Links between genome replication and chromatin landscapes
... The activation of all ORIs is highly coordinated in time, but most likely also in space, within the S phase; however, the specification of genomic sites where ORIs are located, their coordinated timing of activation and the coupling with other DNA-mediated processes (transcription, repair, recombina ...
... The activation of all ORIs is highly coordinated in time, but most likely also in space, within the S phase; however, the specification of genomic sites where ORIs are located, their coordinated timing of activation and the coupling with other DNA-mediated processes (transcription, repair, recombina ...
In vivo assays to study histone ubiquitylation
... similar in many parameters to nucleosomes containing unmodified histones [36]. Because ubiquitin is a bulky moiety, it has been postulated that its attachment to histones could disrupt chromatin folding [35,37]. This argument tends to be supported by the observation that metazoan histones are globall ...
... similar in many parameters to nucleosomes containing unmodified histones [36]. Because ubiquitin is a bulky moiety, it has been postulated that its attachment to histones could disrupt chromatin folding [35,37]. This argument tends to be supported by the observation that metazoan histones are globall ...
08. Paramecium Notes
... the contractile vacuole due to its star shape. Color the contractile vacuole dark green. Paramecium are heterotrophs and must consume food. Food enters the paramecium through the mouth pore (color orange) and goes to the gullet (color dark blue). The area of the paramecium appears pinched inward and ...
... the contractile vacuole due to its star shape. Color the contractile vacuole dark green. Paramecium are heterotrophs and must consume food. Food enters the paramecium through the mouth pore (color orange) and goes to the gullet (color dark blue). The area of the paramecium appears pinched inward and ...
Lectures 1 and 2
... Proteins can bind at the ends of N-linked and O-linked chains, and typically have binding pockets ...
... Proteins can bind at the ends of N-linked and O-linked chains, and typically have binding pockets ...
Full Text - Molecular Biology and Evolution
... software detects fragments of amino-acid sequences likely to target proteins to the secretory pathway. SignalP detects these signal peptides in most Gram-positive and Gramnegative bacteria, as well as eukaryotes (note that the software is presently unable to reliably predict signal peptides in archa ...
... software detects fragments of amino-acid sequences likely to target proteins to the secretory pathway. SignalP detects these signal peptides in most Gram-positive and Gramnegative bacteria, as well as eukaryotes (note that the software is presently unable to reliably predict signal peptides in archa ...
Putamen Tracing Guidelines
... decided to "define" the ventral borders as the same level and continuing the line marking the sharp separation between the globus and its ventral border in areas where the anterior perforated substance was present. ...
... decided to "define" the ventral borders as the same level and continuing the line marking the sharp separation between the globus and its ventral border in areas where the anterior perforated substance was present. ...
Small Nucleolar RNAs and Pre
... structural features therein. The nucleolus is characterized by a lower concentration of chromatin relative to the remainder of the nucleus. Thus, although there are many active gene copies, the nucleolus appears as a “hole” when nuclei are stained with DNA dyes such as 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole ( ...
... structural features therein. The nucleolus is characterized by a lower concentration of chromatin relative to the remainder of the nucleus. Thus, although there are many active gene copies, the nucleolus appears as a “hole” when nuclei are stained with DNA dyes such as 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole ( ...
Drosophila Set1 is the major histone H3 lysine 4 trimethyltransferase
... transcribed genes in yeast, Drosophila, and mammals (Pokholok et al, 2005; Barski et al, 2007; Guenther et al, 2007; Schuettengruber et al, 2009). Although nucleosomes carrying this modification are targeted by a number of transcription and chromatin regulators (Martin et al, 2006; Shi et al, 2006; ...
... transcribed genes in yeast, Drosophila, and mammals (Pokholok et al, 2005; Barski et al, 2007; Guenther et al, 2007; Schuettengruber et al, 2009). Although nucleosomes carrying this modification are targeted by a number of transcription and chromatin regulators (Martin et al, 2006; Shi et al, 2006; ...
Review THE SELECTION OF APTAMERS SPECIFIC FOR
... bound RNA sequences from the unbound ones, the filter-binding and gel-shift methods were used. After nine selection cycles, RNA aptamers were yielded that bind with nanomolar affinities (KD in the range of 2-12 nM) to the AChR in the electroplax membrane, and that could be displaced from the recepto ...
... bound RNA sequences from the unbound ones, the filter-binding and gel-shift methods were used. After nine selection cycles, RNA aptamers were yielded that bind with nanomolar affinities (KD in the range of 2-12 nM) to the AChR in the electroplax membrane, and that could be displaced from the recepto ...
The Majority of Yeast UPF1 Co-localizes with Polyribosomes in the
... lacking a functional UPF1 or UPF3 product, the decay rate of nonsense mRNA is restored to a level comparable to the corresponding wild-type mRNA, but the half-life of the wild-type mRNA remains unaltered. Unlike tRNA suppressors that were shown to stabilize nonsense mRNAs by promoting translational ...
