Subunit
... Hirano 2003). These three subunits form an 11S regulatory subcomplex that is required to activate the SMC ATPases and to promote mitosis-specific chromatin binding of the holocomplex (Kimura and Hirano 2000). However, the individual functions of the non-SMC subunits within the complex remain undefin ...
... Hirano 2003). These three subunits form an 11S regulatory subcomplex that is required to activate the SMC ATPases and to promote mitosis-specific chromatin binding of the holocomplex (Kimura and Hirano 2000). However, the individual functions of the non-SMC subunits within the complex remain undefin ...
central spindle and contractile ring for cytokinesis encodes a kinesin
... stained to reveal DNA (red) and either Peanut (A and D, green), Actin (B and E, green), or Anillin (C and F, blue). In wild type (A), Peanut is distributed beneath the cell surface, and at anaphase it accumulates near the nascent contractile ring (arrow) and remains associated with this region throu ...
... stained to reveal DNA (red) and either Peanut (A and D, green), Actin (B and E, green), or Anillin (C and F, blue). In wild type (A), Peanut is distributed beneath the cell surface, and at anaphase it accumulates near the nascent contractile ring (arrow) and remains associated with this region throu ...
FURTHER STUDIES ON THE THETA CELL OF THE MOUSE
... Theta cells show dense aggregations of the endoplasmic reticulum at the cell periphery corresponding with the basophilic region observed by light microscopy (Fig. 1). In this area, membranebounded cavities of the endoplasmic reticulum are very flattened and extend to distant areas. The contents of t ...
... Theta cells show dense aggregations of the endoplasmic reticulum at the cell periphery corresponding with the basophilic region observed by light microscopy (Fig. 1). In this area, membranebounded cavities of the endoplasmic reticulum are very flattened and extend to distant areas. The contents of t ...
Actin behavior in bulk cytoplasm is cell cycle regulated in early
... turning off of Rap1 is also important (Dao et al., 2009). Focused cortical tension is thought to drive ingression of the cleavage furrow (Schroeder, 1968) (reviewed by Eggert et al., 2006). These models do not consider possible mechanical contributions from bulk cytoplasm in cell-cycle-regulated sha ...
... turning off of Rap1 is also important (Dao et al., 2009). Focused cortical tension is thought to drive ingression of the cleavage furrow (Schroeder, 1968) (reviewed by Eggert et al., 2006). These models do not consider possible mechanical contributions from bulk cytoplasm in cell-cycle-regulated sha ...
In Vivo Release of Mitotic Silencing of Ribosomal Gene
... transcription seem to be present on chromosomes, since they can be reactivated in vitro by agents blocking new initiation events (Matsui et al., 1979; Matsui and Sandberg, 1985). Considering these observations, it may be proposed that the mitotic inactivation of rDNA transcription occurs at the leve ...
... transcription seem to be present on chromosomes, since they can be reactivated in vitro by agents blocking new initiation events (Matsui et al., 1979; Matsui and Sandberg, 1985). Considering these observations, it may be proposed that the mitotic inactivation of rDNA transcription occurs at the leve ...
In-Cell Solid-State NMR - Institut de Biologie Physico
... observed previously, thanks to an enhancement factor of up to 90 at 380 MHz (17). In 2011, Riqiang Fu and collaborators (16) published the first in-cell solid-state structural NMR study of a single membrane protein, the small transmembrane domain of the human lipoprotein receptor 11 (LR11) embedded ...
... observed previously, thanks to an enhancement factor of up to 90 at 380 MHz (17). In 2011, Riqiang Fu and collaborators (16) published the first in-cell solid-state structural NMR study of a single membrane protein, the small transmembrane domain of the human lipoprotein receptor 11 (LR11) embedded ...
Protein Dynamics in the Plant Extracellular Space
... on the metabolic processes occurring in the ECS under abiotic and biotic stresses, as well as under non-challenged conditions. The large majority of the proteins detected are involved in “cell wall organization and biogenesis”, “response to stimulus” and “protein metabolism”. It becomes apparent tha ...
... on the metabolic processes occurring in the ECS under abiotic and biotic stresses, as well as under non-challenged conditions. The large majority of the proteins detected are involved in “cell wall organization and biogenesis”, “response to stimulus” and “protein metabolism”. It becomes apparent tha ...
Chapter 17
... Promoters signal the transcriptional start point and usually extend several dozen nucleotide pairs upstream of the start point Transcription factors mediate the binding of RNA polymerase and the initiation of transcription The completed assembly of transcription factors and RNA polymerase II b ...
... Promoters signal the transcriptional start point and usually extend several dozen nucleotide pairs upstream of the start point Transcription factors mediate the binding of RNA polymerase and the initiation of transcription The completed assembly of transcription factors and RNA polymerase II b ...
Expression of the Nucleus-Encoded Chloroplast Division Genes and
... division-related genes and proteins that are encoded in some of these algal chloroplast genomes were analyzed. The results show that most but not all the nucleus-encoded chloroplast division genes and proteins, regardless of origin, are expressed during the S phase and that the expression of the chl ...
... division-related genes and proteins that are encoded in some of these algal chloroplast genomes were analyzed. The results show that most but not all the nucleus-encoded chloroplast division genes and proteins, regardless of origin, are expressed during the S phase and that the expression of the chl ...
biological membranes - Biochemical Society
... fusion with the cell plasma membrane. If methods can be developed for targeting liposomes to particular tissues, drugs could be carried in liposomes to these tissues. Cholesterol, too, is amphipathic due to its hydrophobic rings and side-chain, and its hydrophilic hydroxy group. It can be incorporat ...
... fusion with the cell plasma membrane. If methods can be developed for targeting liposomes to particular tissues, drugs could be carried in liposomes to these tissues. Cholesterol, too, is amphipathic due to its hydrophobic rings and side-chain, and its hydrophilic hydroxy group. It can be incorporat ...
Cell nucleus
In cell biology, the nucleus (pl. nuclei; from Latin nucleus or nuculeus, meaning kernel) is a membrane-enclosed organelle found in eukaryotic cells. Eukaryotes usually have a single nucleus, but a few cell types have no nuclei, and a few others have many.Cell nuclei contain most of the cell's genetic material, organized as multiple long linear DNA molecules in complex with a large variety of proteins, such as histones, to form chromosomes. The genes within these chromosomes are the cell's nuclear genome. The function of the nucleus is to maintain the integrity of these genes and to control the activities of the cell by regulating gene expression—the nucleus is, therefore, the control center of the cell. The main structures making up the nucleus are the nuclear envelope, a double membrane that encloses the entire organelle and isolates its contents from the cellular cytoplasm, and the nucleoskeleton (which includes nuclear lamina), a network within the nucleus that adds mechanical support, much like the cytoskeleton, which supports the cell as a whole.Because the nuclear membrane is impermeable to large molecules, nuclear pores are required that regulate nuclear transport of molecules across the envelope. The pores cross both nuclear membranes, providing a channel through which larger molecules must be actively transported by carrier proteins while allowing free movement of small molecules and ions. Movement of large molecules such as proteins and RNA through the pores is required for both gene expression and the maintenance of chromosomes. The interior of the nucleus does not contain any membrane-bound sub compartments, its contents are not uniform, and a number of sub-nuclear bodies exist, made up of unique proteins, RNA molecules, and particular parts of the chromosomes. The best-known of these is the nucleolus, which is mainly involved in the assembly of ribosomes. After being produced in the nucleolus, ribosomes are exported to the cytoplasm where they translate mRNA.