RNA-binding proteins
... RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) play key roles in post-transcriptional control of RNAs, which, along with transcriptional regulation, is a major way to regulate patterns of gene expression during development. Post-transcriptional control can occur at many different steps in RNA metabolism, including spl ...
... RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) play key roles in post-transcriptional control of RNAs, which, along with transcriptional regulation, is a major way to regulate patterns of gene expression during development. Post-transcriptional control can occur at many different steps in RNA metabolism, including spl ...
Escherichia coli Karl Skoog
... Escherichia coli is a bacterium that normally grows in the lower intestine of warm-blooded organisms and it is named after its finder, the German scientist, Theodor Escherich. E. coli is essential for producing vitamin K in its hosts, as infection of germ-free rats deficient in vitamin K with E. col ...
... Escherichia coli is a bacterium that normally grows in the lower intestine of warm-blooded organisms and it is named after its finder, the German scientist, Theodor Escherich. E. coli is essential for producing vitamin K in its hosts, as infection of germ-free rats deficient in vitamin K with E. col ...
DNA REPLICATION CHECKPOINT CONTROL 7. Acknowledgments
... checkpoint, but Chk1 is neither necessary nor sufficient for the normal response to replication arrest (12, 32-34). Chk1 is not normally activated by HU, but in the absence of Cds1, Chk1 is activated and can arrest cells, preventing premature mitosis (12, 32). Despite this arrest, Cds1 null cells ra ...
... checkpoint, but Chk1 is neither necessary nor sufficient for the normal response to replication arrest (12, 32-34). Chk1 is not normally activated by HU, but in the absence of Cds1, Chk1 is activated and can arrest cells, preventing premature mitosis (12, 32). Despite this arrest, Cds1 null cells ra ...
The bacterial divisome: ready for its close-up
... To understand more about divisome structure, several avenues have been taken. One successful approach identified which divisome proteins could still properly localize after removal of other divisome proteins. As knockouts of divisome protein genes are generally lethal, these types of experiments hav ...
... To understand more about divisome structure, several avenues have been taken. One successful approach identified which divisome proteins could still properly localize after removal of other divisome proteins. As knockouts of divisome protein genes are generally lethal, these types of experiments hav ...
Localisation of the Ki-67 antigen within the nucleolus
... by CLSM. Each panel shows a confocal mid-section through a nucleus displaying representative patterns of staining. Ki-67 staining is shown in red (Fig. 3A,D,G,J,M) and co-staining antibodies shown in green (Fig. 3B,E,H,K,N). CLSM allows the precise imposition of one image over another. In this case, ...
... by CLSM. Each panel shows a confocal mid-section through a nucleus displaying representative patterns of staining. Ki-67 staining is shown in red (Fig. 3A,D,G,J,M) and co-staining antibodies shown in green (Fig. 3B,E,H,K,N). CLSM allows the precise imposition of one image over another. In this case, ...
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... ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 67 TOP: 3.5 THE EUKARYOTIC CELL AND THE RISE OF MULTICELLULARITY BLM: Knowledge 28. What is a key trait of a multicellular organism? a. The organism has many cells. b. All the organism’s cells have the same function. c. A division of labour exists among the organi ...
... ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 67 TOP: 3.5 THE EUKARYOTIC CELL AND THE RISE OF MULTICELLULARITY BLM: Knowledge 28. What is a key trait of a multicellular organism? a. The organism has many cells. b. All the organism’s cells have the same function. c. A division of labour exists among the organi ...
Arabidopsis Phragmoplast-Associated Kinesins Play
... nucleus in wild-type pollen grains. To test whether the abnormal mutant pollen grains produced a generative cell or sperm, we examined them by transmission electron microscopy. In wildtype pollen grains, the vegetative nucleus and sperm (only one revealed in this section) were found in the pollen cy ...
... nucleus in wild-type pollen grains. To test whether the abnormal mutant pollen grains produced a generative cell or sperm, we examined them by transmission electron microscopy. In wildtype pollen grains, the vegetative nucleus and sperm (only one revealed in this section) were found in the pollen cy ...