... lacking a functional UPF1 or UPF3 product, the decay rate of nonsense mRNA is restored to a level comparable to the corresponding wild-type mRNA, but the half-life of the wild-type mRNA remains unaltered. Unlike tRNA suppressors that were shown to stabilize nonsense mRNAs by promoting translational ...
rapid communication - AJP
... with CD2AP in HeLa cells. Besides its interaction with nephrin, CD2AP was observed in colocalization with actin in lamellipodia and membrane ruffles (11, 12). These sites of dynamic actin assembly are further characterized by the presence of the actin nucleation complex Arp2/3 and other specific pro ...
... with CD2AP in HeLa cells. Besides its interaction with nephrin, CD2AP was observed in colocalization with actin in lamellipodia and membrane ruffles (11, 12). These sites of dynamic actin assembly are further characterized by the presence of the actin nucleation complex Arp2/3 and other specific pro ...
Mastoparan Alters Subcellular Distribution of
... birch pollen profilin co-localizes with dynamic AFs when expressed in animal cells (Mayboroda et al. 1997). This suggests that plant and animal profilins obey the same principles responsible for their subcellular localizations (for animal cells see, e.g., Hartwig et al. 1989, Buß et al. 1992, Bubb e ...
... birch pollen profilin co-localizes with dynamic AFs when expressed in animal cells (Mayboroda et al. 1997). This suggests that plant and animal profilins obey the same principles responsible for their subcellular localizations (for animal cells see, e.g., Hartwig et al. 1989, Buß et al. 1992, Bubb e ...
siRNA-27 - OriGene
... fluorescent-labeled transfection control duplex); favored approach is fluorescence microscopy. Greater than 90% of cells should show dye uptake when examined 4-24 hours after transfection. Demonstrate that RNAi is working using positive control (HPRT1 Positive Control duplex); favored approach is qu ...
... fluorescent-labeled transfection control duplex); favored approach is fluorescence microscopy. Greater than 90% of cells should show dye uptake when examined 4-24 hours after transfection. Demonstrate that RNAi is working using positive control (HPRT1 Positive Control duplex); favored approach is qu ...
Practice General
... been stained with silver. The thin black vertical lines are reticular fibers running around the outside of the vessel like barrel hoops. The irregular horizontal lines, running parallel to the length of the vessel are the silvered outlines of endothelial cells. The intercellular cement has been stai ...
... been stained with silver. The thin black vertical lines are reticular fibers running around the outside of the vessel like barrel hoops. The irregular horizontal lines, running parallel to the length of the vessel are the silvered outlines of endothelial cells. The intercellular cement has been stai ...
Protein Arginine Methylation in Candida albicans: Role
... methylarginine (SDMA) (8). Rmt2 catalyzes the formation of ␦-MMA, in which the internal ␦ nitrogen of arginine is methylated (29). Although the Rmt2 sequence is slightly similar to that of a mammalian small-molecule methyltransferase that targets guanidinoacetate (29), more closely related genes are ...
... methylarginine (SDMA) (8). Rmt2 catalyzes the formation of ␦-MMA, in which the internal ␦ nitrogen of arginine is methylated (29). Although the Rmt2 sequence is slightly similar to that of a mammalian small-molecule methyltransferase that targets guanidinoacetate (29), more closely related genes are ...
Recent advances in X-chromosome inactivation
... known as extra sex chromosomes or ESC) and Enx1 (the mouse homologue of Enhancer of zeste [EZ]), the latter being a H3 Lys-9/27 histone methyltransferase (HMTase), may be implicated in both imprinted and random X inactivation [27,28,32,33]. This seems to parallel the situation in Drosophila, wh ...
... known as extra sex chromosomes or ESC) and Enx1 (the mouse homologue of Enhancer of zeste [EZ]), the latter being a H3 Lys-9/27 histone methyltransferase (HMTase), may be implicated in both imprinted and random X inactivation [27,28,32,33]. This seems to parallel the situation in Drosophila, wh ...
DMSO (dimethylsulfoxide), a potent inducer of
... were then resuspended in storage buffer (50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.3; 40% (v/v) glycerol, 5 mM MgCl2, and 0.1 mM EDTA) and frozen in liquid nitrogen in portions of 100 pl corresponding to the nuclei of 107 cells. For nuclear run-on RNA synthesis, the nuclei were mixed with 100 p1 reaction buffer (10 mM T ...
... were then resuspended in storage buffer (50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.3; 40% (v/v) glycerol, 5 mM MgCl2, and 0.1 mM EDTA) and frozen in liquid nitrogen in portions of 100 pl corresponding to the nuclei of 107 cells. For nuclear run-on RNA synthesis, the nuclei were mixed with 100 p1 reaction buffer (10 mM T ...
Role of Polycomb Group Protein Cbx2/M33 in Meiosis Onset and
... proper homologous chromosome synapsis [12–14]. Notably, biochemical analyses as well as several genetic mouse models support the existence of critical factors that might be exclusively involved in the control of germline-specific epigenetic modifications essential for the successful completion of me ...
