Gene expression control by selective RNA processing and
... that encode various proteins. To match specific physiological requirements, the level of each protein needs to be adjusted. Among possible mechanisms, RNA cleavage permits the separation of ORFs and confers different fates to each RNA portion (upstream and downstream of the cleavage site). In E. col ...
... that encode various proteins. To match specific physiological requirements, the level of each protein needs to be adjusted. Among possible mechanisms, RNA cleavage permits the separation of ORFs and confers different fates to each RNA portion (upstream and downstream of the cleavage site). In E. col ...
Protein secretion and surface display in Gram
... spdABC (surface protein display), as being required for the trafficking of YSIRK/GS proteins into the cross wall compartment [65]. Mutants that lack any one of the three spdABC genes display increased thickness of the cross wall compartment and delayed cell separation during staphylococcal cell divi ...
... spdABC (surface protein display), as being required for the trafficking of YSIRK/GS proteins into the cross wall compartment [65]. Mutants that lack any one of the three spdABC genes display increased thickness of the cross wall compartment and delayed cell separation during staphylococcal cell divi ...
Word - The Open University
... The rate of assembly of an actin filament depends on the concentration of the monomers. Once a critical threshold concentration has been exceeded, assembly of the polymeric form is favoured. However, actin monomers add on to one end of a filament much faster than to the other end, and these are refe ...
... The rate of assembly of an actin filament depends on the concentration of the monomers. Once a critical threshold concentration has been exceeded, assembly of the polymeric form is favoured. However, actin monomers add on to one end of a filament much faster than to the other end, and these are refe ...
Full-Text PDF
... inbuilt repair and maintenance, which adds complexity. Even the most primitive of needs, the replacement of component proteins, requires a simple genome encoding the proteins and provision of transcription and translational machinery (or simply translational machinery if the genome is manufactured o ...
... inbuilt repair and maintenance, which adds complexity. Even the most primitive of needs, the replacement of component proteins, requires a simple genome encoding the proteins and provision of transcription and translational machinery (or simply translational machinery if the genome is manufactured o ...
Light behind the curtain: photoregulation of nuclear architecture and
... to the regulation of different types of fundamental nuclear processes such as DNA replication, transcription, repair and chromatin condensation (Kouzarides, 2007). In addition to histone tail methylation, DNA can also become a target for chemical modifications. In particular, DNA methylation of cyto ...
... to the regulation of different types of fundamental nuclear processes such as DNA replication, transcription, repair and chromatin condensation (Kouzarides, 2007). In addition to histone tail methylation, DNA can also become a target for chemical modifications. In particular, DNA methylation of cyto ...
CELL MOTILITY: Spatial and Temporal Regulation of
... specific protein interactions and their regulation within subcellular modules of cellular motility, such as the protrusion of lamellipodia and filopodia, adhesion to the substrate, and retraction of the rear. Now that classification and characterization of small subcellular modules of cell motility ...
... specific protein interactions and their regulation within subcellular modules of cellular motility, such as the protrusion of lamellipodia and filopodia, adhesion to the substrate, and retraction of the rear. Now that classification and characterization of small subcellular modules of cell motility ...
A unifying model for mTORC1-mediated regulation of mRNA translation Please share
... manuscript with input from N.S.G. Author Information Small RNA sequencing data were deposited in the Gene Expression Omnibus (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo) under accession number GSE36892. Reprints and permissions information is available at www.nature.com/reprints. ...
... manuscript with input from N.S.G. Author Information Small RNA sequencing data were deposited in the Gene Expression Omnibus (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo) under accession number GSE36892. Reprints and permissions information is available at www.nature.com/reprints. ...
Processing of 20S prerRNA to 18S ribosomal RNA in yeast requires
... Since RIO1/RRP10 has been shown to be an essential gene (Angermayr and Bandlow, 1997), a conditional RIO1/ RRP10 allele was constructed by replacing its promoter by the inducible GAL10 promoter. The 5¢ end of this construct was also tagged with two protein A epitopes (see Supplementary data for the ...
... Since RIO1/RRP10 has been shown to be an essential gene (Angermayr and Bandlow, 1997), a conditional RIO1/ RRP10 allele was constructed by replacing its promoter by the inducible GAL10 promoter. The 5¢ end of this construct was also tagged with two protein A epitopes (see Supplementary data for the ...
Roy M.Long , Wei Gu , Ellen Lorimer,
... RNA involves the presence of speci®c cis-acting localization elements within the localized mRNA. The cisacting elements are recognized by RNA-binding proteins that physically interact with molecular motors that transport the ribonucleoprotein complex along cytoskeletal ®laments to the site of locali ...
... RNA involves the presence of speci®c cis-acting localization elements within the localized mRNA. The cisacting elements are recognized by RNA-binding proteins that physically interact with molecular motors that transport the ribonucleoprotein complex along cytoskeletal ®laments to the site of locali ...
