Changes in Typical Organelles in Developing Cotyledons of Soybean
... stained by PAS, CBB and osmium and could also be distinguished from other structures by their spherical shape . Their number and size increased around 30 OAF. Until they are better understood, we are calling these organelles protein-lipidsugar ( PLS) bodies because they are stained by reagents which ...
... stained by PAS, CBB and osmium and could also be distinguished from other structures by their spherical shape . Their number and size increased around 30 OAF. Until they are better understood, we are calling these organelles protein-lipidsugar ( PLS) bodies because they are stained by reagents which ...
Cytokinesis in Tobacco BY-2 and Root Tip Cells: A
... cell wall between daughter cells. This process is accomplished by the formation of the phragmoplast that not only builds the new plate but spatially orients it within the cell relative to the whole plant or organ axis. The phragmoplast of higher plant cells has been described as consisting of three ...
... cell wall between daughter cells. This process is accomplished by the formation of the phragmoplast that not only builds the new plate but spatially orients it within the cell relative to the whole plant or organ axis. The phragmoplast of higher plant cells has been described as consisting of three ...
Immunohistochemical Identification of Phosphorylated Extracellular
... symptoms. However, recovery from most of these symptoms occurs within a few days, so-called vestibular compensation (VC). VC is one of experimental models for lesion-induced neural plasticity in CNS. There is large body of results that show asymmetric spatiotemporal changes in the expression of seve ...
... symptoms. However, recovery from most of these symptoms occurs within a few days, so-called vestibular compensation (VC). VC is one of experimental models for lesion-induced neural plasticity in CNS. There is large body of results that show asymmetric spatiotemporal changes in the expression of seve ...
The structure of secondary cell wall polymers: how
... 1985; Munson & Glaser, 1981), the structural features of teichuronic acids are less well understood and only a few have been subjected to full chemical analyses (Munson & Glaser, 1981; Ward, 1981). These anionic polymers account for 10–60 % (by weight) of the bacterial cell wall, with the relative a ...
... 1985; Munson & Glaser, 1981), the structural features of teichuronic acids are less well understood and only a few have been subjected to full chemical analyses (Munson & Glaser, 1981; Ward, 1981). These anionic polymers account for 10–60 % (by weight) of the bacterial cell wall, with the relative a ...
Genetic Block of Outer Plaque Morphogenesis at the Second Meiotic
... An hfdl-1 mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, SOS4, characterized by predominant production of two-spored asci at 29 " C , undergoes normal meiotic nuclear divisions and produces four haploid nuclei, but only two non-sister nuclei among them are incorporated into mature ascospores. Spindle pole bodi ...
... An hfdl-1 mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, SOS4, characterized by predominant production of two-spored asci at 29 " C , undergoes normal meiotic nuclear divisions and produces four haploid nuclei, but only two non-sister nuclei among them are incorporated into mature ascospores. Spindle pole bodi ...
Organization and translation of mRNA in sympathetic axons
... not by chloramphenicol. Proteins translated mainly or exclusively in axons or cell bodies were both detected by metabolic labeling. Axons separated from their cell bodies synthesized up to 5% as much protein in a 3-hour period as did intact neurons. Because axons in our culture conditions contain ~5 ...
... not by chloramphenicol. Proteins translated mainly or exclusively in axons or cell bodies were both detected by metabolic labeling. Axons separated from their cell bodies synthesized up to 5% as much protein in a 3-hour period as did intact neurons. Because axons in our culture conditions contain ~5 ...
Cross-linking in the Living Cell Locates the Site of Action of
... the primary target of action of these compounds (5–9); however, interaction of oxazolidinones with the ribosome clearly differs from other antibiotics because these drugs are active against isolates that have developed resistance to other ribosomal antibiotics (10). Despite intense interest, the exa ...
... the primary target of action of these compounds (5–9); however, interaction of oxazolidinones with the ribosome clearly differs from other antibiotics because these drugs are active against isolates that have developed resistance to other ribosomal antibiotics (10). Despite intense interest, the exa ...
Transcription-associated recombination in eukaryotes: link between
... TAR and DSB-induced HR are mechanistically different processes with little influence on each other. Our recent data show that there is a differential genetic requirement for the two processes (49). It was found that the RAD51 paralogue XRCC2, which is required for HR induced by a DSB (50), is dispen ...