... proper homologous chromosome synapsis [12–14]. Notably, biochemical analyses as well as several genetic mouse models support the existence of critical factors that might be exclusively involved in the control of germline-specific epigenetic modifications essential for the successful completion of me ...
ASH1 by Puf6p–Fun12p/eIF5B interaction and released by CK2 phosphorylation Yingfeng Deng,
... results obtained with GMP-PNP (Fig. 1C, filled triangles). This increase of the 48S peak was reproducible using different gradients (see the Materials and Methods). This suggested that assembly of the 80S complex but not the formation of the 48S complex was affected by Puf6p. Inhibition by Puf6 was ...
... results obtained with GMP-PNP (Fig. 1C, filled triangles). This increase of the 48S peak was reproducible using different gradients (see the Materials and Methods). This suggested that assembly of the 80S complex but not the formation of the 48S complex was affected by Puf6p. Inhibition by Puf6 was ...
Two Distinct Attachment Sites for Vimentin along the Plasma
... functional dichotomy of the vimentin-binding sites under in vitro conditions may reflect a vectorial assembly process whereby 10-rim filaments, although structurally apolar, acquire polar features brought about by the differential attachment to specific receptors arranged along the plasma membrane a ...
... functional dichotomy of the vimentin-binding sites under in vitro conditions may reflect a vectorial assembly process whereby 10-rim filaments, although structurally apolar, acquire polar features brought about by the differential attachment to specific receptors arranged along the plasma membrane a ...
Functional ultrastructure of the plant nucleolus
... Abstract Nucleoli are nuclear domains present in almost all eukaryotic cells. They not only specialize in the production of ribosomal subunits but also play roles in many fundamental cellular activities. Concerning ribosome biosynthesis, particular stages of this process, i.e., ribosomal DNA transcr ...
... Abstract Nucleoli are nuclear domains present in almost all eukaryotic cells. They not only specialize in the production of ribosomal subunits but also play roles in many fundamental cellular activities. Concerning ribosome biosynthesis, particular stages of this process, i.e., ribosomal DNA transcr ...
The anammoxosome: an intracytoplasmic compartment in anammox
... intracytoplasmic membranes (also called lamellae) provides a greater surface area into which enzymes for metabolic processes are incorporated; a larger membrane surface is thus provided for greater metabolic activity. Apart from extending an existing functionality, intracytoplasmic membranes can als ...
... intracytoplasmic membranes (also called lamellae) provides a greater surface area into which enzymes for metabolic processes are incorporated; a larger membrane surface is thus provided for greater metabolic activity. Apart from extending an existing functionality, intracytoplasmic membranes can als ...
Two Distinct Attachment Sites for Vimentin along
... functional dichotomy of the vimentin-binding sites under in vitro conditions may reflect a vectorial assembly process whereby 10-rim filaments, although structurally apolar, acquire polar features brought about by the differential attachment to specific receptors arranged along the plasma membrane a ...
... functional dichotomy of the vimentin-binding sites under in vitro conditions may reflect a vectorial assembly process whereby 10-rim filaments, although structurally apolar, acquire polar features brought about by the differential attachment to specific receptors arranged along the plasma membrane a ...
Cell nucleus
In cell biology, the nucleus (pl. nuclei; from Latin nucleus or nuculeus, meaning kernel) is a membrane-enclosed organelle found in eukaryotic cells. Eukaryotes usually have a single nucleus, but a few cell types have no nuclei, and a few others have many.Cell nuclei contain most of the cell's genetic material, organized as multiple long linear DNA molecules in complex with a large variety of proteins, such as histones, to form chromosomes. The genes within these chromosomes are the cell's nuclear genome. The function of the nucleus is to maintain the integrity of these genes and to control the activities of the cell by regulating gene expression—the nucleus is, therefore, the control center of the cell. The main structures making up the nucleus are the nuclear envelope, a double membrane that encloses the entire organelle and isolates its contents from the cellular cytoplasm, and the nucleoskeleton (which includes nuclear lamina), a network within the nucleus that adds mechanical support, much like the cytoskeleton, which supports the cell as a whole.Because the nuclear membrane is impermeable to large molecules, nuclear pores are required that regulate nuclear transport of molecules across the envelope. The pores cross both nuclear membranes, providing a channel through which larger molecules must be actively transported by carrier proteins while allowing free movement of small molecules and ions. Movement of large molecules such as proteins and RNA through the pores is required for both gene expression and the maintenance of chromosomes. The interior of the nucleus does not contain any membrane-bound sub compartments, its contents are not uniform, and a number of sub-nuclear bodies exist, made up of unique proteins, RNA molecules, and particular parts of the chromosomes. The best-known of these is the nucleolus, which is mainly involved in the assembly of ribosomes. After being produced in the nucleolus, ribosomes are exported to the cytoplasm where they translate mRNA.