Photoactivation of GFP reveals protein dynamics within the
... activated, its movement can subsequently be tracked by time-lapse imaging. The Golgi apparatus was marked at the same time using a construct consisting of the transmembrane domain of a rat sialyl transferase (Boevink et al., 1998) fused to red fluorescent protein (mRFP). Two different software appro ...
... activated, its movement can subsequently be tracked by time-lapse imaging. The Golgi apparatus was marked at the same time using a construct consisting of the transmembrane domain of a rat sialyl transferase (Boevink et al., 1998) fused to red fluorescent protein (mRFP). Two different software appro ...
μMACS™ mRNA Isolation Kits
... and washing steps. The μMACS mRNA Isolation is a robust and reproducible procedure based on MACS® Technology. It enables direct isolation of mRNA without prior preparation of total RNA. With the μMACS mRNA Isolation Kits full length, intact mRNA can be obtained from fresh, frozen, or cultured cells1 ...
... and washing steps. The μMACS mRNA Isolation is a robust and reproducible procedure based on MACS® Technology. It enables direct isolation of mRNA without prior preparation of total RNA. With the μMACS mRNA Isolation Kits full length, intact mRNA can be obtained from fresh, frozen, or cultured cells1 ...
Slam and germ cell migration - Development
... migration defect is first observed when the germ cells leave the midgut, we analyzed the development of the midgut and the gonadal mesoderm in mutant embryos. In situ hybridization with RACE, an enzyme expressed in the posterior midgut primordium, reveals a delay in the transition from an epithelium ...
... migration defect is first observed when the germ cells leave the midgut, we analyzed the development of the midgut and the gonadal mesoderm in mutant embryos. In situ hybridization with RACE, an enzyme expressed in the posterior midgut primordium, reveals a delay in the transition from an epithelium ...
Type III secretion: The bacteria-eukaryotic cell
... chaperone, helps the hydrophobic translocators to integrate in the eukaryotic plasma membrane and to form there a pore (Fig. 2). This model is supported by similar observations made in P. aeruginosa [25], Shigella [26,27] and EPEC [28], but different aspects still need to be challenged. Firstly, the ...
... chaperone, helps the hydrophobic translocators to integrate in the eukaryotic plasma membrane and to form there a pore (Fig. 2). This model is supported by similar observations made in P. aeruginosa [25], Shigella [26,27] and EPEC [28], but different aspects still need to be challenged. Firstly, the ...
The RNase P Associated with HeLa Cell Mitochondria Contains an
... Isolation of the postmitochondrial fraction. The supernatant after the initial pelleting of the crude mitochondrial fraction from ⬃30 ml of packed cells was centrifuged for 30 min at 20,000 ⫻ gav. The supernatant, designated the postmitochondrial S20 fraction (pmS20), was carefully decanted; adjuste ...
... Isolation of the postmitochondrial fraction. The supernatant after the initial pelleting of the crude mitochondrial fraction from ⬃30 ml of packed cells was centrifuged for 30 min at 20,000 ⫻ gav. The supernatant, designated the postmitochondrial S20 fraction (pmS20), was carefully decanted; adjuste ...
How and why does β-actin mRNA target?
... apical structures. The contribution of local translation has not been evaluated because the translation of targeted mRNA has not been observed in vivo. Thus, the timing and location of translation relative to the appearance of β-actin in apical structures has not been determined. However, the mechan ...
... apical structures. The contribution of local translation has not been evaluated because the translation of targeted mRNA has not been observed in vivo. Thus, the timing and location of translation relative to the appearance of β-actin in apical structures has not been determined. However, the mechan ...
Role of cholesterol in SNARE-mediated trafficking on intracellular
... consensus) represents the best-characterized cholesterol-binding motif (Fantini and Barrantes, 2013; Li and Papadopoulos, 1998) and conforms to the pattern: L/V-X1–5-Y-X1–5-R/K (Fig. 2). Despite some skepticism, CRAC is found in several cholesterol-binding proteins, including caveolin-1 and the soma ...
... consensus) represents the best-characterized cholesterol-binding motif (Fantini and Barrantes, 2013; Li and Papadopoulos, 1998) and conforms to the pattern: L/V-X1–5-Y-X1–5-R/K (Fig. 2). Despite some skepticism, CRAC is found in several cholesterol-binding proteins, including caveolin-1 and the soma ...