Cutting the nonsense: the degradation of PTC containing mRNAs
... The cascade of events during gene expression involves a series of complex and tightly linked steps from transcription of the DNA-encoded genetic information to the eventual protein synthesis. Whereas the intricacy of gene expression allows for fine-tuned regulation at many different levels, it also ...
... The cascade of events during gene expression involves a series of complex and tightly linked steps from transcription of the DNA-encoded genetic information to the eventual protein synthesis. Whereas the intricacy of gene expression allows for fine-tuned regulation at many different levels, it also ...
Use of Cellular Decapping Activators by Positive
... are capped at their 50 end, and at their 30 end carry a conserved tRNA-like structure (TLS) instead of a poly(A) tail. Both UTRs contain overlapping sequences that control translation and the initiation of negative-strand synthesis (reviewed in [33]). RNA1 and RNA2 encode helicase 1a and polymerase ...
... are capped at their 50 end, and at their 30 end carry a conserved tRNA-like structure (TLS) instead of a poly(A) tail. Both UTRs contain overlapping sequences that control translation and the initiation of negative-strand synthesis (reviewed in [33]). RNA1 and RNA2 encode helicase 1a and polymerase ...
Phagosome maturation in unicellular eukaryote Paramecium: the
... pathway to ingest bacteria and other food particles. Digestion process starts up upon fusion of phagosomes (i.e. digestive vacuoles at stage II; DV-II) with the primary lysosomes (Allen and Fok 2000) on which we focused our analysis looking for molecular machinery involved in phagolysosome formation ...
... pathway to ingest bacteria and other food particles. Digestion process starts up upon fusion of phagosomes (i.e. digestive vacuoles at stage II; DV-II) with the primary lysosomes (Allen and Fok 2000) on which we focused our analysis looking for molecular machinery involved in phagolysosome formation ...
Plant Cytokinesis Is Orchestrated by the Sequential Action of the
... The TRAPPII complex is required for cell plate biogenesis, and the exocyst is required for cell plate maturation. The TRAPPII complex sorts plasma membrane proteins, including exocyst subunits, at the cell plate throughout cytokinesis. We show that the two tethering complexes physically interact and ...
... The TRAPPII complex is required for cell plate biogenesis, and the exocyst is required for cell plate maturation. The TRAPPII complex sorts plasma membrane proteins, including exocyst subunits, at the cell plate throughout cytokinesis. We show that the two tethering complexes physically interact and ...
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... of the function of CDM family members closely related to Mbc. Because CDM proteins form part of multiple signalling pathways, the best-characterised being the Crk-CDM-Rac pathway, we have also used our assay to investigate a postulated role for the adaptor proteins Crk and Crk-like (Crkl) in myoblas ...
... of the function of CDM family members closely related to Mbc. Because CDM proteins form part of multiple signalling pathways, the best-characterised being the Crk-CDM-Rac pathway, we have also used our assay to investigate a postulated role for the adaptor proteins Crk and Crk-like (Crkl) in myoblas ...
Nup358 interacts with APC and plays a role in cell polarization
... unclear. Furthermore, live-cell imaging studies indicated that the dynamics of RFP-GST-APC-M at the microtubule ends is similar to that of EB1 (supplementary material Movie 1). As the middle region of APC is also involved in interaction with Nup358, we examined the localization of endogenous Nup358 ...
... unclear. Furthermore, live-cell imaging studies indicated that the dynamics of RFP-GST-APC-M at the microtubule ends is similar to that of EB1 (supplementary material Movie 1). As the middle region of APC is also involved in interaction with Nup358, we examined the localization of endogenous Nup358 ...
QNQKE Targeting Motif for the SMN-Gemin Multiprotein Complex in Neurons *
... and, although the unique presence SMN2 in humans can protect against lethality, a neurodegenerative process occurs leading to SMA. Efforts to develop therapeutic strategies for SMA have focused on identifying drugs that increase levels of the full-length SMN protein encoded by the SMN2 gene, by enha ...