牂楡獮整m
... The brainstem is the most caudally situated and phylogenetically oldest portion of the brain. It is grossly subdivided into the medulla oblongata (usually called simply the medulla), pons, and midbrain (or mesencephalon). The medulla is the rostral continuation of the spinal cord, while the midbrain ...
... The brainstem is the most caudally situated and phylogenetically oldest portion of the brain. It is grossly subdivided into the medulla oblongata (usually called simply the medulla), pons, and midbrain (or mesencephalon). The medulla is the rostral continuation of the spinal cord, while the midbrain ...
Regulation of Ribosomal RNA Synthesis in E. coli: Effects of the
... downstream AT-rich discriminator sequence are both important for ppGpp-dependent regulation (Riggs et al., 1986; Shand et al., 1989). On the other hand, positive stringent control has often been explained as a consequence of a passive increase in RNA polymerase concentration as consequence of the re ...
... downstream AT-rich discriminator sequence are both important for ppGpp-dependent regulation (Riggs et al., 1986; Shand et al., 1989). On the other hand, positive stringent control has often been explained as a consequence of a passive increase in RNA polymerase concentration as consequence of the re ...
Bacterial chromosome segregation
... DnaA (DnaA boxes) and repeats of an AT-rich sequence (13-mers) (reviewed by Thomas & Jagura-Burdzy, 1991). The chromosomal replication origins of different bacteria vary in the number of DnaA boxes (consensus sequence TTNTCCACA) as well as the number of AT-rich repeats. The most highly studied and b ...
... DnaA (DnaA boxes) and repeats of an AT-rich sequence (13-mers) (reviewed by Thomas & Jagura-Burdzy, 1991). The chromosomal replication origins of different bacteria vary in the number of DnaA boxes (consensus sequence TTNTCCACA) as well as the number of AT-rich repeats. The most highly studied and b ...
SMN, the Product of the Spinal Muscular Atrophy Gene, Binds
... different proteins (Friesen and Dreyfuss, 2000), and arginine methylation now emerges as a new mechanism for enhancing SMN substrate selection. Our view that protein arginine methylation is a general mechanism by which high-affinity Sm protein substrates are generated and targeted to the SMN complex ...
... different proteins (Friesen and Dreyfuss, 2000), and arginine methylation now emerges as a new mechanism for enhancing SMN substrate selection. Our view that protein arginine methylation is a general mechanism by which high-affinity Sm protein substrates are generated and targeted to the SMN complex ...
Small molecules that regulate lifespan
... down ageing in mammals. The fact that CR works on most species, even microorganisms, implies a conserved underlying mechanism. Recent findings in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae indicate that CR extends lifespan because it is a mild biological stressor that activates Sir2, a key component of yeas ...
... down ageing in mammals. The fact that CR works on most species, even microorganisms, implies a conserved underlying mechanism. Recent findings in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae indicate that CR extends lifespan because it is a mild biological stressor that activates Sir2, a key component of yeas ...
Small molecules that regulate lifespan: evidence for xenohormesis
... down ageing in mammals. The fact that CR works on most species, even microorganisms, implies a conserved underlying mechanism. Recent findings in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae indicate that CR extends lifespan because it is a mild biological stressor that activates Sir2, a key component of yeas ...
... down ageing in mammals. The fact that CR works on most species, even microorganisms, implies a conserved underlying mechanism. Recent findings in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae indicate that CR extends lifespan because it is a mild biological stressor that activates Sir2, a key component of yeas ...
Thalamus and the Internal Capsule
... resource or study aid for your use only. This presentation may not be duplicated for others and should not be redistributed or posted anywhere on the internet or on any personal websites. Your use of this resource is with the acknowledgment and acceptance of those restrictions. ...
... resource or study aid for your use only. This presentation may not be duplicated for others and should not be redistributed or posted anywhere on the internet or on any personal websites. Your use of this resource is with the acknowledgment and acceptance of those restrictions. ...
Archaea Topics in Biodiversity
... that are more closely related to those of eukaryotes: notably the enzymes involved in gene transcription and translation. Other aspects of archaean biochemistry are unique, such as the occurrence on ether lipids within their cell membranes. As with bacteria, archaea have no interior membranes or org ...
... that are more closely related to those of eukaryotes: notably the enzymes involved in gene transcription and translation. Other aspects of archaean biochemistry are unique, such as the occurrence on ether lipids within their cell membranes. As with bacteria, archaea have no interior membranes or org ...
The FluidMosaic Model of the Structure of Cell Membranes
... it was concluded that a mosaic structure of alternating globular proteins and phospholipid bilayer was the only membrane model among those analyzed that was simultaneously consistent with thermodynamic restrictions and with all the experimental data available. Since that article was written, much ne ...
... it was concluded that a mosaic structure of alternating globular proteins and phospholipid bilayer was the only membrane model among those analyzed that was simultaneously consistent with thermodynamic restrictions and with all the experimental data available. Since that article was written, much ne ...