Regulatory roles of cyclin dependent kinase phosphorylation in cell
... [1]. Active, T161-phosphorylated and cyclin-bound Cdk can be inhibited by phosphorylation of two conserved residues within the catalytic cleft (residues Tyrl5 [Y15] and T h r l 4 [T14] in human Cdc2; see Fig. 1). Although these regulatory phosphorylations were identified on, and are best characteriz ...
... [1]. Active, T161-phosphorylated and cyclin-bound Cdk can be inhibited by phosphorylation of two conserved residues within the catalytic cleft (residues Tyrl5 [Y15] and T h r l 4 [T14] in human Cdc2; see Fig. 1). Although these regulatory phosphorylations were identified on, and are best characteriz ...
video slide
... • The nucleus is separated from the cytoplasm by the nuclear envelope. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
... • The nucleus is separated from the cytoplasm by the nuclear envelope. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
Physical and functional link of the leukemia
... BOSC23 cells were cotransfected with HA-tagged AML1b and together either with control vector (mock) or FLAG-tagged PML isoforms (I-VI). The expression of AML1 in the lysates of transfectants was detected by immunoblotting using anti-HA (3F10) antibody (top). The lysates of transfectants were immunop ...
... BOSC23 cells were cotransfected with HA-tagged AML1b and together either with control vector (mock) or FLAG-tagged PML isoforms (I-VI). The expression of AML1 in the lysates of transfectants was detected by immunoblotting using anti-HA (3F10) antibody (top). The lysates of transfectants were immunop ...
Caspases - Essays in Biochemistry
... activation of these enzymes [10]. Activation of caspases containing long prodomains first requires oligomerization via DED or CARD domains. Following the recruitment of a single type of caspase pro-enzyme to a common oligomerization site, the low level of endogenous catalytic activity that is presen ...
... activation of these enzymes [10]. Activation of caspases containing long prodomains first requires oligomerization via DED or CARD domains. Following the recruitment of a single type of caspase pro-enzyme to a common oligomerization site, the low level of endogenous catalytic activity that is presen ...
Determination of the Correlation between Conductance and Architecture of Disordered ß-amyloid Channels
... neuronal cell membranes disrupts homeostasis and function leading to Alzheimer’s disease. These channels have been shown to be composed of variable numbers of subunits. The nonhomogenous configuration of these subunits in the channels has introduced difficulties in defining set values of ion conduct ...
... neuronal cell membranes disrupts homeostasis and function leading to Alzheimer’s disease. These channels have been shown to be composed of variable numbers of subunits. The nonhomogenous configuration of these subunits in the channels has introduced difficulties in defining set values of ion conduct ...
The Arabidopsis Rab5 Homologs Rha1 and Ara7 Localize to the
... role in vacuolar trafficking in plant cells. In this study, we investigated the localization of Rha1 and Ara7, two Arabidopsis proteins that have highly similar amino acid sequence homology to Rab5 in animal cells. Both Ara7 and Rha1 gave a punctate staining pattern and colocalized when transiently ...
... role in vacuolar trafficking in plant cells. In this study, we investigated the localization of Rha1 and Ara7, two Arabidopsis proteins that have highly similar amino acid sequence homology to Rab5 in animal cells. Both Ara7 and Rha1 gave a punctate staining pattern and colocalized when transiently ...
Germ Cell Speci fi cation - Molecular Biology and Genetics
... displaced towards one side of the cell. The P granules, RNA-rich organelles specific to the germline, and several associated cytoplasmic proteins and RNAs (collectively referred to as “germ plasm”; Table 2.1) also accumulate on that same side. As a result, each division generates daughters of unequa ...
... displaced towards one side of the cell. The P granules, RNA-rich organelles specific to the germline, and several associated cytoplasmic proteins and RNAs (collectively referred to as “germ plasm”; Table 2.1) also accumulate on that same side. As a result, each division generates daughters of unequa ...
Lesson Overview - Diman Regional
... Hormones fall into two general groups—steroid and nonsteroid hormones. Each type of hormone acts on a target cell in a different way. Steroid hormones are produced from a lipid called cholesterol. Nonsteroid hormones include proteins, small peptides, and modified amino acids. ...