... and, although the unique presence SMN2 in humans can protect against lethality, a neurodegenerative process occurs leading to SMA. Efforts to develop therapeutic strategies for SMA have focused on identifying drugs that increase levels of the full-length SMN protein encoded by the SMN2 gene, by enha ...
Molecular organization of the cell wall of Candida albicans and its
... the wall, specifically the phosphodiester-linked, acid-labile b-1,2-mannan, which determines the serotype classification. It has been found that the acid-labile oligomannosides from hydrophobic cells are longer and potentially present in greater abundance than those from hydrophilic cells, and that ...
... the wall, specifically the phosphodiester-linked, acid-labile b-1,2-mannan, which determines the serotype classification. It has been found that the acid-labile oligomannosides from hydrophobic cells are longer and potentially present in greater abundance than those from hydrophilic cells, and that ...
29.9 Tanaka
... biological and artificial materials. They can be placed either directly on solids or on ultrathin polymer supports that mimic the generic role of the extracellular matrix. The tools of modern genetic engineering and bioorganic chemistry make it possible to couple many types of biomolecule to support ...
... biological and artificial materials. They can be placed either directly on solids or on ultrathin polymer supports that mimic the generic role of the extracellular matrix. The tools of modern genetic engineering and bioorganic chemistry make it possible to couple many types of biomolecule to support ...
biological membranes and membrane transport
... Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other autotrophic organisms to convert light energy, normally from the sun, into chemical energy that can be used to fuel the organisms' activities. Carbohydrates, such as sugars, are synthesized from carbon dioxide during the process. In plants, light- ...
... Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other autotrophic organisms to convert light energy, normally from the sun, into chemical energy that can be used to fuel the organisms' activities. Carbohydrates, such as sugars, are synthesized from carbon dioxide during the process. In plants, light- ...
Chapter 3 Cells and Tissues
... Nucleus • Controls cell because it contains most of the genetic code (genome)—instructions for making proteins, which in turn determine cell structure and function • Component structures include nuclear envelope, nucleoplasm, nucleolus, and chromatin granules • DNA molecules become tightly coiled ch ...
... Nucleus • Controls cell because it contains most of the genetic code (genome)—instructions for making proteins, which in turn determine cell structure and function • Component structures include nuclear envelope, nucleoplasm, nucleolus, and chromatin granules • DNA molecules become tightly coiled ch ...
Cell nucleus
In cell biology, the nucleus (pl. nuclei; from Latin nucleus or nuculeus, meaning kernel) is a membrane-enclosed organelle found in eukaryotic cells. Eukaryotes usually have a single nucleus, but a few cell types have no nuclei, and a few others have many.Cell nuclei contain most of the cell's genetic material, organized as multiple long linear DNA molecules in complex with a large variety of proteins, such as histones, to form chromosomes. The genes within these chromosomes are the cell's nuclear genome. The function of the nucleus is to maintain the integrity of these genes and to control the activities of the cell by regulating gene expression—the nucleus is, therefore, the control center of the cell. The main structures making up the nucleus are the nuclear envelope, a double membrane that encloses the entire organelle and isolates its contents from the cellular cytoplasm, and the nucleoskeleton (which includes nuclear lamina), a network within the nucleus that adds mechanical support, much like the cytoskeleton, which supports the cell as a whole.Because the nuclear membrane is impermeable to large molecules, nuclear pores are required that regulate nuclear transport of molecules across the envelope. The pores cross both nuclear membranes, providing a channel through which larger molecules must be actively transported by carrier proteins while allowing free movement of small molecules and ions. Movement of large molecules such as proteins and RNA through the pores is required for both gene expression and the maintenance of chromosomes. The interior of the nucleus does not contain any membrane-bound sub compartments, its contents are not uniform, and a number of sub-nuclear bodies exist, made up of unique proteins, RNA molecules, and particular parts of the chromosomes. The best-known of these is the nucleolus, which is mainly involved in the assembly of ribosomes. After being produced in the nucleolus, ribosomes are exported to the cytoplasm where they translate mRNA.