Number and spatial distribution of nuclei in the muscle fibres of
... After the in vivo analysis, the muscles were frozen and sectioned for immunohistochemistry. The injected fibres were identified by the injected fluorescent dyes, and the fibre type was determined with the following monoclonal antibodies: type 2a, SC-71; type 1, BS-D5; and type 2b, BF-F3 (gift from S ...
... After the in vivo analysis, the muscles were frozen and sectioned for immunohistochemistry. The injected fibres were identified by the injected fluorescent dyes, and the fibre type was determined with the following monoclonal antibodies: type 2a, SC-71; type 1, BS-D5; and type 2b, BF-F3 (gift from S ...
Profilin regulates the activity of p42 , a novel Myb
... was localized in the nucleus (Fig. 2B). To evaluate the significance of the NLS and NES motifs identified in p42POP for cellular localization, several GFP-fused truncated mutants were expressed in PtK2 cells. As shown in Fig. 2D, GFPp42POP and the truncations ∆POP4, ∆POP7 and ∆POP8 were localized to ...
... was localized in the nucleus (Fig. 2B). To evaluate the significance of the NLS and NES motifs identified in p42POP for cellular localization, several GFP-fused truncated mutants were expressed in PtK2 cells. As shown in Fig. 2D, GFPp42POP and the truncations ∆POP4, ∆POP7 and ∆POP8 were localized to ...
The biochemistry of differentiation of mouse
... preparations of giant nuclei dissected from the trophoblast and stained with Feulgen, Giemsa or fluorochromes we have been unable to find any evidence of polytene chromosomes. Some nuclei possess chromatin that has a fibrillar appearance, but for the most part these fibrils show no particular orient ...
... preparations of giant nuclei dissected from the trophoblast and stained with Feulgen, Giemsa or fluorochromes we have been unable to find any evidence of polytene chromosomes. Some nuclei possess chromatin that has a fibrillar appearance, but for the most part these fibrils show no particular orient ...
Centrosome Maturation and Mitotic Spindle Assembly in C. elegans
... calculated molecular mass of 135 kDa, and contains 11 predicted coiled-coil regions that range in size from roughly 30 to 60 amino acids in length (Figure 1B). BLAST searches do not reveal clear orthologs but indicate that SPD-5 is related to many proteins containing extensive or multiple coiled-coi ...
... calculated molecular mass of 135 kDa, and contains 11 predicted coiled-coil regions that range in size from roughly 30 to 60 amino acids in length (Figure 1B). BLAST searches do not reveal clear orthologs but indicate that SPD-5 is related to many proteins containing extensive or multiple coiled-coi ...
Biogenesis, Turnover, and Mode of Action of Plant
... MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of 20- to 24-nucleotide endogenous small RNAs that repress gene expression. In plants, miRNAs control the expression of genes encoding transcription factors, stress response proteins, and other proteins that impact the development, growth, and physiology of plants. The ...
... MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of 20- to 24-nucleotide endogenous small RNAs that repress gene expression. In plants, miRNAs control the expression of genes encoding transcription factors, stress response proteins, and other proteins that impact the development, growth, and physiology of plants. The ...
Cell nucleus
In cell biology, the nucleus (pl. nuclei; from Latin nucleus or nuculeus, meaning kernel) is a membrane-enclosed organelle found in eukaryotic cells. Eukaryotes usually have a single nucleus, but a few cell types have no nuclei, and a few others have many.Cell nuclei contain most of the cell's genetic material, organized as multiple long linear DNA molecules in complex with a large variety of proteins, such as histones, to form chromosomes. The genes within these chromosomes are the cell's nuclear genome. The function of the nucleus is to maintain the integrity of these genes and to control the activities of the cell by regulating gene expression—the nucleus is, therefore, the control center of the cell. The main structures making up the nucleus are the nuclear envelope, a double membrane that encloses the entire organelle and isolates its contents from the cellular cytoplasm, and the nucleoskeleton (which includes nuclear lamina), a network within the nucleus that adds mechanical support, much like the cytoskeleton, which supports the cell as a whole.Because the nuclear membrane is impermeable to large molecules, nuclear pores are required that regulate nuclear transport of molecules across the envelope. The pores cross both nuclear membranes, providing a channel through which larger molecules must be actively transported by carrier proteins while allowing free movement of small molecules and ions. Movement of large molecules such as proteins and RNA through the pores is required for both gene expression and the maintenance of chromosomes. The interior of the nucleus does not contain any membrane-bound sub compartments, its contents are not uniform, and a number of sub-nuclear bodies exist, made up of unique proteins, RNA molecules, and particular parts of the chromosomes. The best-known of these is the nucleolus, which is mainly involved in the assembly of ribosomes. After being produced in the nucleolus, ribosomes are exported to the cytoplasm where they translate mRNA.