... TAR and DSB-induced HR are mechanistically different processes with little influence on each other. Our recent data show that there is a differential genetic requirement for the two processes (49). It was found that the RAD51 paralogue XRCC2, which is required for HR induced by a DSB (50), is dispen ...
The anorexigenic cytokine ciliary neurotrophic factor stimulates
... CNTF and its receptor subunits are expressed in anorexigenic neurons of the ARC. We have demonstrated previously that CNTF was expressed in 90% of astrocytes and 75% of neurons in the rat ARC (57). Because CNTF administration decreases food intake, we addressed the possibility for the cytokine to be ...
... CNTF and its receptor subunits are expressed in anorexigenic neurons of the ARC. We have demonstrated previously that CNTF was expressed in 90% of astrocytes and 75% of neurons in the rat ARC (57). Because CNTF administration decreases food intake, we addressed the possibility for the cytokine to be ...
At the border: the plasma membrane–cell wall
... recently been shown to restrict plasma membrane protein diffusion, which may explain the slow diffusion of plant plasma membrane proteins compared to those in animal cells that lack cell walls (Owen et al., 2009). These observations were obtained either by plasmolysis or by inhibiting cellulose synt ...
... recently been shown to restrict plasma membrane protein diffusion, which may explain the slow diffusion of plant plasma membrane proteins compared to those in animal cells that lack cell walls (Owen et al., 2009). These observations were obtained either by plasmolysis or by inhibiting cellulose synt ...
At the border: the plasma membrane–cell wall continuum
... Lipid analysis revealed that DRMs are enriched in sterols and sphingolipids (Borner et al., 2005; Lefebvre et al., 2007). Sterols are one of the most important regulators of plasma membrane microdomain maintenance (Zauber et al., 2014). Perturbations in sterol biosynthesis, either via inhibitors or ...
... Lipid analysis revealed that DRMs are enriched in sterols and sphingolipids (Borner et al., 2005; Lefebvre et al., 2007). Sterols are one of the most important regulators of plasma membrane microdomain maintenance (Zauber et al., 2014). Perturbations in sterol biosynthesis, either via inhibitors or ...
CYTOKINESIS IN HIGHER PLANTS
... nor Rab effectors have been identified, although electron tomographic evidence suggests the occurrence of vesicle linkers in the shape of exocyst complexes (74). Exocyst complexes tether vesicles to the plasma membrane in yeast and mammalian cells (30). In contrast to Rab GTPases, SNARE proteins and ...
... nor Rab effectors have been identified, although electron tomographic evidence suggests the occurrence of vesicle linkers in the shape of exocyst complexes (74). Exocyst complexes tether vesicles to the plasma membrane in yeast and mammalian cells (30). In contrast to Rab GTPases, SNARE proteins and ...
Innexin7a forms junctions that stabilize the basal
... lateral view). However, these enrichments are incomparable to the obvious actin rings in Drosophila (supplementary material Fig. S1F) and closely reflect the pattern observed with the membrane marker GAP43-YFP (Fig. 2P). This suggests that these actin enrichments represent normal levels of cortical ...
... lateral view). However, these enrichments are incomparable to the obvious actin rings in Drosophila (supplementary material Fig. S1F) and closely reflect the pattern observed with the membrane marker GAP43-YFP (Fig. 2P). This suggests that these actin enrichments represent normal levels of cortical ...
Cytokinesis in Higher Plants
... nor Rab effectors have been identified, although electron tomographic evidence suggests the occurrence of vesicle linkers in the shape of exocyst complexes (74). Exocyst complexes tether vesicles to the plasma membrane in yeast and mammalian cells (30). In contrast to Rab GTPases, SNARE proteins and ...
... nor Rab effectors have been identified, although electron tomographic evidence suggests the occurrence of vesicle linkers in the shape of exocyst complexes (74). Exocyst complexes tether vesicles to the plasma membrane in yeast and mammalian cells (30). In contrast to Rab GTPases, SNARE proteins and ...
Structure and Function of Membrane Proteins: Overview
... 2. They are always continuous, unbroken structures & thus form extensive interconnected networks within cell B. Due to flexibility of lipid bilayer, membranes are deformable & can change their overall shape (as in locomotion & cell division) C. Bilayer facilitates regulated fusion or budding of memb ...