... Hormones fall into two general groups—steroid and nonsteroid hormones. Each type of hormone acts on a target cell in a different way. Steroid hormones are produced from a lipid called cholesterol. Nonsteroid hormones include proteins, small peptides, and modified amino acids. ...
Microtubules
... as well as other proteins, are either present in centrioles or required for their formation. ...
... as well as other proteins, are either present in centrioles or required for their formation. ...
full text pdf
... Abstract: Plants are redox systems and redox-active compounds control and regulate all aspects of their life. Recent studies have shown that changes in reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentration mediated by enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants are transferred into redox signals used by plants t ...
... Abstract: Plants are redox systems and redox-active compounds control and regulate all aspects of their life. Recent studies have shown that changes in reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentration mediated by enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants are transferred into redox signals used by plants t ...
Redox signals as a language of interorganellar
... Abstract: Plants are redox systems and redox-active compounds control and regulate all aspects of their life. Recent studies have shown that changes in reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentration mediated by enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants are transferred into redox signals used by plants t ...
... Abstract: Plants are redox systems and redox-active compounds control and regulate all aspects of their life. Recent studies have shown that changes in reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentration mediated by enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants are transferred into redox signals used by plants t ...
The Plasma Membrane of the Cyanobacterium
... internal membrane system located in the stroma of chloroplasts and the cytoplasm of cyanobacteria. The only known exception is the primordial cyanobacterium Gloeobacter violaceus, which evolved before the appearance of thylakoids and harbors the photosynthetic complexes in the plasma membrane. Thus, ...
... internal membrane system located in the stroma of chloroplasts and the cytoplasm of cyanobacteria. The only known exception is the primordial cyanobacterium Gloeobacter violaceus, which evolved before the appearance of thylakoids and harbors the photosynthetic complexes in the plasma membrane. Thus, ...
The Plasma Membrane of the Cyanobacterium
... internal membrane system located in the stroma of chloroplasts and the cytoplasm of cyanobacteria. The only known exception is the primordial cyanobacterium Gloeobacter violaceus, which evolved before the appearance of thylakoids and harbors the photosynthetic complexes in the plasma membrane. Thus, ...
... internal membrane system located in the stroma of chloroplasts and the cytoplasm of cyanobacteria. The only known exception is the primordial cyanobacterium Gloeobacter violaceus, which evolved before the appearance of thylakoids and harbors the photosynthetic complexes in the plasma membrane. Thus, ...
Cell nucleus
In cell biology, the nucleus (pl. nuclei; from Latin nucleus or nuculeus, meaning kernel) is a membrane-enclosed organelle found in eukaryotic cells. Eukaryotes usually have a single nucleus, but a few cell types have no nuclei, and a few others have many.Cell nuclei contain most of the cell's genetic material, organized as multiple long linear DNA molecules in complex with a large variety of proteins, such as histones, to form chromosomes. The genes within these chromosomes are the cell's nuclear genome. The function of the nucleus is to maintain the integrity of these genes and to control the activities of the cell by regulating gene expression—the nucleus is, therefore, the control center of the cell. The main structures making up the nucleus are the nuclear envelope, a double membrane that encloses the entire organelle and isolates its contents from the cellular cytoplasm, and the nucleoskeleton (which includes nuclear lamina), a network within the nucleus that adds mechanical support, much like the cytoskeleton, which supports the cell as a whole.Because the nuclear membrane is impermeable to large molecules, nuclear pores are required that regulate nuclear transport of molecules across the envelope. The pores cross both nuclear membranes, providing a channel through which larger molecules must be actively transported by carrier proteins while allowing free movement of small molecules and ions. Movement of large molecules such as proteins and RNA through the pores is required for both gene expression and the maintenance of chromosomes. The interior of the nucleus does not contain any membrane-bound sub compartments, its contents are not uniform, and a number of sub-nuclear bodies exist, made up of unique proteins, RNA molecules, and particular parts of the chromosomes. The best-known of these is the nucleolus, which is mainly involved in the assembly of ribosomes. After being produced in the nucleolus, ribosomes are exported to the cytoplasm where they translate mRNA.