... 2. They are always continuous, unbroken structures & thus form extensive interconnected networks within cell B. Due to flexibility of lipid bilayer, membranes are deformable & can change their overall shape (as in locomotion & cell division) C. Bilayer facilitates regulated fusion or budding of memb ...
Linking abnormal mitosis to the acquisition of DNA damage
... that opposes Aurora B (Hayashi et al., 2012). Indeed, declining steady-state levels of unstable proteins may be a major contributing factor to the accumulation of DNA damage during prolonged mitosis, as mitotic cells are transcriptionally silenced and do not demonstrate cap-dependent translation (on ...
... that opposes Aurora B (Hayashi et al., 2012). Indeed, declining steady-state levels of unstable proteins may be a major contributing factor to the accumulation of DNA damage during prolonged mitosis, as mitotic cells are transcriptionally silenced and do not demonstrate cap-dependent translation (on ...
CYTOKINESIS IN HIGHER PLANTS
... nor Rab effectors have been identified, although electron tomographic evidence suggests the occurrence of vesicle linkers in the shape of exocyst complexes (74). Exocyst complexes tether vesicles to the plasma membrane in yeast and mammalian cells (30). In contrast to Rab GTPases, SNARE proteins and ...
... nor Rab effectors have been identified, although electron tomographic evidence suggests the occurrence of vesicle linkers in the shape of exocyst complexes (74). Exocyst complexes tether vesicles to the plasma membrane in yeast and mammalian cells (30). In contrast to Rab GTPases, SNARE proteins and ...
Upstream-binding factor is sequestered into herpes simplex virus
... primary role is the synthesis of rRNA followed by processing and incorporation of rRNA into functional ribosomes for export to the cytoplasm. However, in the past few decades it has become clear that the nucleolus plays a role in very diverse aspects of the cellular life cycle from cell cycle contro ...
... primary role is the synthesis of rRNA followed by processing and incorporation of rRNA into functional ribosomes for export to the cytoplasm. However, in the past few decades it has become clear that the nucleolus plays a role in very diverse aspects of the cellular life cycle from cell cycle contro ...
Analysis of the paralysed trypanosome mutant snl-1
... metazoan systems, the application of modern molecular genetic approaches is hindered by the fact that all such cells are differentiated and do not replicate in culture. The flagellum of Trypanosoma brucei represents an interesting system to study the assembly of this type of organelle. Trypanosomes ...
... metazoan systems, the application of modern molecular genetic approaches is hindered by the fact that all such cells are differentiated and do not replicate in culture. The flagellum of Trypanosoma brucei represents an interesting system to study the assembly of this type of organelle. Trypanosomes ...
Cell nucleus
In cell biology, the nucleus (pl. nuclei; from Latin nucleus or nuculeus, meaning kernel) is a membrane-enclosed organelle found in eukaryotic cells. Eukaryotes usually have a single nucleus, but a few cell types have no nuclei, and a few others have many.Cell nuclei contain most of the cell's genetic material, organized as multiple long linear DNA molecules in complex with a large variety of proteins, such as histones, to form chromosomes. The genes within these chromosomes are the cell's nuclear genome. The function of the nucleus is to maintain the integrity of these genes and to control the activities of the cell by regulating gene expression—the nucleus is, therefore, the control center of the cell. The main structures making up the nucleus are the nuclear envelope, a double membrane that encloses the entire organelle and isolates its contents from the cellular cytoplasm, and the nucleoskeleton (which includes nuclear lamina), a network within the nucleus that adds mechanical support, much like the cytoskeleton, which supports the cell as a whole.Because the nuclear membrane is impermeable to large molecules, nuclear pores are required that regulate nuclear transport of molecules across the envelope. The pores cross both nuclear membranes, providing a channel through which larger molecules must be actively transported by carrier proteins while allowing free movement of small molecules and ions. Movement of large molecules such as proteins and RNA through the pores is required for both gene expression and the maintenance of chromosomes. The interior of the nucleus does not contain any membrane-bound sub compartments, its contents are not uniform, and a number of sub-nuclear bodies exist, made up of unique proteins, RNA molecules, and particular parts of the chromosomes. The best-known of these is the nucleolus, which is mainly involved in the assembly of ribosomes. After being produced in the nucleolus, ribosomes are exported to the cytoplasm where they translate mRNA.